ISS 210 EXAM 3 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Peter Callero (the author) argues that the "new capitalism" in the 21st century is more global in its scope. One difference that we see in the "new capitalism" is... A. companies have less connection to their local communities B. companies are hiring more people for assembly-line jobs and other repetitive, low-paying positions C. companies tend to be smaller and more flexible than they were in the past D. companies are no longer able to find individuals who are willing to work hard and learn new things

A

In the USA, when children marry, people expect them to start their own household away from the parent's household. So people give THEM (the married couple) gifts of household equipment when they marry. A. True B. False

A

In the USA, when children marry, people expect them to start their own household away from the parent's household. So people give them gifts of household equipment when they marry. This custom is called being "neolocal". A. True B. False

A

In the era of globalization, we've seen many factory jobs shift to countries where _____is/ are LOW and _______is/are HIGH A. wages; population B. wages; regulations C. population; wages D. regulations; wages

A

In your family, the small children might call your father's best friend "Uncle Bob" even if there he's not really a relative. This relationship is a "fictive kin tie". A. True B. False

A

Joy and Jonathan are second cousins. That means that one of Joy's grandparents is a brother or sister to one of Jonathan's grandparents. A. True B. False

A

Karl Marx believed that if workers in a capitalistic economy recognized ________, they would cooperate with one another. A. that they were all in a similar situation as "workers" and shared the same goals B. that they were all basically nice human beings C. that some of them were destined to become factory owners

A

Kinship charts show relationships of legal and moral (cultural) relationships. A. True B. False

A

Laws are generally more short-term than are "cultural rules" A. True B. False

A

Logically, you'd expect to see bridewealth or bride service in societies where a woman (bride) leaves her home family when she marries. A. True B. False

A

Many people find their spouses during their college years. If you marry someone from MSU, then MSU represents an endogamous group. A. True B. False

A

Marriage gift exchanges take place between the bride's family and the groom's family. The bride (woman) and groom (man) themselves don't necessarily get anything. A. True B. False

A

Matri- comes from the Latin word for mother or woman. A. True B. False

A

Matrilineal clans trace ancestry through the female line. A. True B. False

A

One major change in American society after 2008 was the passage of the Affordable Care Act (known as "Obamacare"). Before then, most people could not get private (non-government) insurance except through... A. their jobs B. the government C. their family connections

A

One way to become wealthy in the USA is to inherit some wealth. The author says that __________people in the USA receive wealth through inheritance. A. very few B. many C. about half D. the vast majority

A

Paternity refers to "fatherhood". A. True B. False

A

Paternity refers to the assignment of "fatherhood" A. True B. False

A

Patri- comes from the Latin word for father or man. A. True B. False

A

People in an exogamous group must find a marriage partner outside of that group. A. True B. False

A

Peter Callero (the author) argues that in traditional societies (non-industrialized societies) the most important identity that someone had was that of.... A. family relationships (lineage or clan) B. one's religion C. one's occupation

A

Peter Callero makes a big distinction between signs and symbols. Peter Callero would classify the "peace sign" (the V shape that people make with space between their first and second fingers extended from their hand) as a _________ A. symbol B. sign

A

Peter Callero observes that _______have higher rates of upward mobility than the USA does A. Canada, Sweden, Finland, and Norway B. Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iran, and Iraq C. China, Korea, and Japan D. Greece, Italy, France, and Albania

A

Polyandry refers to a woman marrying more than one husband at a time. A. True B. False

A

Polygyny refers to a man marrying more than one woman at a time. A. True B. False

A

Racism in the USA focuses on economic and social exploitation of population minorities. In the USA, these minority groups are commonly.... A. "people of color" who are non-white, non-Caucasion in appearance B. people who immigrated to the USA recently, as opposed to those who immigrated during the 1700s and 1800s. C. people who immigrated to the USA from Ireland D. people of Central European ancestry

A

Racism in the USA has focused around skin color variations in part because (in the USA) the institution of slavery became specifically slavery of people who had African ancestry. In the USA, therefore, "racism" typically focuses on a person's .... A. appearance B. ancestry (who one's parents were) C. relationship to someone in the ruling class D. income level (wealth)

A

Serial monogamy means that a person can have only one spouse at a time. A. True B. False

A

Slavery in the USA was justified by refering to the institution of slavery that is described in the Old and New Testament (the Bible). These sacred texts were used to argue that... A. slavery is not a sin, and it would be sinful (acting against God) to resist slavery B. the economic effects of banning slavery would be catastrophic (damaging) for the whole country's economy C. slavery may have been an institution thousands of years ago, but modern people know better now and appreciate the injustice of slavery D. slavery was economically important in Biblical times, just as it was in the 1800s in the USA

A

Soro- comes from the Latin word for "sister", just like a "sorority" represents of group of women who "act like" they are sisters. A. True B. False

A

Stanley Milgram designed some experiments in which he asked volunteers to .... A. administer supposedly painful electric shocks to an actor (another researcher) B. identify whether punishment with electric shocks helped them learn to do certain tasks more quickly C. receive electric shocks that became increasingly painful. The volunteer would then indicate when he/she did not wish to continue D. identify the role that electricity plays in normal brain function and in different brain disorders

A

Steve and Samantha are second cousins. They will have to count "up" two generations to find a sibling connection between their grandparents. A. True B. False

A

Stipulated means "spelled out" A. True B. False

A

The "socially constructed person" is a phrase that reminds us that our status as a human being depends on.... A. how other people in our society see us, and how they think of us B. whether we have been born or not C. we individually are able to think about our place in society D. how religious we are, and how we fit into God's plan for us

A

The American kinship system is based on monogamy. A. True B. False

A

The Euro-American kinship system is called a____ A. kindred B. clan C. lineage

A

The Euro-american kinship is bilateral. A. True B. False

A

The Robbers Cave experiment began with the participants organized into... A. two very cohesive and well-defined groups B. separate groups of just one individual per "group" so that individuals competed against each other C. categories based on the age of the participants D. three sports teams

A

The Unabomber case of Ted Kacynsnki shows us that while values of self-reliance and independence may be "good," they.... A. can be taken to unhealthy and destructive extremes B. have no part in building a "good society" C. not everyone can succeed in really being independent of others D. they cannot play a valuable role in society as a whole

A

The author Peter Callero says that "social forces shape the contexts within which specific differences are given value over others." What does he mean by "social forces" here? A. The "rules of the game" that may favor one kind of knowledge and experience over other kinds B. the physical forces of gravity and energy C. the "force of personality," an individual's ability to command respect and claim authority. D. the "force of attraction" of someone's individual personality. Some people are simply more appealing and easy to deal with

A

In general, many working class people learn quickly that ______ is usually NOT rewarded in the workplace. A. obedience and strength B. respect for authority C. independent thought, creativity, initiative D. all of these

C

In general, someone who works on the assembly line in a factory would be considered_______, regardless of the actual money that person earned. A. middle class B. upper class C. working class D. none of these

C

Consanguineal relatives are "relatives-in-law" A. True B. False

B

Cross-culturally, marriage is always between a man and a woman A. True B. False

B

Emile Durkheim is an early sociologist who studied A. the problem people have in coping with many different and sometimes conflicting demands and norms of behavior expected in diverse social grouops B. the problems that people have in organizing together with other workers to demand fair treatment from the "owners of production" in a capitalistic system C. the importance of family (clan and lineage) in traditional, non-industrial society D. tribal society

B

If a person gets divorced and then remarries, they are polygamous. A. True B. False

B

If the state of Michigan passed a law saying that you MUST marry someone from within your own college, then that would be a rule of college exogamy. A. True B. False

B

If two families are related through marriage, but one of the partners dies, then the deceased partner's family may provide a "replacement spouse." This practice is called exogamy. A. True B. False

B

In a democracy, a "free press" functions to provide public oversight over.... A. the economic functioning of "the marketplace." B. public behavior of the citizens in that democracy C. the actions of government leaders D. the people who subscribe (pay for) the newspaper itself

C

"Aunt Sophie is my mother's sister." This is a statement of stipulated descent. A. True B. False

A

"Common law marriage" comes from the time when people in the USA lived far apart and often were not able to get married legally. A. True B. False

A

"Neoliberalism" is another word for the concept of "radical free trade." Why does the author call this kind of free trade "radical"? (radical means "extreme". So what is so extreme about this free trade?) The author argues that it is radical because... A. the World Trade Organization proposes that there should be no restrictions at all on any trade between any countries, even if a country feels restrictions are needed for health and safety. B. the World Trade Organization is working hard to protect worker's rights, consumer safety, and the environment. As a result, consumer prices are going up. C. because the World Trade Organization is advocating for a "socialist agenda" in which each country's government would ensure that people have access to health care and a retirement system. D. the "free trade" concerned here is not really free because some of the countries involved are socialist, or communist, or under a dictatorship.

A

"Radical free trade" assumes that any trade restrictions or regulations for safety or quality control are "bad for the global economy." What does "bad for the global economy" mean? A. that companies who are buying and selling on the global marketplace might lose money or market share B. that international cooperative organizations such as the United Nations might not be needed any more C. that different countries would lose their political independence if they become increasingly inter-connected through trade relationships D. that individual consumers and users of food and other products might be hurt or made ill by (for example) poisonous chemicals in the products that they purchase

A

"SOCIAL FORCES" or "social processes" are sometimes vague concepts or "ways of doing things"--like "the economy" or "the global economy." SPECIFIC INSTITUTIONS are organizations such as "the World Bank" or "the MSU Credit Union". We also have more vague institutions such as "marriage" or "the court system" that can involve different rights and duties in different societies. CULTURE refers to "ideas, beliefs, values, and assumptions" within a society. A. True B. False

A

"Social forces" and "social processes" such as family structures, social class, and economic Forces such as globalization, social class, or family are very important in affecting individual's decisions and their lives. BUT people can also do "new" things that are not determined by their upbringing, such as learn a different language, decide to become a vegetarian, or go "off the grid" and not use electricity. "Social forces" or "social processes" as the context for individual action might therefore be thought of as.... A. a strong current within a stream. Individuals CAN swim against the current (or even get out of the stream) but the "easy way" is to just float along with the current B. a puppet master, holding a puppet on strings, and manipulating it. The puppet has to do whatever the puppet master makes it do. C. a drone that is hovering above the individuals head, and can track all of the person's actions. D. an evil witch or wizard, who puts individuals under a spell in which they do whatever they are told by society. Individuals cannot resist or rebel against the social forces.

A

"Social mobility" refers to an individual person's ability to.... A. increase his/her standard of living over time B. to send their children to college C. remain in the same social class that he/she was born in. D. invest their inherited wealth in stocks and other securities

A

"Society controls individual behavior. Individuals have no "free will" or "agency"--ability to act contrary (against) social pressure. A sociologist would _____with this statement. A. disagree B. agree

A

A boycott entails.... A. supporters refraining from buying something, or refraining from attending or going to some place that is owned or organized by the authority figure (such as the government or a business) B. participants signing a piece of paper to show that they have a certain opinion C. forming large groups of people to make a visible public statement about how many supporters one has D. none of these

A

A clan is a descent group in which relationships are assumed. A. True B. False

A

A clan is a group of people who all believe that they are related to one common ancestor. A. True B. False

A

A clan is a unilineal descent group. A. True B. False

A

A clan is based on a system of A. unilineal descent B. corporate ownership C. matrilineal organization D. polygyny

A

A family is a group of related individuals. A. True B. False

A

A kindred is a bilateral kinship system with vague boundaries. A. True B. False

A

A lineage is a descent group where relationships are stipulated. A. True B. False

A

A lineage is a descent group, a group of people who are related to each other because they all share a common ancestor. A. True B. False

A

A matrilineage is a group of people who are related through female ties. A. True B. False

A

A person who has an individualistic world view is likely to assume that... A. individual needs and wants are more important than those of the larger community B. a person and his/her community affect one another C. people should consider how their actions affect others D. individuals depend on their local community to give life meaning

A

A person's spouse (husband, wife) is an affine. A. True B. False

A

A rule of marriage that specifies that you must marry OUTSIDE a certain group of relatives is called a "rule of exogamy" A. True B. False

A

A system in which "investors" give money to a company in return for a "share" of stock--a share of the company's value is called a/an _______ economy. A. capitalistic B. cooperative C. subsistence D. investment

A

A unilineal descent group focuses on everyone's relationship to a common ancestor. A. True B. False

A

Affinal relatives are "relatives-in-law" A. True B. False

A

Americans generally trace their relatives through both the mother's and also the father's family. A. True B. False

A

An "institution of government" is thought of as... A. the organization or "office" that does anything "government" does, such as sanitation, policing, dealing with legal issues, providing oversight. B. a voluntary organization (such as churches, clubs, interest groups) that people in the community might join C. only religious groups D. none of these

A

An AFFINE is a relationship that is created by marriage A. True B. False

A

Another word (or phrase) for "radical free trade" (used by Peter Callero) is.... A. neoliberalism ("neoliberal economics") B. globalization C. "trickle-down economics" D. "free and open democracy"

A

Aunts and Uncles represent your parent's siblings (brothers and sisters). Your aunts and uncles are collateral relatives to you. A. True B. False

A

Bob's father and Ben's mother were brother and sister. That makes Bob and Ben---- A. cross cousins B. parallel cousins

A

Bridewealth or bride service represents a payment from the groom's (the man's) family to the family of the bride (woman) A. True B. False

A

Bridewealth or bride service represents an acknowledgement by the groom's family (the man's family) that the bride's family will suffer a loss of a working member of that family. A. True B. False

A

Clans can be matrilineal or patrilineal. A. True B. False

A

Consanguineal relatives are those with whom you share a "blood" tie (a genetic link). This relationship holds for actual genetic relatives and also for cases of adoption. A. True B. False

A

Customary rules include cultural expectations over long periods of time. A. True B. False

A

Dowry represents a woman's share of her inheritance from her own family. That is the wealth that she brings to her marriage. A. True B. False

A

EGO is the name given to the "person that we are considering right now" in the kinship chart. A. True B. False

A

Ego's parents and also Ego's own children are Ego's LINEAL relatives A. True B. False

A

Eugenics refers to "good genes." Why would the concept of eugenics be considered discredited now? The people who advocated eugenics assumed that..... A. low-status groups were low in status because they were simply less intelligent than people in high-status groups B. women were generally more intelligent, hard-working and mature than most men C. some people deserved more help because simply needed more help D. people in low-status groups got there because they refused to "better themselves" by obtaining and education and behaving properly

A

Families consist of relationships of consanguinity and affinity. A. True B. False

A

Family relationships are based on the IDEA of genetic relatedness, but people in a family don't have to be genetically related. A. True B. False

A

First cousins can trace back their ancestry and find a set of siblings among their ancestors. How many generations do they have to count "back" in time? A. One generation-- to their parents B. Two generations-- to their grandparents

A

Franz and Fritz are brothers. They belong to the same matrilineal clan, the Loon Clan. Their children join..... A. the clan of their mothers. The different women that Fritz and Franz marry. B. the Loon Clan

A

Frater- comes from the Latin word for "brother" . A "fraternity" is a group of men who "act like" brothers. A. True B. False

A

Fraternity "brothers" and sorority "sisters" are using FICTIVE KIN ties to describe their relationships. A. True B. False

A

Fred and Frank are brothers. They belong to the same patrilineal clan, the Bear Clan. Therefore, their children belong to ______ A. that same clan B. the clan of their mothers

A

Fred and Lisa are cousins. They count "up" one generation to find a sibling link. That makes them "first cousins" A. True B. False

A

How is a "social force" different from a "social process"? A. Actually the two concepts are pretty much the same. They both refer to rather vague "ways that people usually do things." Or "how things are organized." B. There is no difference; they are also the same thing as "society." C. A social process occurs in society. A social force affects individuals. D. A social process represents a way of organizing society. A social force is another word for culture: that is, ideas, beliefs, values, and assumptions

A

If I call someone "mother" then she MUST call me "child" A. True B. False

A

If a person is over-weight, one individual solution would be for him/her to go on a diet and reduce calorie intake. Is this option a structural solution? A. no B. yes

A

If an advertiser uses a picture of a beautiful women to sell a car to a man, and sales increase after this ad appears, what is the problem? The AUTHOR would say... A. a small number of people in the advertising business have an enormous influence on the experiences of millions of people B. the advertising executives are able to command huge salaries for doing the work that other people---the models, the photographers, the printers, and so on---should be able to share C. the advertising business is providing false information to the consumer, who will expect to be able to buy the woman as well as the car D. the ad is harmful to the self-image of women and girls, and therefore should not be used

A

If two families are related through marriage, but one of the partners dies, then the deceased partner's family may provide a "replacement spouse." This practice is called the levirate or sororate. A. True B. False

A

If your last name (family name) is the same as your father's last name, then you have inherited the name patrilineally. A. True B. False

A

Imagine a very low-class person, someone who seems to have absolutely nothing in American society----perhaps a homeless person. But that person may know how to avoid being unfairly arrested. He/she may know where to get a hot meal, or a shower. He/she may know what families in the neighborhood leave out their "Michigan 10 cent refund" cans and bottles that can be collected for cash. These forms of knowledge are called... A. cultural capital B. directed capital C. economic capital D. local capital

A

Imagine that the state of Michigan passes a law that says you must marry someone who went to a different high school than you did. This would be a law of... A. high school exogamy B. postmarital residence C. collateral relationships

A

Imagine that you are in charge of some Freshmen on your dorm floor. There have been some problems with the Michigan students and the Chinese students getting along. Remembering the Robbers Cave experiment, you decide to.... A. create two teams for basketball. Each team has both Chinese and also American students on it. B. have the Chinese students play against the American students in a game of basketball C. have the Chinese and the American students meet together with a moderator to discuss the differences in their families, culture, and educational experiences D. have the Chinese and the American students come to a party where they can talk with one another informally=

A

In 1787, when the USA constitution was written, the legal principles established were serving to benefit... A. white (European) property-owning men B. ethnic and racial minorities C.all males D. white women

A

In American law, if there is NO genetic testing, the legal father of a child is assumed (by law) the child's mother's current husband. A. True B. False

A

In Michigan it is illegal to marry one's first cousin. A. True B. False

A

In Michigan it is legal to marry one's second cousin. A. True B. False

A

In a family where dowry is a custom, only the boys in the family can expect to receive an inheritance when their parents die. A. True B. False

A

In a kinship chart, a circle represents a woman. A. True B. False

A

In a kinship chart, a triangle represents a man. A. True B. False

A

In a matrilineage, men join the lineage of their mothers. A. True B. False

A

In a matrilineal kinship system, the child joins the mother's descent group. A. True B. False

A

In all societies, marriage establishes some relationship of paternity for a woman's child. A. True B. False

A

In all societies, marriage has something to do with rights to sexual access. A. True B. False

A

In all societies, marriage represents a PUBLIC contract or agreement A. True B. False

A

In general, lower class and working class families in the USA (((and also elsewhere))) value.... A. obedience B. intellectual playfulness C. creativity D. self-expression

A

In general, the author Peter Callero argues that the mass media of the USA.... A. sexualizes women more than men B. sexualizes men more than women C. sexualizes images of animals and plants D. depicts men and also women as highly sexualized beings

A

In many countries, kinship groups are an important form of personal identity. A ____ is a form of political identity based on common claimed (assumed, believed) descent. A. tribe B. lineage C. kindred D. matrilocal society

A

In some countries, families expect a newlywed couple to live with one of the parents (the older generation). A. True B. False

A

In some societies, people have a custom of "partible paternity". Here, "partible" means divisible, like the word "partition", meaning division. In societies where there is partible paternity, then more than one man can be a father to one child. A. True B. False

A

In the American kinship system, an "uncle" can be your mother's brother OR your father's brother. A. True B. False

A

In the Hawaiian (generational) kinship system, you would call your mother's sister by the same title that you use for--- A. mother B. sister C. cousin D. father

A

In the USA, there was a long term system of slavery. People from Africa in particular were captured and brought to the USA as slaves. The author uses this example to illustrate that... A. the economic success of the upper classes is often built upon exploitation of lower classes B. the upper and lower classes of USA society are independent of one another; people from the upper and the lower classes rarely interact with the "other." C. the lower socio-economic classes in the USA would not be able to support themselves without the upper classes providing jobs D. success of the upper classes usually "trickles down" to help the lower classes also. For example, when factory owners make lots of money, they are able to hire more people.

A

The author Peter Callero talks about certain organizations as "fraternal organizations." A fraternity is a group or community of men at a college. So what is a "fraternal organization"? A. An organized group of men. There are clear "members" and "non-members." B. a loose collection of friends and friends-of-friends. There are vague boundaries between who is a member of the grouop and who is not. C. a government-sponsored political party D. all of these

A

The author Peter Callero tells a story about his experiences living in graduate-student housing near a family from Nigeria. In HIS view, the Nigerian mother seemed to... A. be too casual or lax about watching her own children when they were playing in the little playground B. too controlling of her children. She would spank them and otherwise behave in a way that the Callero family thought was abusive C. too secretive about her children; no one ever saw them playing outside D. be too protective of her own children; she didn't let them play with any other children from other cultures

A

The author's point about smoking and lung cancer represents an example of the role of predictive models in the social sciences. Many social science ideas represent some STATISTICAL PROBABILITY of an event happening. What does "statistical probability" refer to? A. "If A happens, then B is likely to result." We cannot necessarily predict that B will happen every time we do Action A. B. "If A happens, then B will always happen." There are clear and immediate and unvarying relationships between the Action A and the Result B. C. "If A happens, the B will never happen." The action A avoids the result B entirely. D. Result B is completely unpredictable.

A

The author, Peter Callero, argues that being forced to choose between an individualist and a collectivist orientation is a "bogus dilemma." What does this statement mean? A bogus dilemma is a false choice--an impossible situation. Why is the choice between individual-society a false choice? A. Individuals and their society are highly inter-dependent. A person cannot say "this one is more important than the other." B. Individuals and society are nearly always going to be in conflict because "society" cannot have goals and desires C. An individual is simply a smaller scale version of "society"--therefore we cannot distinguish between these two concept.

A

The author, Peter Callero, argues that in a belief system, the underlying assumption is that certain beliefs are... A. natural, inevitable, self-evident, obvious to everyone, and widely shared B. unique to certain ethnic groups C. created over historical time in a specific society; representative of a certain political and social context D. religious in nature (having to do with the supernatural)

A

The author, Peter Callero, argues that individualism has a "dark side." By this idea he means that "radical" or extreme individualism threatens... A. freedom and equality B. the government of the USA C. world peace D. the world economy

A

The author, Peter Callero, argues that individualism includes a world view that emphasizes and values... A. self-reliance, autonomy, independence B. cooperation and group loyalty C. confomity, "fitting in," obedience

A

The author, Peter Callero, argues that one person's freedom can become... A. another person's oppression and lack of freedom B. a trap in which people limit their own future choices

A

The author, Peter Callero, says that the Unibomber, Ted Kaczynski, was interesting as an example of... A. someone who took normal American values and exaggerated the to an extreme B. drug-resistant mental illness C. someone who completely opposed basic American values D. someone who was intent on destroying American values and ideas

A

The author, Peter Callero, tells about some innocent people who were forced by a supervisor or boss to do ridiculous or embarrassing things that were completely unrelated to the job. In these examples, the author is considering the larger issue about.... . A. understanding why otherwise normal people engage in torture or genocide or other evil acts B. why people who are mentally ill sometimes become very violent C. why nations go to war D. why God permits bad things to happen to people

A

The author, Peter Callero, tells about some innocent people who were forced by a supervisor or boss to do ridiculous or embarrassing things that were completely unrelated to the job. In these instances, the person giving the orders .... A. was always of higher rank than the individual who had to do these actions B. called the police to arrest the person who refused to obey them C. was not able to get the employee to obey them, and had to punish them severely D. was always found to be criminally insane and not responsible for his/her actions

A

The biological process of childbirth is analogous to the cultural idea of "adoption." A. True B. False

A

The biological process of mating has an analogous (comparable) process that is cultural. This cultural idea is called marriage. A. True B. False

A

The idea of removing barriers that prevent people from succeeding is related to the concept of... A. negative freedom, or "freedom from something" B. positive freedom; the "freedom to do something"

A

The kinds of discussions and debates that occur WITHIN a political party (say, the Republican party or the Democratic party) _______ considered to represent a "social movement." A. are NOT B. are

A

The nuclear family includes a married couple (or equivalent) and the children as a unit. A. True B. False

A

The revolutions in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya (and other countries) were/are.... A. rebellions of the masses against an existing government B. uprisings of Sunni Muslims of the Taliban and Al Qaeda against Shi'a Muslims C. repressive actions taken by the established government of these countries against a small number of terrorists D. religious wars of Muslims against Christians and Jews

A

The root word (suffix) ---gamy refers to "marriage" A. True B. False

A

Unilineal descent systems consider only one side of a family---the mother's side or the father's side. A. True B. False

A

When we say that "smokers have 20 times the risk of developing lung cancer compared to non-smokers," we are saying.... A. We will probably see that some smokers will not develop lung cancer. B. No non-smokers will develop lung cancer. C. If you do not smoke, you will not develop lung cancer. D. All smokers will develop lung cancer.

A

Why does the illegal drug trade so often become violent? A. Because an illegal drug dealer cannot very well call the police to enforce a contract, or appeal to the legal justice system to resolve disputes B. Because the people who deal illegal drugs do not have the social capital (knowledge) to resolve disagreements without violence. C. Because the people who are drawn to the illegal drug trade are simply violent people by nature D. none of these

A

Your "kin" are your relatives. A. True B. False

A

Your brother is your collateral relative. A. True B. False

A

Your first cousins are your aunt or uncle's children. A. True B. False

A

Your mother-in-law (your spouse's mother) is an affine. A. True B. False

A

Your sister's husband is your affine. A. True B. False

A

_____ involves both removing barriers to action and also creating the context within which people can actually do something. A. positive freedom B. negative freedom C. legal freedom D. choice

A

The author Peter Callero uses the story of his watching the tv show "Tarzan" to introduce the concept of "the priming effect." What is "the priming effect"? A. It refers to the importance of something. In the story, television is of primary importance in the boy's life. B. It refers to the concept of "laying the groundwork" or getting something ready. If someone or something is "primed," then they are "ready to go." C. It refers to the concept of prime numbers. Video games use a series of prime numbers in programming. D. none of these

B

"Any rules or regulations that specify how products are made or harvested, or that regulate consumer safety are very harmful for free trade. The World Trade Organization should NOT support this kind of regulation." Would the author agree or disagree with this evaluation? A. the author would support the recommendation. He agrees that free trade is of paramount (most) importance. He would agree that the WTO should NOT support any regulation that would affect free trade. B. the author would argue that the world needs more regulation of "free trade" globally in order to protect workers and the environment. Thus, he would argue that the World Trade Organzation SHOULD support this kind of regulation

B

"Claimed descent" means that the relationship can be spelled out in some detail. A. True B. False

B

"Collective action" involves.... A. the actions of the mass media advertisers to persuade more people to purchase things B. individuals working together as a group for a common goal C. actions that individuals take to obtain money or objects (to make a "collection"). D. a government's efforts to get people to pay more in taxes

B

"Economic capital" is a concept that refers to.... A. a person's level of education and training B. a person's investments in stocks, bonds, rental property, or other real estate that produces cash income C. a person's salary level (wages) D. the number of friends and relatives that a person has

B

"Matrilocal" refers to a custom in which a newly married couple will go live with the man's family. A. True B. False

B

A "civic organization" is a group of citizens that is NOT part of the government. They join together to achieve some common goal. Which of the following would be an example of a civic organization? A. The US Senate or Supreme Court B. a group of people who form a group called "Protect the Red Cedar River" to help clean up the river every spring. C. the President of MSU and the Board of Trustees D. a group of students who play basketball every Friday night at MSU

B

A belief system is a group (system) of ideas that all fit together; one idea affects other ideas. Other concepts that are closely related to this idea include: A. education or training or certification B. ideology (system of ideas), or world view, or moral framework C. religion D. philosophy or psychology or anthropology

B

A farmer owns some land that is worth $100,000 on the local real estate market. That farm family uses the land to grow much of their own food, and has a few farm animals (cows, pigs, chickens) to provide food. The farmer's neighbor has $100,000 invested in stocks and bonds. Who has more "economic capital?" A. The farmer B. The farmer's neighbor

B

A kindred has definite boundaries. It is easy to know who is "in" a kindred group. A. True B. False

B

A rule of marriage that specifies that you must marry OUTSIDE a certain group of relatives is called a "rule of endogamy" A. True B. False

B

A sociological perspective looks at people's problems and behavior... A. as biological animals B. within the context of the larger society (the social group) C. as individuals D. as spiritual beings

B

A sociologist would say that "in order to understand a problem such as obesity or crime, we need to look FIRST at individual motivations and each individual's personality." A. yes B. no

B

A state (country) in which the government tries to maintain tight control over communication and the mass media is usually a/an.... A. individualistic B. authoritarian government C. democratic government D. socialist government

B

A type of collective action in which people come together to make some kind of social or political change is called..... A. a non-governmental agency (NGO) B. a social movement C. the social context D. a civic organization

B

A woman who received a dowry from her parents will also be entitled to an inheritance when the parents die. A. True B. False

B

American society, the law allows for polygamy. A. True B. False

B

Amy's father and Bob's mother were/are brother and sister. That makes Bob and Amy--- A. parallel cousins B. cross cousins

B

Are your siblings (brothers, sisters) counted in YOUR line of descent? A. yes B. no

B

Betty and Frank are brother and sister (siblings). They belong to a matrilineal clan. That is, they and their_____ are in the same clan. A. father B. mother

B

Bridewealth or bride service represents a price that the groom's family (the man's family) is paying to purchase a woman. A. True B. False

B

Conformity can refer to "agreement" or "following in time"(in geology) or "adapting to something" or "being in harmony." In sociology, however, the idea of conformity refers to.. A. the idea that individuals do not get to choose what society or culture they are born in. B. a person obeying the "social rules" that other people in the group expect. C. the idea that people are supposed to think for themselves D. a person standing out as different from everyone else in the group

B

Imagine that you are trying to get two groups of students to work together to solve a common problem. Which problem below would likely be the MOST effective in getting people to work together? A. give the whole group a problem to solve (such as "homelessness" or "global climate change") and a budget, and have them come up with a plan about what to do to solve the problem B. take the whole group to a homeless shelter in Lansing to serve dinner, but then secretly manage things (oops!) so that the food hasn't been cooked yet. They have one hour before 50 people arrive C. give the whole group a mathematical problem to solve, but don't let them use any paper or pencil---they have to do it all in their heads D. take the whole group to a homeless shelter in Lansing to serve dinner to poor people together. There are 50 homeless people to serve

B

In a patrilineal kinship system, the child joins the mother's kin group. A. True B. False

B

In general terms, the globalization of the world economy since the 1980s has led to.... A. high levels of social and economic mobility for most people in industrialized economies B. high levels of income inequality C. high levels of employment in developing countries D. none of these options are correct

B

Jobs that involve complex problem solving away from the oversight of a person's immediate supervisor (boss) are usually considered to be. _____jobs. A. lower class B. middle or upper class C. working class

B

Karl Marx, the political economist, argued that the economic individualism of capitalism results in a high degree of ______ between individual workers. A. cooperation B. competition

B

Kinship charts show genetic relationships A. True B. False

B

Matrilineal clans trace ancestry through the man's lineage. A. True B. False

B

On the last 20 years or so, people have been very concerned about the effects of video games on the brains and the behavior of young people. From the information given in the book, you realize that.... A. such dangers to the mind and brain of young people are very real and worrisome B. The mass media has predicted similar dangers associated with reading novels, comic books, and watching television. This concern with video games comes with a long history of similar concerns. C. The government has a responsibility to regulate what its citizens are able to read and do. Businesses are not going to regulate themselves. D. Young people in particular are affected by the violent content of modern video games---more so than adults, whose brains are fully developed

B

Peter Callero notes that it is well known that the mass media has an effect on people's behavior and attitudes. For example, people who watch a lot of crime shows on TV.... A. use the information to become criminals themselves B. become more fearful that they themselves will become a victim of crime C. develop a sense of sympathy with the criminals portrayed in the show D. develop a greater appreciation of the hard work involved in solving crimes

B

Psychology is the field of study that concerns individual mental functioning or mental illness; sociology looks at the individual.... A. as being "alienated" or separated from society B. as part of the larger context of society C. primarily as a biological organism D. as a deviant or a conforming person

B

Questions such as "are women, slaves, and Black people" politically equal to white men? What is the exact difference between the Great Apes and humans? What defines an individual? these are questions that the author Peter Callero terms issues of_____ A. individuality B. personhood

B

Rosa Parks was a person whose actions had large implications for the _______ social movement A. civil marriage B. civil rights C. gay rights D. gay marriage

B

Short-term or very local events such as a protest over wages at one store ______ be considered a social movement. A. would B. would NOT

B

The "ego" ( in ego-ism) refers to the.... A. individual's sense of belonging to a group B. individual's sense of a unique self C. individual's sense of connection to the whole universe D. concept of kinship (having relatives)

B

The "myth of individualism" is a perspective that argues that... A. individuals and society are inter-related B. individuals are separate from their social environment C. individuals are affected by the social groups that they live in D. individual behavior is determined by their family and their society

B

The Hawaiian (generational) kinship system separates out Ego's parents (lineal relatives) from Ego's aunts and uncles. A. True B. False

B

The Hawaiian kinship system distinguishes the mother's side of the family from the father's side of the family. A. True B. False

B

The Robbers cave experiment tells us that it is important that individuals within a group can see the "superordinate goal" of the group. What does "superordinate goal" mean? A. a goal that results in the authority figure showing approval B. something that clearly affects every individual--a common goal C. a goal that is abstract and imaginary--like "being nice" or "being a good citizen" D. a goal that is realistic and achievable

B

The World Bank, the World Trade Organization, and the International Monetary Fund are all multinational organizations that seek to .... A. persuade businesses to invest in less-developed countries of the world and provide jobs to people B. persuade different governments to change their policies to support free trade internationally C. get countries to coordinate their efforts to build sustainable communities to cope with climate change. D. persuade international businesses to pay fair wages and to pay attention to the effects of industry on the environment

B

The author Peter Callero points out that a skilled computer programmer in India earns... A. about the same as someone doing the same job in the USA B. about a quarter (25%) of the salary that a similar employee would earn in the USA C. about a quarter more (125%) of the USA programmer's salary D. none of these are correct

B

The author Peter Callero uses examples of how social and individual violence, gender stereotypes, and political resistance are affected by individual people's use of_____ A. higher education and critical thinking B. mass media C. mass incarceration D. torture and other strategies of political represssion

B

The author argues that social movements are "vehicles of democracy." What does that mean? A. Social movements are one way that the government can allow a certain amount of public participation in its policies B. Social movements help ensure that barriers to justice and equality are noticed and removed. C. When you see evidence of a social movement of any size, then you know that the government must be a democracy. D. Social movements appear only in democratic societies.

B

The author observes that Americans have a common cultural belief that says, "working hard leads to economic success." He points out, however, that in fact, many wealthy families in the USA obtained wealth from previous generations in their family. This method of transferring wealth from one generation to another is called... A. cultural belief B. inheritance C. individuality D. captialism

B

The author talks about the World Trade Organization. This is a group that consists of... A. the leaders of the world that occupy inherited positions in a monarchy B. business leaders from various countries C. labor union leaders from various countries D. the elected leaders of various countries

B

The author, Peter Callero, argues that sociology can help people create a better society. What kind of society does he think is a "good" society--one that we should try to be like? A. a society in which people who work harder than others are rewarded with economic benefits, high political status. They and their families receive preferential treatment from the law. B. a democratic society in which all individuals share basic civil rights and in which there is cooperation and justice. A society where the rights of minorities are protected from the "will of the majority" of people. C. totalitarian society, in which a central government (or ruling political party) makes most of the decisions that affects individuals D. imposed on the majority of people by a small minority of politically important and highly educated people.

B

The author, Peter Callero, argues that the "individualistic world view" is characterized by the ideas that... A. rely on a very post-modern conception of the individual B. individual autonomy and independence are "natural" C. "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few" D. the community goals are more important that individual needs and wants

B

The author, Peter Callero, distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. Which statement below is true? A. Negative freedom is the freedom that you have to do whatever you want B. Negative freedom is freedom from some restriction or barrier. C. Positive freedom is the sense of freedom that you have when you are free from all the rules that your parents might set for your behavior in high school. D. Positive freedom is the concept of being physically free

B

The author, Peter Callero, uses the word hyper-individualism to mean... A. a type of mental illness B. excessive and unhealthy extremes of individualism C. an example of constructive self-reliance D. the typical ideas shared by many Americans

B

The custom of the levirate or the sororate refers to gift exchanges that take place at marriage. A. True B. False

B

The era of globalization has resulted in large population movements of people.... A. moving from more wealthy countries to poorer countries to take advantage of the lower cost of living B. moving from poorer countries to more wealthy countries to do wage labor, particularly in the service industries

B

The examples in the Callero book about witches, about symbolic communication, about family and social class, and about capitalism were all intended to illustrate different...... A. case studies in the effects globalization and the global economy B. kinds of social forces or processes that affect individuals C. perspectives within the field of psychology and personality development D. ways of understanding the world about us

B

The idea of "the hero" starting social protests or bringing about social change is related to the American celebration of... A. parental authority B. individualism C. tradition D. inherited wealth

B

The main point of the author's discussion of sexualized images of men and women in the mass media is to point out that.... A. consumers and people who view mass media are so aware of this practice of sexualization that they tend to ignore these images entirely B. advertisers and other businesses that pay for including these images in the mass media are consistently creating a certain image of men and women that does not necessarily have much relationship to reality C. government regulators are not doing their job of preventing the publication of highly sexualized images of men and women in the mass media D. consumers and people who read and view advertisements are most interested in the price, quality, and functioning of the products that are advertised

B

The political upheaval in Egypt in 2012 that led to the ruler's (President Mubarak's) resignation involved extensive communication between people who were using.... A. new forms of mass media that allow government and other large groups such as business to purchase hours of radio and TV time. B. new forms of individual-based mass media such as text messaging and twitter C. established mass media such as newspapers and magazines D. none of these

B

Your first cousins are your cousin's children. A. True B. False

B

Your grandfather smoked a pack of cigarettes each day for 80 years. He never got lung cancer; he died of kidney failure at age 96. This example shows that... A. while smoking cigarettes can cause cancer, the connection between smoking and cancer is very "loose" and indefinite B. while a smoker's chance of getting cancer is much higher than a non-smoker's, some individual smokers will not necessarily get lung cancer C. cigarettes do not cause cancer D. if a person smokes, he/she is sure to die of lung cancer

B

Your sister is your lineal descendent. A. True B. False

B

Your spouse (husband or wife) is your consanguineal relative. A. True B. False

B

________ governments are usually ruled by a dictator (tyrant, king, "president for life") who maintains control over the mass media. A. Socialist B. Authoritarian C. Democratic D. Communist

B

"Remittances" are payments of cash that people in one country send to their relatives in another country. The people who SEND remittances "back home" are usually.... A. living and working in poor countries such as Mexico and the Philippines B. people who were born and raised in the wealthiest countries, and who belong to the wealthy class C. migrant workers who were born in the poorer countries of the world

C

A "free press" is free of what? A. public oversight and management B. accountability (the moral and legal obligation to present truthful and accurate information) C. government control D. paying taxes

C

A "moral framework" is a set of overall beliefs and assumptions that people have that guide their actions. What is the idea of "moral" mean here? A. that some ideas are forbidden by law. Some beliefs and actions are legal and some are illegal. B. that ideas cannot be judged by others. Every idea or action is equally important and valuable C. that certain ideas and assumptions and actions are valued more than others are D. all of these

C

A "structural problem" is one that would require a solution that is ______ in scale. A. historical B. individual C. social D. legal

C

A psychologist might examine the Unibomber (Ted Kaczynski) as a case of mental illness. A sociologist might be interested in this case as... A. an example of the dangers of learning about moral relativism B. an example of the difference between "Mind" and "Brain" C. an illustration or case study of how a person's culture and society affects the way in which mental illness is expressed D. an example of the biological basis of human emotions and behavior

C

A student's cultural capital affects the teacher's expectations for the student's academic potential. According to the discussion in Callero's Chapter 4, what are these kinds of cultural capital that teachers value? A. the student's grade level B. the history of variations interactions that the teacher has had with other members of the student's family. C. a student's manners, how they interact with adults, how they speak D. the reputation and social importance of the student's family

C

A system or group of related ideas that fit together is called... A. sociology B. anthropology C. ideology D. biology

C

According to Peter Callero, high-school age people in the USA...... A. read far more books and magazines than they did in the past B. use mass media mostly in the form of texting and telephoning friends C. are engaged nearly all their waking hours in some form of mass media D. all of the above

C

American society is generally quite individualistic. This concept that the individual person operates according to his/her own will, thoughts, values, and knowledge. This idea is called.... A. democracy B. socialism C. individualism D. communism

C

Amy's father and Becky's father were/are brothers. That makes Amy and Becky A. second cousins B. cross-cousins C. parallel cousins

C

An example of "the mass media" includes... A. personal diaries and letters sent from one individual to another B. the instructions printed on products such as toothpaste, shampoo, boxes of cake mix, and other foods C. magazines, the internet, television, movies D. the content of the Congressional Record---the text of every word spoken in the US Congress

C

BECAUSE Americans generally believe that "anyone who works hard can get ahead in life," Americans tend to attribute their own successes to... A. their family connections B. their family support and encouragement C. their own efforts D. the government assistance that they received through tax rebates, student loans, and infrastructure such as roads, water supply, garbage pickup, and public schools

C

Groups of people such as friends and relatives, and institutions such as schools and churches make up.... A. "culture" B. "tradition" C. "society" D. "the environment"

C

IF one believes (as many Americans do) that the most important factor affecting success is an individual's hard work, THEN the logical conclusion is that... A. poor people have been kept in their place legal and also informal discrimination B. rich people have benefitted from good luck C. poor people are lazy and don't work hard enough D. a person's family background is important in affecting a person's future success in life

C

If people at a family reunion are able to tell you exactly how they are related to one another, you would say that, in that kin group, membership is____ A. unilineal B. assumed C. stipulated D. corporate

C

Imagine that you are in charge of a program that is intended to bring Palestinian and Israeli teenagers together to foster peaceful relationships in the Middle East. You remember the Robbers Cave experiment and so therefore, the first thing you do is.... A. you can assign the Israeli teens to play football against the Palestinian teens. They can work out their aggression or grievances on the playing field. B. make sure the Palestinian teens and the Israeli teens have separate sleeping and eating facilities C. put the entire group of teenagers together to solve a real problem that affects everyone. D. you can make sure the groups have "ice-breaker" activities that involve games and friendly competition between the groups

C

In Chapter 4, the author describes two different boys (young men) in the USA, and their different experiences in life. The point the author is making with this example is to show that... A. differences in social class are not particularly significant in modern society in the USA B. differences in family structure (two parents or single parent) and lifestyle define and determine social class in the USA. C. differences in social class in the USA are expressed in everyday life experiences, behavior, language D. differences in income level are the most important defining characteristic of social class in the USA

C

In Stanley Milgram's experiments with electric shocks, he found that... A. males (in general) were able to tolerate more pain than females were. B. males and females responded differently to the experiment C. people (both males and females) tended to obey orders D. females (in general) questioned the "teacher's" orders, while males (in general) did not

C

In a culture like the USA, when workers are laid off or struggle to find steady work, they and other people tend to explain this problem by referring to... A. the lingering effects of the Great Recession of 2008 B. the global economic situation C. the person's individual situation and efforts D. the recent changes in the economy to "the new capitalism."

C

Many people including Callero have pointed out that a dominant value or world view in American society is that of... A. the idea that people are best understood within the context of the social relationships within the family B. reverence and high regard of history, tradition, and "the ancestors" C. the primary importance of the individual D. high regard for literature, arts, and music

C

Negative freedom is sometimes thought of as "freedom from..." This kind of freedom refers to ... A. changing people's behavior by forbidding certain actions. B. limiting people's choices to those that are realistic C. removing barriers that prevent someone from doing what they wish to do D. providing people with the tools or knowledge they need to do what they wish

C

Newspapers, books, comics, radio, television, movies, and video games are called... A. social capital B. public goods C. the mass media D. governmental agencies

C

Peter Callero (the author) talks about a boy who grows up "on the streets" who knows the "code of the streets"---that is, where to get drugs to sell, where the gang territory limits are, and so on. This knowledge is a form of... A. economic capital B. employment capital C. cultural capital D. unemployment capital

C

Peter Callero argues that American's basic optimism is shown by their views that... A. if you come from the right family, you'll have no trouble in getting ahead in life B. a person's past efforts have little relationship to future success C. anyone can get ahead if they work hard enough D. one's success in life depends on making a good marriage

C

Peter Callero says that in comparison with other Western capitalistic countries, Americans are in general the most likely to believe that.... A. there is a God that determines an individual's success in life. B. a person's success in life depends on basic intelligence and family relationships C. an individual's own hard work contributes a great deal to whether that idividual succeeds in life D. life success depends on an individuals' family connections and inherited wealth

C

Peter Callero states that the economic evidence that tracks people's ability to move from poverty to economic prosperity shows that moving out of poverty is _______ it was 20 years ago. A. much easier than B. about the same as C. much harder than

C

Peter Callero, the author, tells us about Bridget Bishop, who was executed as a witch in the USA in 1692. By calling her a "witch," people in the commuity were saying that.... A. she was really irritating and obnoxious to others; she was a difficult person to get along with B. she was already dead, and her ghost was haunting other people C. she was not really a real human being and did not deserved to be treated as one D. all of the above

C

Rosa Parks represents a famous resistance movement in the USA. This resistance movement was concerned with... A. the US's participation in the Opium Wars B. the debate about the entry of the USA into World War II C. the rights and social status of African-American (black) citizens in the USA. D. the Boxer Rebellion

C

Sociology is the social science that focusses on the study of... A. the brain B. the individual C. society (social groups) D. human biology

C

The Robbers Cave experiment involved a study of group dynamics among... A. two different religious groups B. men in prison C. boys at a residential summer camp D. two different college sports team

C

The Robbers cave experiment was designed to test .... A. how long people could live in the wilderness by finding their own food B. what motivates people to do their best in a competitive situation C. how competition between groups affects social relationships both within and between the groups D. how willing people are to obey an authority figure, even if it means that they will have to inflict pain on someone else.

C

The World Trade Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund are all organizations whose mission is to... A. represent the workers and the consumers (ordinary citizens) in political and economic discussions between different countries B. work against foreign investment in a given country's natural resources, factories, and real estate (that is, help each country keep ownership of its natural resources restricted to its own citizens) C. support and facilitate free trade in the global economy, and minimize regulations on trade D. increase the political role of Asian countries in the world

C

The author Peter Callero argues that sometimes we focus too much on the individual's role in creating social change. Rather, he says, we need to examine also the..... A. the role of mass media in shaming people into behaving in preferred ways B. the role of tv and other visual images in creating scandals and spreading gossip C. social context of that change D. political institutions of democracy that allow change to happen

C

The author Peter Callero makes the point that the "new capitalism" affects... A. only Western countries B. mostly developing countries (those that have relatively small economies) C. many different countries around the world D. primarily lower-class or working class people (those who work in factories)

C

The author Peter Callero talks about a "mothering chain" that links... A. mothers with local teenage girls (and boys) who are willing to do baby-sitting after school and on weekends B. people who agree informally to baby-sit each other's children when needed C. people in different countries where are "mothering" (acting as mother) to someone else's children for pay D. a world-wide linkage of mothers who are able to help each other with advice and support by using the internet

C

The author Peter Callero's idea of "hyper- individualism " emphasizes that commonly-accepted American vaues such as independence, self-reliance, and individual freedom of choice .... A. are in limited supply in America today B. are a direct result of "european-style" socialism C. can "too much of a good thing" and so become destructive to individuals and to society also D. can be thought of as a form of mental illness

C

Social cognition is a "conversation with one's self." What does this concept mean? A. It means that we are able to imagine "what other people might say" about something B. It means that we are able to imagine or play different "roles" or positions within an imagined world C. It means that when we think we are using symbolic communication (as a group act) within our own minds D. all of these are correct

D

The author argues that democracy is a "social process." What does that mean? This idea of a social process emphasizes that... A. social movements represent a war between the authority figures in society and the masses B. the authority figures in society such as government or business leaders must make sure that the masses of the people do not make trouble for those in power C. democracy involves individual and also group action---voting, passing laws, and also fixing things that people perceive to be wrong. D. democracy is a stage of human cultural evolution. The process is that of cultural evolution over time.

C

The author argues that in the USA, a person's social class is likely to be determined to a great extent by his/her..... A. salary level B. individual efforts and hard work C. upbringing and family background D. none of these are correct

C

The author argues that modern communication technology has made it increasingly difficult for anyone or any government to control communication. What are these "modern communication technologies" that he is talking about? A. sonar and radar B. newspapers and magazines C. the Internet, world wide web, and cell phones with cameras D. radio and television

C

The author expresses concern that, in this time of globalization, the World Trade Organization's decisions are dominated by the interests of.... A. the rural and less-developed countries of the world B. the environmental lobbyists C. large multinational corporations (businesses) D. countries that have democratically-elected and effective leaders

C

The author makes the case that a "social pattern".... A. are rarely true over the long term (years and decades) B. are negated (proven wrong) by even one individual example that does not adhere to the same general trend C. does not have to hold true in 100% of all possible examples. Social patterns refer to general trends. D. affect only those individuals who are of good family and have many social and economic advantages

C

The author talks about the WTO. What IS the WTO? It is most similar to... A. a global bank B. a very large family-based and family-run business C. an elite international club D. an international Board of Trustees or a City Council, with elected members

C

The author writes about the priming effect of violent television shows. When children watch a violent television show before going out to play, their activities on the playground become _____ violent than those children who did not watch the show. A. less B. about the same C. more

C

The author, Peter Callero, argue that in modern industrial society, social groups are.... A. of very little importance any more B. primarily occupational groups (profession or job groups) C. so numerous that people feel torn between the different demands of membership in many different groups D. few in number. Most people belong to just one social group, usually the family group

C

The author, Peter Callero, argues that personal troubles such as unemployment, or obesity, or drug addiction SHOULD be viewed and treated as... A. society's problem. The individual case is just a symptom of a social problem and the individual cannot be held responsible for these issues B. the result of individual poor choices and ignorance C. a combination of individual choices with a larger scale social context D. individual behavior that indicates the person lacks character and motivation

C

The author, Peter Callero, argues that positive freedom (the "freedom to...") assumes that... A. freedom is defined by removing barriers to action B. freedom does not involve just removing barriers to action. C. two of these options are correct D. freedom involves realizing that one can have a legal right without having a realistic chance of actually utilizing that right

C

The author, Peter Callero, argues that the World Trade Organization (WTO) operates for the benefit of.... A. developing countries (those that are not so wealthy) B. small businesses in many different countries (such as individually-owned companies that are privately owned and not traded as stock) C. large businesses and multi-national corporations (such as Coke, Pepsi, Yum foods, Nike, Xerox, Monsanto, Toyota, and so on) D. rich governments (states such as the USA, China, Japan, Germany) E. individual consumers and purchasers of various goods and services

C

The author, Peter Callero, tells about some innocent people who were forced by a supervisor or boss to do ridiculous or embarrassing things that were completely unrelated to the job. This example is meant to illustrate.... A. that a strong leader does not tolerate any disagreement or dissent. B. that evil people are all around us and we must be careful to think for ourselves C. that many otherwise "good" people will follow orders from a person in authority, even if those orders are ridiculous or evil. D. that people are "herd animals" and rarely think for themselves. They just follow along with whatever "everyone else" is doing.

C

The author, Peter Callero, tells the story of the Nigerian family that he met in graduate student housing as an example of different societies' (American and Nigerian) attitudes about... A. gossip, as compared with factual news B. mental illness and cultural differences C. individualism and communal parenting D. fact compared to opinion

C

The mythical or metaphoric ancestor that is the head of a clan is a____ A. matriarch B. patriarch C. totem D. ancestor

C

The point of the descriptions of a upper-middle-class boy's life and a working-class boy's life in the USA is to show... A. how differences in family composition (who is in "the family" is a good predictor of social class in the USA B. how the social class system in the USA is very similar to that in Europe C. how social class in the USA shapes a person's life experiences and access to resources D. how social class in the USA is strongly predicted by a person's age

C

The series of political rebellions, uprisings, and revolutions that took place in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011 and 2012 (and some are continuing) are termed... A. the North African Revolt B. the Tunisian revolution C. the Arab Spring D. the Arab-Israeli war

C

The social science discipline of psychology focusses (mostly) on the study of the ______ A. family B. society C. individual D. group

C

Social movements such as the labor movement, the feminism movement, the civil rights movement, and (recently) marriage equity movement are usually trying to rectify some sort of perceived.... A. irrationality B. religion C. demand D. injustice

D

What does the discussion of mass media and the Arab Spring have to do with "the individual and society"? This example shows that... A. the idea of individualism permeates (is found throughout) the mass media B. the violence that is commonly portrayed in the mass media (for example, in violent video games) has contributed to social unrest and public violence in political protest such as those in Tunisia C. the mass media provide a way for individuals to communicate and coordinate their actions as a group D. the mass media's emphasis on making money through advertising has resulted in individuall people feeling more and more isolated

C

Your line of descent includes what relatives? A. all your 'blood' relatives (genetic relations) B. all your 'in-laws' including your spouse C. all your immediate ancestors (mother, father, grandparents) and your immediate descendents (children, grandchildren) D. all of the relatives on your mother's side

C

_____ kinship ties are often used as "courtesy titles" A. Clan B. Tribe C. Fictive D. Kindred

C

_____________is defined as a belief system that privileges the individual over the group, the private over the public, and the personal over the social. A. freedom B. autonomy C. individualism D. self-reliance

C

"Cultural beliefs" are used to justify and legitimate customs and actions and institutions. One cultural belief that was used by the upper class slave owners to justify slavery was that... A. slaves were not really fully human, or were not as intelligent or capable as non-slave people; therefore, former slaves would be unable to support themselves with their own efforts B. the slaves were better off being slaves than trying to make it in the world on their own. They were happier and more content having someone else "take care" of them. C. slavery was God's will; it was the natural order of the world. It was even in the Bible (the Jewish and Christian sacred text). D. all of these were once widespread cultural beliefs in the USA. (in fact, there are still some people who likely still believe them--I have heard all three comments made by politicians in the USA in the last couple of years)

D

"Free trade" is free of what? A. consumer input into issues of health and safety and environmental impacts B. business concerns about making a fair profit for the traders, a fair return on investment for investors, and a fair wage for workers. C. any regulation by international agreements regarding the rules of trade (commerce) between countries D. regulation by various governments

D

"Resistance" is the word that social scientists use to describe how how people in a social movement try to have an impact on the authorities. What are some examples of resistance? A. confronting "the other" with a list of explicit problems or objections B. staging rallies and demonstrations; bringing large numbers of people together to make a statement; having a strike or stopping/slowing down work C. collecting signatures of support D. all of these are common strategies used to change

D

A social movement consists of people... A. forming a group in order to accomplish a specific group task (such as "clean up the city" day in East Lansing) B. believe in the same religious doctrine. C. who happen to belong to a given organization (such as MSU alumni) D. getting together to try to change some basic institution or practice in society

D

A sociological perspective views the individual and society as.... A. one and the same; identical in every respect B. affected by economic trends C. separate but equal D. mutually affecting each other; inter-twined

D

A structural solution to a problem of drug addiction would focus on the scale of... A. passing laws that make addiction a crime B. individual counseling and monitoring C. helping the family of the addict cope with the addict's behavior D. assessing what addiction treatment hospitals or clinics are available in the person's geographic location

D

According to Peter Callero, most Americans believe that ______ is the most important factor that determines whether a person will do well in life. A. inherited intelligence and personality traits B. family background and heritage C. the socio-economic class of the family D. individual effort and hard work

D

According to Peter Callero, most Americans say that "hard work" is a/an ________than a person's family origins and wealth in affecting whether that person will do well in life. A. much less important factor B. a contributing factor, but not an important one C. insignificant factor D. much more important factor

D

In an individualistic society, people tend to see problems as.. A. the result poor child-rearing ("blame the mother") B. something that cannot be solved C. a fact of life in modern industrial society D. the result of individual choices

D

Sociology concerns the study of social forces. What is a "social force"? A. past and present social institutions such as marriage and the justice system B. past and present laws that concern marriage, inheritance, end-of-life care, health care and insurance C. past and present assumptions about how one behaves, attitudes toward other groups of people (such as minorities, gendered groups, economic classes) D. all of these are "social forces"

D

In general, the author's discussion of the World Trade Organization shows that he believes that.... A. decision-makers in the WTO are not elected and are therefore not accountable to the people of the country that they represent. B. the WTO advocates only for multinational business owners, and does not serve the interests of most lower-class and middle-class people around the world. C. the WTO does not pay enough attention to worker safety, environmental impacts and sustainability, and issues of fair wages. D. all of these are correct representations of the author's position

D

In order to be considered a "social movement," public demonstrations, meetings, boycotts, marches, and other events must be...... A. long-lasting, over a period of years B. supported by a significant number of people who are highly engaged C. represent a challenge to established ways of doing things, or established institutions. D. all of these are correct

D

In the Robber's Cave experiment, one hypothesis was testing whether non-competitive social interactions between groups of boys would________ A. result in bonding the two groups more closely together B. help establish friendly relationship between the groups C. reduce social tension or competitiveness between the groups D. all of these

D

In the USA, the concept of individualism can sometimes be taken to extremes. This extreme individualism can be seen in... A. the decreased number of people involved in community organizations or political activity since about 1960. B. the decreasing number of adults who play sports in some local league or team (that is, actually play the sport, they are not just watching professional sports) C. a decrease in the number of Americans who things as a family together D. all of these

D

Jobs that are considered to be lower class or working class tend to be those that are... A. not requiring much independent decision-making B. relatively simple C. repetitive in nature D. all of these are correct

D

Many different organizations provide organizational structure, education, leadership, and funding for a social movement. These organizations can be.... A. religious groups that are national in scale B. local community organizations C. groups that represent the government's position "the status quo" ("the way things are now") D. only the first two answers are correct

D

Mohamad Bouazizi was the man in Tunisia who killed himself by setting himself on fire to protest the unreasonable regulations that kept him from making a living as a small street vender. The author uses this example to show that mass media can be used as a strategy of... A. political resistence, reform, and revolution B. communication with people who are living all over the world C. oppression and political control D. two of these are correct answers for this example

D

Mohamad Bouazizi was the man in Tunisia who killed himself by setting himself on fire to protest the unreasonable regulations that kept him from making a living as a small street vender. What did the government of Tunisia do to control communication and the spread of videos and other images of his death? A. the government put out a counter-mass media campaign that explained why the regulations of street vendors were so strict B. the government outlawed the possession of cell phones. C. the government confiscated (took away) the cellphone cameras that various protesters were using to take photos. D. the government banned the use of Facebook, Twitter, You Tube and other internet sites

D

One of the goals (hypotheses) of the Robbers Cave experiment was to test whether the two different groups would be able to work together if they..... A. did not share a common language B. competed on an individual level---that is, each individual acted only for himself against every other individual C. first separated into different religious sub-groups (so that individuals were working only with people that shared their same religion) D. had to work together in one group to solve a problem that clearly affected everyone in the whole group

D

Peter Callero (the author) says that "although the USA is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, most Americans have very little economic capital." How can that be? A. individuals do not value the accumulation of wealth B. Americans as a group are not interested in saving money and investing C. the economic capital in the USA is held by large numbers of middle-income people D. a few extremely wealthy people own most of the economic capital

D

Peter Callero argues that in capitalism, a person's social class refers to.. A. the amount of wealth their family has B. their income amount C. where their parents and grandparents are from D. how they earn their money--from being a business owner, or from being a person who works for wages

D

Peter Callero says that in comparison with other Western capitalistic countries, Americans are in general the most likely to believe that.... A. There is a God that determines an individual's success in life. B. a person's success in life depends on basic intelligence and family relationships C. life success depends on an individuals' family connections and inherited wealth D. an individual's own hard work contributes a great deal to whether that idividual succeeds in life

D

Peter Callero tells about a man (Tim Dewey) who was laid off from work repairing airplanes, and ultimately was re-hired as a temporary worker, doing the same task for less money.The author notes that this "downward mobility" is _________ A. an old story in America; things have always been much like this scenario B. a typical experience for people in any capitalistic economy C. simply part of "the American Dream." D. a relatively new experience for most skilled workers in America

D

Peter Callero titles Chapter 1 as "Individualism: the Power of a Myth." What is this "myth of individualism" that he is talking about? A. The "myth of individualism is the American ideal: Americans generally approve of the idea that individual people are independent of others, rely only on themselves to make it in life, and can make free choices based on their own needs and desires B. The "myth of individualism" is a story or legend that Americans tell themselves that it is natural and inevitable and morally good that individual human beings act for their own self-interests C. The "myth of individualism" is an idea or world view that Americans have in which they value the individual's thoughts and experiences over that of the group; D. All of these are correct

D

Students often say, "but I did all the work for class and I studied hard. Why didn't I get a good grade?" These students are not appreciating that.... A. studying hard does not guarentee success in a class B. studying hard may be a necessary but not a sufficient condition (not enough to get a good grade). C. studying hard increases the likelihood that a student will do well in a class D. all of these options are correct

D

The "new capitalism" is characterized by an increased number of jobs that are... A. dependable B. highly paid C. predictable D. temporary

D

The American Civil War was fought (in part) over the institution of.... A. political rights for refugees B. the Catholic Church C. gay marriage D. slavery

D

The Robber's Cave experience shows that the best way to get people to work together productively is to .... A. make sure they are striving for a common goal B. make sure that everyone in the group is really needed to pitch in to achieve the goal C. make sure that everyone in the group needs the end result of the goal (they all have "skin in the game"--they all want that goal) D. all of these

D

The Robber's Cave experiment was and still is an important experiment in how .. A. how honest people are B. how to prosecute war crimes and other criminal behavior C. how people deal with criminals such as robbers D. people behave in groups

D

The author Peter Callero argues that we should pay attention to the "social context" of world events. What does he mean by "social context?" A. the organization of the political system and the laws that operated at the time of the event B. the religious groups and other civic organizations that were involved in some event C. the prevailing attitudes and assumptions that people had at the time of the event D. all of these form the "social context."

D

The author Peter Callero notes that many factory jobs in the USA have gone to people who live in developing countries of Asia and Latin America, and many Asian and Latin American people are moving to the USA to perform.. A. mostly intellectually demanding work such as legal and financial services B. work as computer programmers C. work in the skilled trades such as carpentry, plumbing, and electrical work. D. services such as child care and elder care, yard work, and also farm labor

D

The author Peter Callero points out that the economic forces responsible for unemployment have also contributed to public support for more prisons. What is the logic between unemployment and prison? A. Unemployed people who cannot make a legal living turn to illegal activities in order to survive. B. The jobs that are available in prisons, such as prison guards and administrators, represent stable jobs that cannot be out-sourced to a foreign country where labor costs are lower. C. Participation of now-unemployed people in illegal activities and the "underground" economy tends to be associated with an increase in violence for resolving problems. So there is more violence, and more people arrested for violent crimes--thus, more prisons are needed. D. all of these are factors

D

The author argues that highly sexualized advertisements and images are harmful to the extent that... A. they rely on stereotypes and perpetuate (reinforce) concepts of masculinity and femininity that the advertisers themselves value, and serve the purposes of the advertisers to sell more products B. these images lead to people having unrealistic expectations for their own and other people's bodies, and for what is in fact the "normal range of variation" in appearance C. images and text lead people to devalue certain types of people and relationships, and to have unrealistic expectations of adult behavior D. the author argues that all of these are true

D

The author argues that the World Bank and other global capitalist institutions are pressuring different countries to "privatize public health and retirement." What does privatize mean in this context? It means that... A. individuals would be free to move to any country that they felt had a good health care system and retirement system B. individual people would have to join health care and retirement plans that are run by large (non-governmental) companies C. the organization of the World Bank would form a global "safety net" to ensure that minimum standards of health care and retirement income would apply to citizens of all countries D. individual people would be responsible for paying for their own health care and for their own retirement.

D

The author expresses concern that the decisions made by the World Trade Organization do NOT consider the needs of... A. endangered species B. religious institutions C. multinational business organizations D. most people in most countries

D

The author makes a distinction between Economic Capital and Cultural Capital. What is economic capital? A. assets such as land that a person uses to grow their own food; or a house that a person uses to live in B. money that is used to buy food and clothing C. a person's social connections and ability to get other people to do them favors. D. money and other assets that can be invested or used to make a profit (more money)

D

The author makes the point throughout the book that totally unrestricted free trade in the global economy tends to lead to... A. a poor return on investment for both large and small shareholders B. greater global sustainability of the environment C. greater equality of wealth distribution D. greater wealth inequality

D

The author points out that in the 1700s, China and the USA were engaged in the trade of tea, silk, spices, furs, and other items. So what is different about "globalization" today? A. global trade today is tightly regulated and taxes heavily by each country B. the rise of the internet has meant that labor costs are roughly the same around the world C. global trade today is nationalized and channeled thorugh the World Bank and other regulatory agencies. Individual companies do not organize and carry out their own trades. D. global exchanges occur so much faster today and affect far more people than they did in the past.

D

The author refers to a saying, "He was born on third base but acts as if he hit a triple." This saying refers to baseball (where the batter runs three bases and then to home plate to score a "run"). What does this saying mean? A. People often believe that sports are the most important thing in life. B. People often pretend to be rich and successful when they are not. C. A person cannot depend on other people to help in life; you're on your own, basically. D. People often don't appreciate how many social and economic advantages they have.

D

The author talks about issues such as restrictions on child labor, laws that improved the level of the safety and oversight in dangerous jobs, and levels of wages and benefits . These issues were all part of the 1800s labor movement in the USA. These issues were about.... A. civil rights B. tax reform C. gender equity D. economic justice

D

The author talks about the WTO and its impact on the global economy. What is the WTO? A. West Texas Ornithologists B. the foundation run by William Thomas Orlando C. World Triple Overseers D. World Trade Organization

D

The author, Peter Callero, argues that American political culture is associated with concepts of freedom and liberty. But, he says, A. you cannot have freedom if you have to consider how your actions might impact other people B. freedom is meaningless unless one is operating within a democracy C. freedom and liberty work at cross-purposes. You cannot have both freedom and liberty in the same society D. people differ on what "freedom" and "liberty" really mean

D

The author, Peter Callero, argues that China provides a better business climate for factory owners who are looking for workers. What factors does he include in this idea of "better business climate"? (What makes China such a good place to open a factory?) A. the low level of business taxes and regulations for worker health and safety B. the very large number of potential workers C. the relatively good infrastucture, including electricity, water supply, internet, roads, and air travel D. all of these

D

The author, Peter Callero, argues that a psychologist or psychiatrist who was trying to understand the motivations and actions of a person like the Unabomber would interview that particular person in order to understand.... A. how society at large defines and conceives of mental illness; the institutions and laws having to do with mental illness B. the historical context of the Unabomber's life--what was the context in which he grew up? What did he study in school? C. the issue of economic class, employment history, and choice of career D. the individual experience of mental illness and brain function

D

The author, Peter Callero, argues that false beliefs sometimes become widely accepted and end up affecting many people's behavior. He calls these widespread false beliefs... A. legends B. ideology C. sagas D. myths

D

The author, Peter Callero, defines individualism as A. a religion that emphasizes the individual's experience with the supernatural B. a research focus that considers the relationship between individual biology (diet, illness, genetics) and individual thought and personality (the connection between brain and mind) C. the democratic political organization that gives one person=one vote. D. a belief system, shared by individuals and also a great many members of the whole society

D

The author, Peter Callero, describes a Man called Theodore John Kaczynski (say "kah-ZIN-skee") became known as the "Unabomber." THE AUTHOR argues that the Unabomber's writings show an extreme committment to... A. democracy B. religious ideology C. communism D. radical individualism

D

The author, Peter Callero, refers to a novel (Walden Two, by B. F. Skinner) that describes a "communal lifestyle." What does "communal" mean in this context? A. communist--- people live under a centralized government that makes political and economic decisions for them. B. communism---in the sense of every sharing all of their possessions. There is no private property C. personal autonomy. People are free to do whatever they like. D. everyone shares the tasks of daily life: eating, working, educating children.

D

The author, Peter Callero, tells about some innocent people who were forced by a supervisor or boss to do ridiculous or embarrassing things that were completely unrelated to the job. In these instances, the supervisors justified their actions by saying.... A. "I was making a psychological study of obedience, and I wondered how my employee would respond." B. "I just wanted to see what would happen." C. "I was just playing a joke on them. I can't help it if they are so dumb that they didn't get the joke." D. "I was just following orders"

D

The author, Peter Carello, argues that hyper-individualism can become... A. an excuse for people to avoid responsibility for their own actions; they can blame "society" for their problems. B. almost a religion to some people; a way for them to cope with loneliness and isolation C. a way of achieving social and economic success in a capitalistic economy D. selfish; destructive of ideas of cooperation that are important to society as a whole

D

The book by Peter Callero addresses the question of "personhood" from the perspective of... A. psychology B. anthropology C. political science D. sociology

D

The main difference between the mass media information in the past and in the present is that now, .... A. information gets circulated and distributed far more widely in the past---to all different types of audiences B. information circulates much faster than in the past C. information is much more readily available on the internet; nearly everyone in industrialized society has access to information D. all of these are correct

D

The messages sent over mass media include.. A. gossip, opinion, information that is not true B. information that political candidates distribute about their own positions and about their opponent's opinions C. advertisements to encourage people to buy things D. all of these

D

The novel by George Orwell, 1984, is often read in US high schools. This novel concerns a communal society. In this context, "communal" refers to the idea that everyone in this society... A. shares the work and the responsibilities of governing B. everything is peaceful and relaxed C. there are no economic class differences (no poor people; no rich people) D. is controlled by a small group of elite decision-makers

D

The problem with the concept of freedom, says Callero, is that ... A. people cannot be trusted to act according to their own judgment B. people generally make self-destructive decisions C. the concept is so vaguely defined D. one person's freedom to act can limit someone else's freedom

D

What does "exploitation" mean in the context a social movement? A. A member of the exploited group may be excluded from positions of leadership or decision-making B. An exploited group may not be able to access the same resources (a college, perhaps) as a member of a dominant group C. An exploited group may receive lower wages for the same work, compared to the dominant group. D. all of these are examples of "exploitation"

D

What is "cultural capital"? It includes ideas, beliefs, and values that are learned while a person grows up. Examples might include... A. the cash value of the wealth that one receives from the previous generation (inheritance) B. income level and cash savings C. ones' willingness to work hard to succeed in life D. ways of thinking, talking, behaving; different skills, competencies, experiences, and preferences

D

When the USA constitution was written in 1787, nearly ____% of the country's inhabitants were not allowed to vote, own property, serve in political office. A. 10 B. 30 C. 60 D.90

D

When the author talks about social class and "access to valuable social resources," what does he mean by that? What is an example of a valuable social resource for economic success in the USA today? A. access to education, literacy (being able to read), access to safe schools, access to job training and to jobs B. access to safe housing, access to a dependable and stable family situation C. access to mentors; access to knowledge about how to solve problems and cope with set-backs (problems); access to advice about growing up and becoming an adult D. all of these are social resources that are valuable in our society in the USA

D

You might be asked to be in charge of a group in which the members come from different subgroups. For example, you might have a group consisting of both boys and girls. You remember the lesson of the Robbers Cave experiment. In order to get everyone to work together as a whole, you therefore.... A. You make sure that the two subgroups have plenty of time together to do things that are enjoyable: you organize events and parties to bring them together B. divide the large group into two competitive subgroups, boys vs girls. You set each sub-group to a task to see which one will do it faster. C. divided the group into smaller sub-groups, and then divide the task so that each small group is responsible for one small part of the whole task. Then you have them compete against one another. D. develop a problem or a task that requires the individuals from different sub-groups to work together to solve the problem.

D

"Moral relativism" is the idea that "other people's ideas may have value, even if we disagree with those ideas." But some people take moral relativism to extremes. In that case, they might use "moral relativism" to convey the concept of... A. "whatever" B. "everyone's opinions are as good as anyone else's" C. "nothing can be evaluated or judged as good or bad because it just depends on your point of view" D. "there is no such thing as good or evil." E. all of these are expressions of extreme or excessive moral relativism

E

A social movement represents a challenge to the "status quo" (the way things are right now). Usually the "status quo" is represented by "the government" but in fact a social movement can seek revision within.... A. private social organizations such as a golf club or yacht club that might refuse to admit women, or black members, or gay members B. the use of the internet by anonymous "trolls" who leave messages with insults and threats C. a religious organization such as the Catholic Church D. A & B E. A & C F. B & C

E

Fred and Amy are both in the Loon clan. Fred refers to Amy as his "sister." What can you conclude about their relationship? A. They might be siblings, sharing the same mother and father B. They might be cousins C. They are considered to be too closely related to marry D. They will probably behave together like siblings would E. All of the above

E

Imagine that a middle-to-upper class high school teacher makes about $80,000 per year. A working class person who does roofing also makes $80,000 per year. IF their earnings are the same, why is the roofer considered to be lower in social class? A. The roofer did not need a college degree to qualify for that job B. The roofer is likely self-employed, while the teacher is (by definition) not self-employed C. The roofer's job is much more predictable and repetitive. D. A and B E. A and C F. B and C

E

The Great Recession of 2008 in the USA was characterized by... A. many people lost their jobs. Those who remained employed lost a good deal of the money that they had invested in the stock market. B. the demand for housing collapsed, and many people could not afford to pay their mortgages on their houses C. major banks in the USA and also Europe collapsed, and were not able to pay their loans D. some large corporations lost much of their stock value E. all of these things happened

E

Your "collateral relatives" include... A. your nephews and nieces B. your aunts and uncles C. your siblings D. your cousins E. all of these relatives are collateral relatives

E

Your "collateral relatives" include... A. your nephews and nieces B. your cousins C. your aunts and uncles D. your siblings E. all of these relatives are collateral relatives

E

The author, Peter Callero, assumes a "sociological perspective." What does this perspective entail? A. being aware that society and "social forces" act on individuals like a giant "puppet master," preventing individuals from having "free will." B. being aware that individuals are always part of some kind of society, and that individual actions and options do operate within a social context C. being aware of the fact that individual are trapped in the social conditions that they inherit from the previous generations---conditions that cannot be changed D. being aware of the social forces that affect individual actions and options E. A & B F. A & C G. A & D H. B & C I. B & D J. C & D

I