ISOM Test Ch 6-11

List and describe the steps in the human resources management process

* Job Analysis and design *Human Resource Planning and Forecasting *Employee Recruitment *Employee Selection * Training and Development * Performance Planning and Evaluation * Compensation and Benefits

Understand the different types of planning and who is responsible for each type

* Strategic- (1-5 years) establish mission and long term goals (top management) *Tactical- begins the implementation of strategic plans (less than a year)( middle management) *Operational- creates specific standards are used in specific functional areas of organization (current, narrow and research focused)( supervisory management) * Contingency- identify alternative courses of action for very unusual or crisis situations( top and middle management)

List and describe the 5 steps in the decision-making process for managers

1) Recognize or Define the problem or opportunity 2.) Gather Information to identify alternative solutions or actions 3) Select one or more alternatives after evaluating the strength and weakness of each possibility 4) Put alternatives into action 5) Gather information to obtain feedback on the effectiveness of the chosen plan

What happens during selection?

1.) Initial Screening 2.)Employee Testing 3.) Selection Interview 4.) Background and Reference Checks 5.) Physical Examination 6.) Decision to Hire

What is the process of generating a new product?

1.) Set new product goals 2.) Develop New Product Ideas 3.) Screen Ideas/Concepts 4.) Develop the Concept 5.) Test Market the New Product 6.) Introduce new product to marketplace

Performance Planning Process

1.) The manager establishes performances standards 2.) The employees work to meet standards and expectations 3.) The employees supervisior evaluates the employees works in term of quantity and quality of output and various characteristics such as job knowledge,initiative, relationships with others etc. 4.)Following the performance evaluation,reward, and job change decisions can be made 5.) Rewards are positve feedback and positve reinforcement,or encouragement, for the employee to continue improving their performance

Outsourcing

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. (is done when another firm can perform a task, and more efficiently, thus saving costs)

Bill of Materials

A document that shows the quantity of each type of direct material required to make a product.

Operations Management

A specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources) into goods and services.

List and describe the three leadership styles

Autocratic Leaders: *Managers make most decisions ad act in a authority manner *manager is usually unconcerned about subordinates attitudes toward decisions Participative Style: Manager shares decision making with group members and encourages team work Free Rein: managers turns over virtually all authority and control to group

CAD System

Computer Aided Design- computers are used to design and test new products and modify existing one (Engineers use these systems to draw products and look from different angles)

CAM System

Computer- Aided Manufacturing - uses computers to develop and control the production process (these systems analyze the steps required to make the product, then automatically send instructions to the machines that do the work)

Tactics used by the employer and union during a dispute

Lockout: Employer refuses to let employees in to work Strike Replacement: employer uses non union employees to do jobs of striking union employees Multi- Aid Pact: employer receives money from other companies in industry to cover some income lost because of strikes Shift Production: employer moves production to nonunion plant or out of country

Mass Production

Manufacturing many identical goods at one time

Explain what a mission is and why an organization has a mission statement

Mission: what the Company believes in Mission Statement: A document that states the purpose of the organization and its reason for existing

List the four functional areas of management and describe what happens in each area

Planning: *set objectives and state mission *examine alternatives *determine needed resources *create strategies to reach objectives Organizing : *design jobs and specify tasks *create *organizational structure *staff positions *coordinate work activities *set policies and procedures *allocate resources Leading: *Lead and motivate employees to accomplish organizational goals *Communicate with employees * Resolve conflicts * Manage Change Controlling: *Measure Performance * Compare performance to standards *Take necessary action to improve performance

Five Ps

Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People

Continuous Process

Uses long production runs that may last days,weeks,or months without equipment shut downs ( this is best for high volume, low-variety products with standardized parts, such as nails, glass, and paper)

job description definition

Where the tasks and responsibilities of a job are listed

Protected Class

Women, African Americans, or Hispanic Americans

Product

a good, service, or idea

Production Planning

allows the firm to consider the competitive environment and its own strategic goals to find the best production methods

Gantt Chart

are bar graphs plotted on a time line that show the relationship between scheduled and actual production ( GC are most helpful when only a few tasks are involved,when task times are relatively long (days or weeks rather than hours), and when job routes are short and simple)

Product Manager

develops and implements a complete strategy and marketing program for a specific product or brand of product

Total Quality Management (TQM)

emphasizes the use of quality principles in all aspects of a companys production and operations (it recognizes that all employees involved with bringing a product or service to customers contributes to quality)

what is ERP

enterprise resource planning -systems go a step further and incorporate information about the firms suppliers and customers into the flow of data (unties all of the firms major departments into a single software program)

Supply Chain Management

focuses on smoothing transitions along the supply chain, with the ultimate goal of satisfying customers with quality products and services

Orientation

getting the new employee ready to preform the job * Occurs before the employee starts their job

Mass customization

goods are produced using mass production techniques only up to a point . At that point, the product or service is custom tailored to the needs or desires of individual customers

Quality Control

involves creating quality standards, producing goods that meet them, and measuring finished goods and services, against them

Inventory Management

involves deciding how much of each type of inventory to keep on hand and the ordering,recieving, storing,and tracking of it

performance appraisal

is a comparison of actual performance with expected performance to determine an employees contributions to the organization and to make decisions about traning, compensation, promotion, and other job change

Grievance

is a formal complaint by an employee or the union that management has violated some part of the contract

Product Life Cycle

is a pattern of sales and profits over time for a product or product category

Reward Power

is conveyed through rewarding individuals for compliance with ones wishes. ( bonuses, raises, a promotion, extra time off work)

Marketing

is finding out the needs and wants of potential buyers (whether organizations or customers) and then providing goods and services that meet or exceed the expectations of those buyers

Buyer Behavior

is the actions people take with regard to buying and using products (Marketers must understand buyer behavior, such as how raising or lowering a price will affect the buyers perception of the product and therefore can create a fluctuation in sales or how a specifuc review on social media can create an entirely new direction for the marketing mix based on comments

Production

is the creation of products and services

Customer Satisfaction

is the customers feeling that a product has met or exceeded expectations

Purchasing

is the process of buying production inputs from various sources

Selection

is the process of determining which people in the applicant pool posses the qualifications necessary to be successful on the job

Definition of management

is the process of guiding the development, maintenance, and allocation of resources to attain organizational goals

Human Resource Management

is the process of hiring, developing, motivating, and evaluating employees to achieve organizational goals

Collective Bargining

is the process of negotiating a labor agreement that provides for compensation and working arrangements mutually acceptable to the union management

Marketing Research

is the process of planning, collecting, and analyzing data relevant to a marketing decision.

Arbitration

is the process of settling a labor management dispute by having a third party - a single arbitrator or a panel make a decision

Customer Value

is the ratio of benefits for the customer (organization or consumer) to the sacrifice necessary to obtain those benefits

Culture

is the set of values, ideas, attitudes, and symbols, created to shape human behavior

Robotics

is the technology involved in designing, constructing ,and operating robots

Marketing Concept

is the use of marketing data to focus on the needs and wants of customers in order to develop marketing strategies that not only satisfy the needs of the customers but also the accomplish the goals of the organization (identifies the buyers needs and the produces the goods, services, or the ideas that will satisfy them)

IM goal for an organization

is to keep down the costs of ordering and holding inventories while maintaining enough on hand for production and sales

Empowerment

means giving employees increased autonomy and discretion to make their own decisions, as well as control over the resources needed to implement those decisions

5ps: Promotion

methods for informing and influencing customers to buy the product (traditional advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, social media, and e-commerce)

5Ps People

methods of utilizing organization employees to support the marketing strategies of the company (are crucial to the development of the products intangible aspects)

5ps: Price

monetary or nonmonetary something given in exchange for a product

What happens during recruitment

numerous methods ar are used to attract the applicants including print,radio,web,and television advertising,job fairs

corporate culture

refers to the core values and beliefs that support the mission and business model of the firm and guide employee behavior

Family and Medical Leave Act

requires employers to provide unpaid leave for child birth, adoption, or illness Agency of Enforcement: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

5ps :Place

some method of getting the product from the creator of the product to the customer (transportation, location, supply chain management)

5(p's) product

tangible,intangible something offered in exchange and for which marketing actions are taken and marketing decisions are made

Global Management

the ability to operate in diverse cultural environments, employees are often required to learn the geography, language, and social customs of other cultures

Supply Chain

the entire sequence of securing inputs, producing goods, and delivering goods to customers

Critical Path Method

the manager identifies all of the activities required to complete the project, the relationships between these activities, and the order in which they need to be completed

Recruitment

the process of attracting qualified people to form an applicant pool

Define Leadership

the process of guiding and motivating others toward the achievement of organizational goals

Market Segmentation

the process of separating, identifying, and evaluating the layers of a market to identify a target market Types: demographic, geographic, psychographic, benefit, and volume

corporate culture

the set of attitudes, values, and standards of behavior that distinguishes one organization from another

Target Market

the specific group of customers toward which firm directs its marketing efforts

Affirmative Action Programs

to expand job oppritunities for women and minorities ( avoid employee discrimination)

Make or Buy Decision

where the firm decides whether to make its own production materials or buy them from outside sources

Job analysis definition

which is a study of the tasks required to do a job well