IT 101 Midterm - TFS
Natural language processing
: a form of data input in which computers interpret and digitalize spoken words or commands
Folder window
A File Explorer window that displays the contents of a folder, drive, or device
Presentation
A PowerPoint document that lets you create and deliver a dynamic, professional-looking message to an audience in the form of a slide show
Settings app
A Windows 10 app containing nine touch-friendly categories of the most commonly used Windows settings; more advanced settings are found in the Control Panel desktop app
Insertion point
A blinking vertical line that appears when you click in a paragraph, cell or text box; indicating where new text or an object will be inserted
Bootstrap program
A built-in startup program that executes a series of tests to check components, including the RAM, keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices, and checks their settings
Relative reference
A cell reference that changes when the formula containing that reference is moved to a new location
Absolute reference
A cell reference that does not change when the formula containing that reference is moved to a new location
Cell address
A cell's location, expressed by its column letter and row number, such as A1
Boolean operators (search operator)
A character, word, or symbol that focuses a web search
Video card
A circuit board that processes image signals
Unicode
A coding systems that represent text and symbols in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text
Wiki
A collaborative website where you and your colleagues can modify and publish content on a webpage
Database
A collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
File
A collection of information stored on your computer, such as a text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song
Productivity suite
A collection of productivity apps such as Microsoft Office 365, Apple iWork, G Suite, or Apache OpenOffice
Workbook
A collection of related worksheets contained within a single file
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
A collection of technologies used by software publishers and trade groups to fight software piracy and prevent unauthorized copying of digital content; includes authentication, certificates of authenticity, encryption, and digital watermarks
Control panel
A collection of utility programs that determines how Windows appears and performs on your computer
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device; a GUI controls how you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images such as icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands
Name
A component of a function or formula that indicates what will occur. For example SUM is the name of a function
Application (app) (program)
A computer program that performs specific tasks
Relational database
A database that consists of a collection of tables that can be joined through a common field; each table contains information on a specific subject, stored in the same file
Mobile first design
A design principle centered on building apps to work on mobile devices first because these typically have more restrictions, such as smaller screens
Vector
A format for storing digital images that tend to be simple images composed of shapes, lines, and diagrams
Internet
A global collection of millions of computers linked together to share information
Chart
A graphic that represents data using bars, columns, dots, lines, or other symbols to make the data easier to understand and to make it easier to see the relationships among the data
Spreadsheet
A grid of cells that contain numbers and text; in Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet is called a worksheet
Bitmap/raster
A grid of square colored dots, called pixels, that form a picture; also, a file containing a graphic that consists of a bitmap
On-screen keyboard
A keyboard displayed on-screen that includes keys for typing text, numbers, and symbols
SQL (Structured Query Language)
A language that provides a standardized way to request information from a relational database system
Trendlines
A line that represents the general direction in a series of data
View-only link
A link to a workbook on a OneDrive that can be viewed by users
Shortcut menu
A list of frequently used commands that relate to an object, typically displayed by right-clicking; the commands on a shortcut menu are related to the item you right-clicked
Menu
A list of related items, including folders, applications, and commands
Website
A location on the World Wide Web that contains webpages linked together
Formulas
A mathematical statement in a spreadsheet or table cell that calculates a value using cell references, numbers, and arithmetic operators such as +, -, *, and /
Operators
A mathematical symbol used in a formula to combine different values, resulting in a single value that is displayed within the cell
Style
A named collection of formats that are stored together and can be applied to text or objects
Folder
A named location on a storage medium that usually contains related documents
Function
A named operation that replaces the action of an arithmetic expression
Macros
A named set of instructions written in the Visual Basic programming language that perform tasks automatically in a specified order
Server
A powerful, high-capacity computer you access using the Internet or other network; it stores files and "serves" them, that is, makes the files available to, users; usually grouped at a location called a data center
Apple iWork
A productivity suite for computers running macOS and iPhones and iPads running the iOS operating system
Device driver
A program that controls a device attached to your computer, such as a printer, monitor, or video card
Hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS)
A protocol used to make a secure connection to a computer; often used by banks and retail stores.
Sparkline
A quick, simple chart located within a cell that serves as a visual indicator of data trends
Window
A rectangular-shaped work area that displays an app or a collection of files, folders, and Windows tools
Worksheets
A single sheet in a workbook file that is laid out in in a grid of rows and columns
Digital pen
A small device, shaped like a pen, that you can use to draw, tap icons, or tap keys on an on-screen keyboard, similar to a stylus, but is more capable because it has programmable buttons
Icon
A small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device
Relational database management system (RDBMS)
A software program in which data is organized as a collection of tables, and relationships between tables are formed through a common field
Presentation software
A software program used to organize and present information in the form of an electronic slide show
Wildcard
A special symbol that substitutes for unknown characters in search text; the most common are the question mark (?), which stands for any single character, and the asterisk (*), which represents any group of characters
Webpage
A specially formatted document that can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other webpages
Pivot table
A spreadsheet table designed to create meaningful data summaries that analyze worksheets containing large amounts of data
Protocol
A standardized procedure used by computers to exchange information
Cloud
A storage area located on a server that you access through the Internet or a network
Clipboard
A temporary Windows storage area that holds the selections you copy or cut so you can use them later
Slide show
A term used to describe a PowerPoint presentation
File extension
A three- or four-letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a filename that identifies the file as a particular type of document, such as .docx or .xlsx
Flash memory
A type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten
What-if analysis
A way to explore the impact that changing input values has on calculated values and output values
Read-only access
A way to share files so others may read the file, but cannot change it
Dialog boxes
A window with controls that lets you tell Windows how you want to complete an application program's command
Internet of Things (IoT)
Aa environment where processors are embedded in every product imaginable (things), and these things communicate with one another via the Internet or wireless networks
Report
An Access object that creates a professional printout of data that may contain enhancements such as headers, footers, and calculations on groups of records
Paint apps
An app designed for drawing pictures, shapes, and other graphics with various onscreen tools, such as a text, pen, brush, eyedropper, and paint bucket
Web apps
An app stored on an Internet server that can be run entirely in a web browser
Presentation app
An app that lets you create visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group
Native app
An app written for a specific operating system and installed on a computer or mobile device
Local application
An application that runs from the hard drive of a local computer
Buffer
An area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device
Web directory
An online guide to subjects or websites, usually arranged in alphabetic order. Also called a subject directory
App store
An online store to help you locate and download apps for your mobile device
Apache OpenOffice
An open source suite of productivity apps
Input
Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device
Productivity apps
Apps for personal use that you may use to create documents, develop presentations, track appointments, or to stay organized
Utility
Apps or programs that enable you to perform maintenance-type tasks related to managing the computer or device
Graphics and media apps
Apps that allow you to interact with and edit digital media
Video editing apps
Apps that allow you to modify a segment of a video, called a clip
Personal interest apps
Apps that give you tools to pursue your interests
Drawing apps
Apps that let you create simple, two-dimensional images, which are often vector graphics
Photo and image editing apps
Apps that provide the capabilities of paint apps and let you enhance and modify existing photos and images
Device management apps
Apps that provide tools for maintaining your computer or mobile device
Communications apps
Apps that provide tools for sharing or receiving information
Portable apps
Apps that run from a removable storage device such as an external hard drive or flash drive, or from the cloud
Mobile apps
Apps that you access on a smartphone or tablet
Power-on self-test (POST)
At startup, a sequence that tests all computer components for proper operation
Scroll bars
Bars on the right edge (vertical scroll bar) and bottom edge (horizontal scroll bar) of a document window that let you view a document that is too large to fit on the screen at once
Optical media
CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs (BDs), use laser technology for storage and playback
Word processing software
Commonly used software to create documents and reports, mailing labels, flyers, brochures, newsletters, resumes, letters, and more
Input device
Communicates instructions and commands to a computer. Common ones are keyboard, mouse, stylus, scanner, microphone, and game controller
Personal computer operating system
Computers designed for personal use, as opposed to commercial or industrial use
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing the data into information
Executable file
Contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps
Output device
Conveys information from the computer to the user. Common ones include displays, speakers, headphones, projectors, and printers
Information
Data that has been processed to become meaningful
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
E-commerce model in which businesses provide goods and services to consumers; the most widespread example is online shopping
Business-to-business (B2B)
E-commerce model in which businesses provide goods and services to other businesses
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
E-commerce model in which consumers provide goods and services to other consumers; the most widespread example of this is online auctions
Virtual machine
Enables a computer or device to run another operating system in addition to the one installed
Built-in functions
Features in spreadsheet apps that perform financial, mathematical, logical, date and time, and other calculations
Gamepad
Game controller held in both hands that controls the movement and actions of players or objects
Dance pad
Game controller that is a flat, electronic device divided into panels that users press with their feet in response to instructions from the video game
Joystick
Game controller with a handheld vertical lever, mounted on a base, that you move in different directions to control the actions of the simulated vehicle or player
G suite
Google's web-based productivity applications for creating documents, spreadsheets, presentations, email, and calendars
Mobile operating system
Has features similar to those of a desktop operating system, but is focused on the needs of a mobile user and the capabilities of the device
Button
Icon you click to execute commands you need to work with an app
User accounts
Identifies to Windows the resources, such as apps and storage locations, a user can access when working with the computer
Records
In Access and Excel, a row of data in a table, representing a complete set of field values for a specific person, place, object, event, or idea; also called a tuple
Tables
In Access, a collection of records for a single subject, such as all of the customer records; the fundamental building block of a relational database because it stores all of the data
Index
In Access, a database object that is created based on a field or combination of fields. Also, a field property that keeps track of the order of the values in the field, and a list that relates field values to the records that contain those values
Query
In Access, an object that provides a spreadsheet-like view of data, similar to that in tables; it may provide the user with a subset of fields and/or records from one or more tables. Also, SQL commands that are used to retrieve data
Form
In Access, an object that provides an easy-to-use data entry screen that generally shows only one record at a time
Controls
In Access, any form or report element such as a label, text box, or combo box. In Windows, an object used to manipulate a window or to use a program
Web
In Computer Concepts, a collection webpages located on computers around the world, connected through the Internet
Pointing device
In Computer Concepts, a device used to point to and select specific objects on the computer screen. Examples of point devices include a mouse, touchpad, and trackball
Template
In Computer Concepts, a document that has been preformatted for specific purpose (such as an invitation, a brochure, a flyer, a cover letter, or a resume)
Data file
In Computer Concepts, a file that contains words, numbers, and pictures that you can manipulate. A spreadsheet, a database, a presentation, and a word processing document all are data files
Web-based applications
In Computer Concepts, a program that you access over the Internet, in a browser on your computer or on your mobile device
Digital certificate
In Computer Concepts, a technology used to verify a user's identity by using a digital key and that has been "signed" by a trusted third party. This third party verifies the owner and that the key belongs to that owner
ASCII
In Computer Concepts, an 8-bit coding scheme, which means that 8 bits are used to represent uppercase and lowercase letters, mathematical operators, and logical operations
Plug-and-play devices
In Computer Concepts, devices that begin functioning properly as soon as you connect them to your computer
Virtual memory
In Computer Concepts, the capability of an operating system to temporarily store data on a storage medium until it can be "swapped" into RAM
Clock speed
In Computer Concepts, the speed at which a processor can execute instructions. Clock speed either can be measured in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz)
Argument
In Excel and Access, and in Word tables, information necessary for a formula or function to calculate an answer
Documents
In Excel, to make notes about basic worksheet assumptions, complex formulas, or questionable data
Tile
In PowerPoint, a button on a Power View navigation strip that is used to group data It is also a shaded rectangle that represents an app or other resource
Animations
In PowerPoint, an effect applied to an object that makes the object appear, disappear, change, or move
Library
In Windows, a special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device
Close button
In a Windows title bar, the rightmost button; closes the open window, app, or document
Field
In an Access or in an Excel table or PivotTable, a column containing a specific property for each record, such as a person, place, object, event, or idea
Output
Information processed into a useful form such as text, graphics, audio, video, or any combination of these
Big data
Large and complex data sources that defy easy handling with traditional data processing methods
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Law that requires any company with 15 or more employees to make reasonable attempts to accommodate the needs of physically challenged workers
Shortcut
Link to a file, folder, or app that appears on the desktop
Windows server
Microsoft server operating system that includes advanced security tools and a set of programs called Internet Information Services that manage web apps and services
Microsoft Office 365
Microsoft's productivity suite which includes word processing, spreadsheets, and presentation apps, as well as Microsoft Outlook for email, Microsoft OneNote for note taking, and Microsoft Access for databases
Platform-specific
Mobile apps designed for a specific operating system like Android or iPhone
iOS
Mobile device operating system that runs only on Apple devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod; derived from macOS
UNIX
Multitasking operating system with many versions, as the code is licensed to different developers
Server OS
Multiuser operating system because it controls a single, centralized server computer that supports many users on networked computers
Resources
On a computer system, the components required to perform work, such as the processor, RAM, storage space, and connected devices
Program window
On a desktop or laptop computer, displays a running program
Restore down button
On the right side of a maximized window's title bar, the center of three buttons that reduces a window to its last non-maximized size; in a restored window, this button changes to the Maximize button
Maximize button
On the right side of a window's title bar, the center button of three buttons; used to expand a window so that it fills the entire screen
Minimize button
On the right side of a window's title bar, the leftmost button of three buttons; use to reduce a window so that it only appears as an icon on the taskbar
Chrome OS
Operating system based on Linux that uses the Google Chrome browser as its user interface, and primarily runs web apps
Android
Operating system developed by Google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones and tablets
Read-only memory (ROM)
Permanently installed memory on your computer attached to the motherboard. The ROM chip contains the BIOS, which tells your computer how to start
Spooling
Placing data into a buffer
Clip art
Premade pictures and symbols you can use in electronic documents
Disk cleanup utility
Program that finds and removes unnecessary files, such as temporary Internet files or files in the Recycle Bin, and frees up disk space by reorganizing data
Open source
Programs and apps (including operating systems) that have no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification and redistribution; users can add functionality and sell or give away their versions to others
Application software
Programs that help you perform specific tasks when using your computer or smartphone
Closed source
Programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling them to control and profit from the program they create
Administrator account
Provides full access to the computer; additional responsibilities associated with an administrator account include installing programs and apps, adjusting security settings, and managing network access
macOS server
Server operating system that supports all sizes of networks and servers; lets authorized users access servers using their iPhones or other Apple devices
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software that is distributed online for a monthly subscription or an annual fee
Conditional formatting
Special formatting that is applied if values meet specified criteria
Default settings
Standard settings that control how the screen is set up and how a document looks when you first start typing
Cell
The box formed by the intersection of a column and a row
Kernel
The core of an operating system; memory, runs programs, and assigns resource
Page orientation
The direction in which content is printed on the page
Transitions
The manner in which a slide appears on the screen in place of the previous slide during a slide show
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
The most common way to transfer information around the web; when the URL for a webpage starts with http://, the web browser uses this protocol for transferring the information
macOS
The operating system for Apple desktop and laptop computers; includes the Siri virtual assistant, coordination with Apple mobile devices, and cloud file storage
Windows
The operating systems for Microsoft machines; supports the Cortana virtual assistant, touchscreen input, HoloLens headsets, and built-in apps such as the Microsoft Edge browser
File format
The organization and layout of data in a file
Virtualization
The practice of sharing computing resources, such as servers or storage devices, among computers and devices on a network
Format
The process of changing the appearance of text and objects
Slide master
The template for the slides in a presentation that contains theme elements and styles, text formatting, the slide background, and other objects that appear on all the slides in the presentation
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
The webpage address that identifies the location of the file on the Internet
Active window
The window you are currently using, shown in front of any other open windows
M-commerce (mobile commerce)
These apps let you use your mobile device to make online purchases of goods and services
Sort
To organize data, such as table rows, items in a list, or records in a mail merge, in ascending or descending order, based on criteria such as date, alphabetical order, file size, or filename
Filter
To specify a set of restrictions to only display specific database records, online images, or files
Cross-platform
Tools that developers can use to build apps that work on multiple platforms, rather than writing different code for Android or iPhone devices
Document management tools
Tools that protect and organize files and let you share documents with others
Boot process
Triggers a series of steps and checks as the computer loads the operating system
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
U.S. law that requires that public schools purchase or acquire funding for adaptive technologies
Linux
UNIX-based operating system for desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets; distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others, or to sell
Motherboard
a circuit board inside a computer that contains the microprocessor, the computer memory, and other internal devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
a complex integrated circuit that consists of millions of electronic parts and is primarily responsible for converting input (data) into meaningful output (information)
Embedded computer
a computer that functions as one component in a larger product, and which has a specific purpose
Peripheral device
a device such as a keyboard, mouse, printer, or speakers that can connect to and extend the capacity of a computer
Smart devices
a device that can communicate, locate, and predict; part of the IoT
Scanner
a device that converts a paper image into an electronic file that you can open and work with on your computer
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
a device that maintains power to computer equipment in case of an interruption in the primary electrical source
Surge suppressor
a device that prevents power fluctuations from damaging electronic components
Multitouch screens
a display that can respond to multiple fingers touching the screen simultaneously
Byte
a field size for number fields that allows entries only from 0 to 255
Cookie
a file created by a website and that stores information on your computer, such as your website preferences
Paging file
a file on a hard disk that windows uses to hold parts of programs and data files that do not fit in RAM
Touchscreen
a flat surface that is touch sensitive, and you move your finger around the touchpad to move the pointer on the screen
Kiosk
a freestanding booth usually placed in a public area that can contain a display device used to show information to the public or event attendees
Solid State Drive (SSD)
a hard drive without moving part, and is faster and more durable than magnetic drives
Cache
a holding area where your browser keeps a copy of each webpage you view. This temporary storage area helps speed up processing time
Hits
a list of matched results from an internet search
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
a nonprofit group that sets standards to allow devices, services, and applications to work together across the internet
Creative Commons (CC)
a nonprofit organization that makes it easy for content creators to license and share their work by supplying easy to understand copyright licenses; the creator chooses the conditions under which the work can be used
General search engine
a nonspecialized search engine designed to find general results; includes google, bing, and yahoo
Binary system
a number system that has two digits, 0 and 1
Stylus
a pen shaped digital tool for making selections and entering information on a touchscreen
Laptop
a portable computer that is smaller than the average briefcase and light enough to carry comfortably
Mobile device
a portable or handheld computing device, such as a smartphone or a tablet, with a screen size of 10.1 inches or smaller
Green computing
a practice that involves reducing electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using computers, mobile devices, and related technologies
Operating system (OS)/platform
a program that manages the complete operation of your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it
Browser
a program, such as Microsoft edge, that is designed to display webpages
Usage right
a right that indicates when you can use, share, or modify the images you find online
Specialty search engine
a search engine that lets you search databases, news providers, podcasts, and other online information sources that general search engines do not always access
Specialized search tools
a search tool that concentrates on specific resources, such as scholarly journals or the United States Congress
Encryption
a security method of "scrambling" information as it is transmitted over a network. Information is scrambled in such a way that it cannot be read unless the user possesses the "key" to unlock it back to a readable format
World Wide Web (WWW)
a service consisting of websites located on computers around the world, connected through the internet
Port
a slot on the computer or device where you can attach a peripheral device
Tablet
a small, flat computer with a touch sensitive screen that accepts input from a digital pen, stylus, or your fingertip
3D secure
a standard protocol for securing credit card transactions over the Internet
Trackball
a stationary pointing device with a ball anchored inside a casting, as well as two or more buttons
Breadcrumbs
a step in the path you follow to display a webpage
Benchmark
a test run by a laboratory or other organization to determine processor speed and other performance factors
Wheel
a type of game controller that mirrors the functionality of a steering wheel in a vehicle
Augmented Reality (AR)
a type of virtual reality that uses an image of an actual place or thing and adds digital information to it
IP address
a unique number that identifies every computer on the internet; consists of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255 separated by periods, or dots, as in 216.35.148.4
Responsive design
a way to provide content so that it adapts appropriately to the size of the display on any device
Web portal (portal)
a website that combines pages from many sources and provides access to those pages
Media sharing site
a website that enables members to manage media such as photos, videos, and music
Content aggregator
a website that gathers, organizes, and then distributes web content
Fair Use Doctrine
allows you to use a sentence or paragraph of text without permission if you include a citation to the original source
Web server
an Internet computer that stores webpages
Electronic storefront
an e-commerce website selling products or services
Computer
an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data to produce information, and store that information for future use
Search tool
an electronic tool that finds online information based on criteria you specify or selections you make
USB hub
an external device that contains many USB ports
Chip and Pin Technology
an improvement in card technology that stores data on an embedded chip instead of a magnetic stripe
Game controller
an input device you use when playing a video game
Public domain
an item, such as a photo, that is available and accessible to the public without requiring permission to use, and therefore not subject to copyright
Online social network
an online community where users can share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users via a social networking website, such as Facebook, Google Plus, Twitter, Instagram, or Snapchat
Subject directory (web directory)
an online guide to subjects or websites, usually arranged in alphabetic order
Desktop operating system
an operating system installed on a single computer
Copyright
an originator's exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, or sell intellectual property
Digital assistants
apps like Amazon's Alexa or Apple's Siri that use natural language processing to respond to your verbal commands or questions, using search technology to provide answers or perform a task, such as adding an item to a grocery list
Gigabytes (GB)
billions of bytes of data
E-commerce
business transactions that occur over an electronic network such as the internet
Intelligent classroom
classroom in which technology is used to facilitate learning and communication
Personal computer (PC)
computer designed for personal use, as opposed to commercial or industrial use
Desktop computer
computer that typically consists of the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse
Printer
creates hard copy output on paper, film, and other media
Vacuum tubes
cylindrical glass tubes that controlled the flow of electrons, used in the first generation of computers
Swap file
data that cannot fit in RAM and uses an area of the hard disk called virtual memory
Information Technology (IT) department
department in medium and large businesses responsible for ensuring that all the computer operations, mobile devices, and networks run smoothly
Alternative text (alt text)
descriptive text added to an object
Bus width/word size
determines the speed at which data in a computer travels
Integrated circuits
developed in the 1960s, packed the equivalent of thousands of vacuum tubes or transistors into a silicon chip about the size of your thumb
Projector
displays visual output from a computer on a large surface such as a wall screen
Motion-sensing controller
game controller that allows users to guide on screen elements with air gestures
Digital (computer) literacy
having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the web, and related technologies
Field name
in Access, Excel, Publisher, or in a Word table, a column label that describes a data field
Keywords
in Office, terms added to a file's document properties that help locate the file in a search
Navigation bar
in a browser, a set of buttons or hyperlinks that allows visitors to move to any page within a website
Citation style
in a formal reference to a published work such as a book, journal, magazine, or website, the sequence of elements and the punctuation between them; common ones include MLA, APA, or Chicago
Citation
in a research paper, a reference to a source; usually in parentheses at the end of a sentence
Hyperlinks
in access, a data type for fields that store a link to a webpage, file, or email address
Webcams
in computer concepts, a camera built in to a computer, which is primarily used for videoconferencing, chatting, or online gaming
Search engines
in computer concepts, software used by search sites to locate relevant webpages by creating a simple query based on your search criteria and storing the collected data in a search database
Address bar
in computer concepts, the part of a browser window that displays the location of the current webpage
Domain name
in computer concepts, the portion of a URL or email address that identifies one or more IP addresses, such as cengage.com
Navigate
in computer concepts, to move from one webpage to another in a browser
Headsets
includes one or more headphones for output, and a microphone for input
Keyboard
input device that contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue commands
Cameras
input devices that support adding pictures or videos to a computer
Intellectual property rights
legal rights protecting those who create works, such as photos, art, writing, inventions, and music
Control unit
manages the flow of instructions within the processor
Nonvolatile
memory that does not lose its content when power is removed
Volatile
memory that loses its contents when power is removed
Megabytes (MB)
millions of bytes of data
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
one of the leading organizations that set guidelines for the web and that work together to write web standards
Headphones
output device that consists of a pair of small listening devices that fit into a band placed over your ears
Speakers
output devices used to convey audio output, such as music, voice, sound effects, or other sounds
Digital citizen
person familiar with how to use technology to become an educated and productive member of the digital world
BYOD (bring your own device)
policy that enables employees to use their personal devices to conduct business
Multi-core processor
processor with multiple cores
Data
raw facts, such as numbers or text
Audio books
reads aloud to the user instead of the user reading on a printed page or the screen
Mobile health (mHealth)
refers to healthcare professionals using smartphones or tablets to access health records stored in the cloud, and patients using digital devices to monitor their conditions and treatments
Enterprise computing
refers to the use of technology by a company's employees to meet the needs of a large business
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
responsible for performing arithmetic operations in the CPU
Restore
returning an operating system or files to their default settings or migrating back to the operating system's previous version
Blogs
short for web log, an informal website consisting of date or time stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format
All-in-one computer
similar to a desktop computer, but the monitor and system unit are housed together
Transistors
smaller, cheaper, and more reliable replacement for vacuum tubes
Crawlers/Spiders
software that combs the web to find webpages and add new data about them to a database
Graphic organizers
software that enables a user to create an outline or structure of information
Speech recognition programs
software that helps a user to input data or information verbally
System software
software that runs a computer, including the operating system
Earbuds
speakers that are small enough to place in your ears
External hard drives
storage drive housed in a separate case, and typically connected to your computer using a USB cable
Processor cache
stores frequently used data next to the processor so that it can easily and quickly be retrieved
Cloud storage
storing electronic files on the internet, not on a local computer; often called storing data "in the cloud"
Screen reader
technology that uses audio output to describe the contents of the screen
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
technology used to encrypt data that helps protect consumers and businesses from fraud and identity theft when conducting commerce on the Internet
Microprocessor (processor)
the "brains" of a computer; a chip that contains a central processing unit
Information literacy
the ability to find, evaluate, use, and communicate online information
Word stem
the base of a word, used in a web search to broaden a search
Hardware
the device itself and its components, such as wires, cases, switches, and electronic circuits
Digital divide
the gap between those who have access to technology and its resources and information, especially on the Internet, and those who do not
Firmware
the instructions on the ROM chip
Home page/start page
the main website around which a website is built that opens every time you start a browser
Ethics
the moral principles that govern people's behavior, many schools and other organizations post codes of conduct for computer use, which can help you make ethical decision while using a computer
Hard drive
the most common storage medium on a computer, can be magnetic or solid state
Mouse
the most common type of pointing device used with computers
Software
the programs and apps that instruct the computer to perform tasks and processes data into meaningful information
Robotics
the science that combines engineering and technology to create and program robots. Robots are useful in situation where it is impractical, dangerous, or inconvenient to use a human
Form factor
the shape and size of a computer
Bit (binary digit)
the smallest unit of data a computer can process
Cycle
the smallest unit of time a process can measure
Random access memory (RAM)
the storage location that is part of every computer and that temporarily stores open apps and document data while a computer is on
Artificial intelligence (AI)
the technological use of logic and prior experience to stimulate human intelligence
Top-level domain
the three letter extension after the period in a domain name, the TLD identifies the type of organization associated with the domain
Virtual reality (VR)
the use of computers to stimulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space
Kilobytes (KB)
thousands of bytes of data
Plagiarism
to copy or use someone else's work and claim it as your own
Paraphrase
to restate an idea using different words from the original; paraphrasing someone else's idea still constitutes plagiarism, which is claiming someone else's idea as your own
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
used by manufacturers to streamline production and ship products more quickly. With it, robots perform work that is too dangerous, detailed, or monotonous for people
Microphone
used to enter voice or sound data into a computer
Intelligent workplace
uses technology to enable workers to connect to the company's network, communicate with each other, use productivity software and apps, meet via web conferencing, and more
Machine to Machine (M2M)
using computers to monitor computer assembly lines and equipment
Voice synthesizer
voice output that converts text to speech
Learning Management System (LMS)
web-based sites where students can check their progress in a course, take practice tests, and exchange messages with the instructor or other students
Telecommuting
working from home via computer