ITA LẦN 2

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41) The total amount of digital information that can be transmitted through any telecommunications medium is measured in A) bps. B) Hertz. C) baud. D) gigaflops.

41) Which of the following can force a business and its competitors to compete on price alone? A) transparent marketplace B) high product differentiation C) poor process efficiency D) demand control

42) A firm can exercise greater control over its suppliers by having A) more suppliers. B) fewer suppliers. C) global suppliers. D) local suppliers.

21) An example of a collaboration tool that supports colocated, asynchronous collaboration is A) a team room. B) e-mail. C) a MUD. D) a wall display.

21) Which of the following is NOT an IT infrastructure service component? A) operating system software B) computing platforms to provide a coherent digital environment C) physical facility management to manage the facilities housing physical components D) IT management services to plan and develop the infrastructure and provide project management

21) ________ refers to policies, procedures, and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alternation, theft, or physical damage to information systems. A) "Security" B) "Controls" C) "Benchmarking" D) "Algorithms"

22) Based on your reading of the chapter, e-commerce is A) still in a revolutionary phase. B) widely accepted by consumers, although technology is still quickly changing. C) not yet fully accepted by consumers, although much of its driving technology is firmly in place. D) well entrenched as a form of modern commerce.

23) In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have concerning rights to intellectual property fall within the moral dimension of A) property rights and obligations. B) system quality. C) accountability and control. D) information rights and obligations.

23) Place the following eras of IT infrastructure evolution in order, from earliest to most recent: (1) Cloud Computing Era (2) Client/Server, (3) Enterprise Era, (4) Personal Computer, and (5) Mainframe and Minicomputer. A) 4, 5, 3, 2, 1 B) 5, 4, 2, 3, 1 C) 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 D) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3

23) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective of A) survival. B) improved business practices. C) competitive advantage. D) improved flexibility.

25) According to the ________ definition of organizations, an organization is seen as a means by which primary production factors are transformed into outputs consumed by the environment. A) microeconomic B) macroeconomic C) sociotechnical D) behavioral

25) Unauthorized access is a security challenge that is most likely to occur in which of the following points of a corporate network? A) client computer B) communications lines C) corporate server D) internal corporate back-end system

25) Which of the following non-digital data storage items is most similar to a database? A) library card catalog B) cash register receipt C) doctor's office invoice D) list of sales totals on a spreadsheet

26) In TCP/IP, IP is responsible for A) disassembling and reassembling of packets during transmission. B) establishing an Internet connection between two computers. C) moving packets over the network. D) sequencing the transfer of packets.

26) The use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals is called A) profiling. B) phishing. C) spamming. D) targeting.

26) You have been asked to implement enterprise software for a manufacturer of kitchen appliances. What is the first step you should take? A) Select the functions of the system you wish to use. B) Select the business processes you wish to automate. C) Map the company's business processes to the software's business processes. D) Map the software's business processes to the company's business processes.

27) Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ________. A) redundancy B) repetition C) independence D) partitions

27) Interpretations of Moore's law assert that A) computing power doubles every 18 months. B) transistors decrease in size 50% every two years. C) data storage costs decrease by 50% every 18 months. D) none of the above.

27) When tailoring a particular aspect of a system to the way a company does business, enterprise software can provide the company with A) configuration tables. B) Web services. C) data dictionaries. D) middleware.

27) Which of the following objectives best describes the business strategy behind the development of smart grid initiatives by power companies, as discussed in the chapter case? A) operational excellence B) new products and services C) competitive advantage D) customer support

27) Which systems are typically a major source of data for other systems? A) transaction processing systems B) management information systems C) executive support systems D) decision-support systems

28) A DBMS makes the A) physical database available for different logical views. B) logical database available for different analytical views. C) physical database available for different analytical views. D) logical database available for different physical views.

28) The Internet poses specific security problems because A) it was designed to be easily accessible. B) Internet data is not run over secure lines. C) Internet standards are universal. D) it changes so rapidly.

28) Which of the following would NOT be considered a disruptive technology? A) instant messaging B) e-mail C) Internet telephony D) PCs

29) Accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make is referred to as A) responsibility. B) accountability. C) liability. D) due process.

29) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples of A) raw input. B) raw output. C) customer and product data. D) sales information.

30) A large bureaucracy existing in a slowly changing environment that produces standard products and is dominated by centralized management making is classified by Mintzberg as a ________ bureaucracy. A) machine B) professional C) divisionalized D) multidivisional

30) An independent computer program that copies itself from one computer to another over a network is called a A) worm. B) Trojan horse. C) bug. D) pest.

30) To use the analog telephone system for sending digital data, you must also use A) a modem. B) a router. C) DSL. D) twisted wire.

30) What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? A) Knowledge is hard to move. B) Knowledge is universally applicable. C) Knowledge works only in certain situations. D) Knowledge is intangible.

31) The lowered costs of information storage, processing, and communication, along with the improvement of data quality, has resulted in which unique quality of e-commerce? A) information density B) richness C) customization D) interactivity

32) In 2004, ICQ users were enticed by a sales message from a supposed anti-virus vendor. On the vendor's site, a small program called Mitglieder was downloaded to the user's machine. The program enabled outsiders to infiltrate the user's machine. What type of malware is this an example of? A) Trojan horse B) virus C) worm D) spyware

32) Oracle Database Lite is a(n) A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices. B) Internet DBMS. C) mainframe relational DBMS. D) DBMS for midrange computers.

32) The multitasking, multi-user, operating system developed by Bell Laboratories that operates on a wide variety of computing platforms is A) Unix. B) Linux. C) OS X. D) COBOL.

32) Which of the following Internet connection types offers the greatest bandwidth? A) T3 B) DSL C) cable D) T1

33) Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of A) practice. B) professionals. C) interest. D) knowledge.

33) Which of the following is not one of the five steps discussed in the chapter as a process for analyzing an ethical issue? A) Assign responsibility. B) Identify the stakeholders. C) Identify the options you can reasonably take. D) Identify and clearly describe the facts.

33) Which of the following statements is NOT true about information technology's impacts on business firms? A) It helps firms expand in size. B) It helps firms lower the cost of market participation. C) It helps reduce internal management costs. D) It helps reduce transaction costs.

34) A colleague of yours frequently takes for his own personal use small amounts of office supplies, noting that the loss to the company is minimal. You counter that if everyone were to take the office supplies, the loss would no longer be minimal. Your rationale expresses which historical ethical principle? A) Kant's Categorical Imperative B) The Golden Rule C) The Risk Aversion Principle D) The "No free lunch" rule

34) Software that manages the resources of the computer is called A) operating system software. B) application software. C) data management software. D) network software.

35) All network components connect to a single hub in a ________ topology. A) star B) bus C) domain D) peer-to-peer

35) All of the following statements regarding Lotus Notes are true except for A) It began as an e-mail and messaging client. B) It is the most widely used collaboration tool at Fortune 1000 companies. C) Firmwide installations at a large company require specialized servers and may cost millions of dollars per year. D) It provides tools for e-mail, calendars, help desk, CRM, blogs, and wikis.

35) In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n) A) tuple. B) row. C) entity. D) field.

35) Specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called A) KWS. B) LMS. C) wikis. D) CAD systems.

35) Which of the following businesses uses the market creator business model? A) an online auction house B) an online newspaper C) a video-sharing site D) an online bookseller

36) A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the A) primary key. B) key field. C) primary field. D) unique ID.

36) The most common Ethernet topology is A) bus. B) star. C) ring. D) mesh.

36) Using numerous computers to inundate and overwhelm the network from numerous launch points is called a ________ attack. A) DDoS B) DoS C) SQL injection D) phishing

36) Which of the following traditional solutions enables manufacturers to deal with uncertainties in the supply chain? A) safety stock B) continuous replenishment C) just-in-time strategies D) demand planning

37) A scheduling system for minimizing inventory by having components arrive exactly at the moment they are needed and finished goods shipped as soon as they leave the assembly line best describes a ________ strategy. A) just-in-time B) frictionless C) bullwhip D) safety-stock

37) As referred to in the text, legacy systems are A) traditional mainframe-based business information systems. B) electronic spreadsheets used on a PC. C) any pre-1990 Wintel systems. D) systems found on older ASPs.

37) Executive support systems are information systems that support the A) long-range planning activities of senior management. B) knowledge and data workers in an organization. C) decision-making and administrative activities of middle managers. D) day-to-day processes of production.

37) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called its A) culture. B) environment. C) atmosphere. D) values.

38) Reducing the business process layers in a distribution channel is called A) disintermediation. B) BPR. C) market segmentation. D) network effects.

38) Thomas Friedman's declaration that the world was now "flat" meant that A) the Internet has reduced the economic advantages of developed countries. B) globalization is starting to offer less advantage to large corporations. C) the global economy is increasingly commanded by fewer and larger corporations. D) global capitalism is homogenizing culture and business practices throughout the world.

38) Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? A) request for proposals B) voice-mail C) videos D) e-mail

39) Phishing is a form of A) spoofing. B) logging. C) sniffing. D) driving.

39) Which U.S. act restricts the information the federal government can collect and regulates what they can do with the information? A) Privacy Act of 1974 B) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 C) Freedom of Information Act D) HIPAA of 1996

39) Which type of system would you use to determine what trends in your supplier's industry will affect your firm the most in five years? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS

39) ________ work by using radio waves to communicate with radio antennas placed within adjacent geographic areas. A) Cell phones B) Microwaves C) Satellites D) WANs

40) A substitute product of most concern for a cable TV distributor is A) satellite TV. B) broadcast TV. C) satellite radio. D) the Internet.

40) Compared to traditional goods, digital goods have A) greater pricing flexibility. B) lower marketing costs. C) higher production costs. D) higher inventory costs.

40) Once a knowledge taxonomy is developed, documents are all ________ with the proper classification. A) tagged B) linked C) tupled D) referenced

40) The join operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. B) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. C) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. D) organizes elements into segments.

41) Compared to traditional markets, digital markets have A) lower distributed delivery costs. B) higher marginal costs per unit. C) equivalent copying costs. D) similar inventory costs.

42) Digital subscriber lines A) operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video. B) operate over coaxial lines to deliver Internet access. C) are very-high-speed data lines typically leased from long-distance telephone companies. D) have up to twenty-four 64-Kbps channels.

42) Pharming involves A) redirecting users to a fraudulent Web site even when the user has typed in the correct address in the Web browser. B) pretending to be a legitimate business's representative in order to garner information about a security system. C) setting up fake Web sites to ask users for confidential information. D) using e-mails for threats or harassment.

42) Which of the following U.S. laws gives patients access to personal medical records and the right to authorize how this information can be used or disclosed? A) HIPAA B) Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act C) Privacy Protection Act D) Freedom of Information Act

42) You are creating a video and animation sharing Web site whose content will be supplied by content, video, and applets stored in a database and you anticipate very high loads on the server. Which of the following DBMSs will most likely serve your needs? A) object-relational DBMS B) relational DBMS C) hierarchical DBMS D) OODBMS

43) Amazon's use of the Internet as a platform to sell books more efficiently than traditional bookstores illustrates a use of information services for A) low-cost leadership. B) marketing effectiveness. C) focusing on market niche. D) strengthening supplier intimacy.

43) An example of a business using information systems to attain operational excellence is A) Wal-Mart's RetailLink system. B) the Mandarin Oriental hotel's customer-preference tracking system. C) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard. D) Apple Inc.'s iPod.

43) The process of presenting a set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location is called A) cloud computing. B) autonomic computing. C) virtualization. D) multicore processing.

44) Capabilities of supply chain execution systems would not include A) identifying the optimal transportation mode. B) tracking the flow of finished goods. C) managing materials. D) managing warehouse operations.

44) EBay is an example of A) C2C e-commerce. B) B2B e-commerce. C) B2C e-commerce. D) M-commerce.

44) Which protocol is the Internet based on? A) TCP/IP B) FTP C) packet-switching D) HTTP

44) Which type of computing refers to firms purchasing computing power from remote providers and paying only for the computing power they use? A) on-demand B) grid C) edge D) autonomic

45) An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security is the A) data dictionary. B) data definition diagram. C) entity-relationship diagram. D) relationship dictionary.

45) An example of autonomic computing is A) spyware protection software that runs and updates itself automatically. B) software programmed to run on any hardware platform. C) cell phones taking on the functions of handheld computers. D) programming languages that allow non-programmers to create custom applications.

45) In Domino's upgraded Pulse Evolution system, it incorporated a Pizza Tracker functionality that shows the progression of individual pizza orders. This is an example of using information systems to achieve which business objective? A) customer and supplier intimacy B) survival C) improved decision making D) operational excellence

45) Most knowledge workers require specialized knowledge work systems, but they also rely on A) office systems. B) schools and universities. C) imaging systems. D) data transferring systems.

46) A supply chain driven by actual customer orders or purchases follows a ________ model. A) pull-based model B) build-to-stock C) push-based D) replenishment-driven

46) The child domain of the root is the A) top-level domain. B) second-level domain. C) host name. D) domain extension.

47) In which of the following Internet business models does a merchant create an online digital environment that enables people with like interests to share information or buy and sell goods? A) community provider B) service provider C) market creator D) transaction broker

47) The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act A) requires financial institutions to ensure the security of customer data. B) specifies best practices in information systems security and control. C) imposes responsibility on companies and management to safeguard the accuracy of financial information. D) outlines medical security and privacy rules.

47) ________ is the ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as bulk production. A) Mass customization B) Size customization C) Magnitude customization D) Dimension customization

48) CAD workstations A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.

48) Enabling management to make better decisions regarding organizing and scheduling sourcing, production, and distribution is a central feature of A) SCMs B) TPSs C) KMSs D) ERPs

48) The Online Privacy Alliance A) encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members. B) protects user privacy during interactions with Web sites. C) has established technical guidelines for ensuring privacy. D) is a government agency regulating the use of customer information.

49) The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called A) normalization. B) data scrubbing. C) data cleansing. D) data defining.

50) Running a Java program on a computer requires A) a Java Virtual Machine to be installed on the computer. B) a Java Virtual Machine to be installed on the server hosting the Java applet. C) a miniature program to be downloaded to the user's computer. D) no specialized software, as Java is platform-independent.

50) Which of the following services enables logging on to one computer system and working on another? A) FTP B) LISTSERV C) Telnet D) World Wide Web

50) ________ systems are designed to help firms manage their relationships with their customers. A) CRM B) MIS C) CLE D) CLU

51) A one-to-one relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with A) two short marks. B) one short mark. C) a crow's foot. D) a crow's foot topped by a short mark.

51) Application controls A) can be classified as input controls, processing controls, and output controls. B) govern the design, security, and use of computer programs and the security of data files in general throughout the organization. C) apply to all computerized applications and consist of a combination of hardware, software, and manual procedures that create an overall control environment. D) include software controls, computer operations controls, and implementation controls.

51) From a business perspective, raw data is transformed systematically during various stages, transforming it into valuable information, in a process called A) the information value chain. B) the IT value chain. C) information processing. D) feedback.

51) Instant messaging is a type of ________ service. A) chat B) cellular C) e-mail D) wireless

51) Intellectual property can best be described as A) intangible property created by individuals or corporations. B) the expression of an intangible idea. C) unique creative work or ideas. D) tangible or intangible property created from a unique idea.

51) Which of the following best illustrates the transaction fee revenue model? A) EBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Epinions receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating Web site where he or she makes a purchase. C) Flickr provides basic services for free, but charges a premium for advanced services. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads.

52) In which of the following revenue models does a Web site charge a fee for access to some or all of its offerings on a continual, regular basis? A) subscription B) free/freemium C) transaction fee D) sales

52) Internet technology A) makes it easy for rivals to compete on price alone. B) imposes a significant cost of entry, due to infrastructure requirements. C) increases the difference between competitors because of the wide availability of information. D) makes it easy to sustain operational advantages.

53) Sets of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using standard Web communication standards and languages are referred to as A) Web services. B) EAI software. C) SOA. D) SOAP.

54) A VPN A) is an encrypted private network configured within a public network. B) is more expensive than a dedicated network. C) provides secure, encrypted communications using Telnet. D) is an Internet-based service for delivering voice communications.

54) A(n) ________ system is used to identify and authorize different categories of system users and specify which portions of the organization's systems each user can access. A) identity management B) AUP C) authentication D) firewall

54) An example of an organizational complementary asset is A) using the appropriate business model. B) a collaborative work environment. C) laws and regulations. D) all of the above.

54) Customer relationship management systems typically provide software and online tools for sales, customer service, and A) marketing. B) account management. C) advertising. D) public relations.

54) In a phenomenon called ________, some argue that large numbers of people can make better decisions about a wide range of topics or products than a single person or even a small committee of experts. A) the wisdom of crowds B) outsourcing C) crowdsourcing D) social networking

54) What is the foundation technology for Web services? A) XML B) HTML C) SOAP D) UDDI

55) An example of a social complementary asset is A) technology and service firms in adjacent markets. B) training programs. C) distributed decision-making rights. D) all of the above.

56) A data mart usually can be constructed more rapidly and at lower cost than a data warehouse because A) a data mart typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business. B) all the information is historical. C) a data mart uses a Web interface. D) all of the information belongs to a single company.

56) Customer service modules in CRM systems provide tools for A) assigning and managing customer service requests. B) capturing prospect and customer data. C) identifying profitable and unprofitable customers. D) managing sales prospect and contact information.

56) E-government refers to the application of ________ to digitally enable government and public sector agencies' relationships with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government. A) the Internet and networking technologies B) e-commerce C) e-business D) any computerized technology

56) The primary activities of a firm include A) inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service. B) inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, technology, and service. C) procurement, inbound logistics, operations, technology, and outbound logistics. D) procurement, operations, technology, sales and marketing, and services.

56) Together, a protocol prefix, a domain name, a directory path, and a document name, are called a(n) A) uniform resource locator. B) IP address. C) third level domain. D) root domain.

56) Which of the following is NOT one of the current software platform trends? A) grid computing B) open source software C) mashups and apps D) software outsourcing

57) Forward chaining is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis. Answer: A

57) Which of the following adjusts copyright laws to the Internet age by making it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials? A) Digital Millennium Copyright Act B) Privacy Act C) Freedom of Information Act D) Electronic Communications Privacy Act

58) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called A) e-commerce. B) e-business. C) an intranet. D) an extranet.

58) Sociologists study information systems with an eye to understanding A) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations. B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information. C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm. D) the production of digital goods.

58) Which of the following activities would you perform to measure and compare your business processes to similar processes of other companies within your industry? A) benchmarking B) best practices C) value chain analysis D) strategic systems analysis

59) A firewall allows the organization to A) prevent unauthorized communication both into and out of the network. B) monitor network hot spots for signs of intruders. C) prevent known spyware and malware from entering the system. D) all of the above.

59) OLAP is a tool for enabling A) users to obtain online answers to ad-hoc questions in a rapid amount of time. B) users to view both logical and physical views of data. C) programmers to quickly diagram data relationships. D) programmers to normalize data.

59) Prewritten, commercially available sets of software programs that eliminate the need for a firm to write its own software programs for certain functions, are referred to as A) software packages. B) mashups. C) outsourced software. D) open source software.

60) In which technique are network communications are analyzed to see whether packets are part of an ongoing dialogue between a sender and a receiver? A) stateful inspection B) intrusion detection system C) application proxy filtering D) packet filtering

60) ________ management is an important capability for service processes that is found in most major CRM software products. A) Returns B) Lead C) Account D) Events

61) How are information systems used at the industry level to achieve strategic advantage? A) by building industry-wide, IT-supported consortia and symposia B) by raising the bargaining power of suppliers C) by encouraging the entry of new competitors D) by enforcing standards that reduce the differences between competitors

61) Software presents liability problems in terms of legal protections for users because A) of the difficulty in classifying its role as a machine, a service, or a book. B) of the inability to review the actual programming behind the software. C) of its inherent similarity to books and periodicals, and therefore it is protected by the First Amendment. D) there are so many parties involved in its creation and distribution.

61) The practice of contracting custom software development to an outside firm is commonly referred to as A) outsourcing. B) scaling. C) service-oriented architecture. D) application integration.

61) Which of the following are key corporate assets? A) intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assets B) production technologies and business processes for sales, marketing, and finance C) knowledge and the firm's tangible assets, such as goods or services D) time and knowledge

63) An alternative to using application server software for interfacing between a Web server and back-end databases is A) CGI. B) HTML. C) Java. D) SQL.

63) In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics. A) CBR B) fuzzy logic C) data mining D) LMS

63) The CPO is responsible for A) ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws. B) making better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes. C) enforcing the firm's information security policy. D) overseeing the use of information technology in the firm.

63) The process of sourcing goods and materials, negotiating with suppliers, paying for goods, and making delivery arrangements is called A) procurement. B) e-procurement. C) SCM. D) sourcing.

64) The organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information is called a(n) A) information policy. B) data definition file. C) data quality audit. D) data governance policy.

64) Which of the following types of collaboration tools allows you to communicate with avatars using text messaging? A) virtual worlds B) screen sharing C) collaborative writing D) large audience Webinars

64) Which of the following would NOT be used as an input for an information system? A) digital dashboard B) handheld computer C) bar-code scanner D) cell phone

65) A digital certificate system A) uses third-party CAs to validate a user's identity. B) uses digital signatures to validate a user's identity. C) uses tokens to validate a user's identity. D) is used primarily by individuals for personal correspondence.

65) E-hubs are more ________ than private industrial networks. A) transaction-oriented B) collaborative C) independent D) supply-chain oriented

65) Hardware and software that attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain best describes A) a neural network. B) an expert system. C) case-based reasoning. D) fuzzy logic.

65) The 802.11 set of standards for wireless LANs is known as A) Wi-Fi. B) WiMax. C) Bluetooth. D) RFID.

66) Genetic algorithms A) develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation. B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. C) do not work for most problems. D) are based on logic.

66) Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does spamming raise? A) quality of life B) system quality C) accountability and control D) information rights and obligations

67) A third-party Net marketplace that connects many buyers and suppliers for spot purchasing is called a(n) A) exchange. B) vertical market. C) private exchange. D) e-hub.

67) An example of a keystone firm within a business ecosystem is A) Apple and software application writers in the mobile platform ecosystem. B) GUESS and the fashion ecosystem. C) Citibank and the ATM ecosystem. D) American Airlines and the computerized reservation ecosystem.

67) Re-designing and automating business processes can be seen as a double-edged sword because A) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by job losses. B) increases in efficiency may be accompanied by poor data quality. C) support for middle-management decision making may be offset by poor data quality. D) reliance on technology results in the loss of hands-on knowledge.

68) A virtual company A) uses the capabilities of other companies without being physically tied to those companies. B) uses Internet technology to maintain a virtual storefront. C) uses Internet technology to maintain a networked community of users. D) provides entirely Internet-driven services, or virtual products.

68) Software programs that work in the background without direct human intervention to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called A) intelligent agents. B) intelligent techniques. C) business intelligence. D) AI hybrid systems.

69) Which of the following constitutes an organizational element in the UPS tracking system described in the chapter? A) the specification of procedures for identifying packages with sender and recipient information B) monitoring service levels C) promoting the company strategy of low-cost, superior service D) the use of handheld computers and networks for managing package delivery

70) CVS refers to A) eyestrain related to computer display screen use. B) carpal vision syndrome. C) wrist injuries brought about by incorrect hand position when using a keyboard. D) stress induced by technology.

70) Enterprise application vendors have created ________ to make their own customer relationship management, supply chain management, and enterprise systems work closely together with each other. A) e-business suites B) ERP systems C) middleware D) legacy systems

70) Hardware and software acquisition costs account for about ________ percent of TCO. A) 20 B) 40 C) 60 D) 80

70) Which of the following would you be most likely to use RFID technology for? A) tracking inventory B) enabling CRM systems C) lowering network costs D) enabling client communication

70) You have been hired by Inspiration Inc. to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the United States. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants, all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin? A) extranet, to enable quick collaboration over the Internet , minimize the time spent communicating with the client, and minimize the amount of paperwork needed B) CRM, to maintain easily accessible customer records to minimize the time spent looking for client data C) KMS, for minimizing redundant work on similar clients D) marketing system, for improving sales levels

37) A network that spans a city, and sometimes its major suburbs as well, is called a A) CAN. B) MAN. C) LAN. D) WAN.

47) A build-to-order supply-chain model is also called a ________ model. A) supply-based B) demand-driven C) replenishment-driven D) push-based

21) The device that acts as a connection point between computers and can filter and forward data to a specified destination is called a(n) A) hub. B) switch. C) router. D) NIC.

21) The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage; operational excellence; and A) improved flexibility. B) improved decision making. C) improved business practices. D) improved efficiency.

21) What type of knowledge management system did Canadian Tire implement in order to improve the communications with dealers? A) digital asset management system B) content management system C) learning management system D) knowledge network system

21) Which of the following best describes how new information systems result in legal gray areas? A) They work with networked, electronic data, which are more difficult to control than information stored manually. B) They result in new situations that are not covered by old laws. C) They are implemented by technicians rather than managers. D) They are created from sets of logical and technological rules rather than social or organizational mores.

21) Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes? A) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCT B) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE C) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASE D) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute CUSTOMER

22) The interaction between information systems and organizations is influenced A) primarily by the decision making of middle- and senior-managers. B) by many factors, including structure, politics, culture, and environment. C) by two main microeconomic forces: capital and labor. D) primarily by the organization's business processes and culture.

22) The introduction of new information technology has a A) dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics. B) ripple effect raising new ethical, social, and political issues. C) beneficial effect for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers. D) waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues.

22) Which of the following is not one of the main problems with a traditional file environment? A) data inconsistency B) program-data independence C) lack of flexibility in creating ad-hoc reports D) poor security

23) A suite of integrated software modules for finance and accounting, human resources, manufacturing and production, and sales and marketing that allows data to be used by multiple functions and business processes best describes A) SCM software. B) ERP systems. C) ERM software. D) CRM modules.

23) The method of slicing digital messages into parcels, transmitting them along different communication paths, and reassembling them at their destinations is called A) multiplexing. B) packet switching. C) packet routing. D) ATM.

24) A marketplace extended beyond traditional boundaries and removed from a temporal and geographic location is called a(n) A) exchange. B) marketspace. C) online marketplace. D) e-hub.

24) The flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system describes A) information. B) data. C) wisdom. D) knowledge.

24) Which of the following is an example of a cross-functional business process? A) identifying customers B) creating a new product C) assembling a product D) paying creditors

25) Verizon's implementation of a Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers with real-time information such as customer complaints is an example of A) improved flexibility. B) improved decision making. C) improved efficiency. D) customer and supplier intimacy.

25) Which type of system would you use to change a production schedule if a key supplier was late in delivering goods? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS

26) How are the Internet and e-commerce causing severe disruption to the existing advertising business model? A) Ties between customer and businesses are being rethought. B) Technology players such as Yahoo! seek to dominate online advertising and expand into offline ad brokerage. C) New methods of advertising, such as blog advertising, are emerging. D) The market entry costs for online advertising services are extremely low.

26) In a multi-tiered network A) the work of the entire network is centralized. B) the work of the entire network is balanced over several levels of servers. C) processing is split between clients and servers. D) processing is handled by multiple, geographically remote clients.

26) Sniffing is a security challenge that is most likely to occur in which of the following points of a corporate network? A) client computer B) communications lines C) corporate servers D) internal corporate back-end system

26) The confusion created by ________ makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources. A) batch processing B) data redundancy C) data independence D) online processing

27) In a telecommunications network architecture, a protocol is A) a device that handles the switching of voice and data in a local area network. B) a standard set of rules and procedures for control of communications in a network. C) a communications service for microcomputer users. D) the main computer in a telecommunications network.

27) Inputting data into a poorly programmed Web form in order to disrupt a company's systems and networks is called A) a Trojan horse. B) an SQL injection attack. C) key logging. D) a DDoS attack.

27) Which of the following is not one of the unique features of e-commerce technology? A) information density B) transparency C) richness D) social technology

30) The effort required to locate a suitable product is called A) price discrimination. B) search costs. C) menu costs. D) shopping costs.

31) A network of organizations and business processes for procuring raw materials, transforming these materials into intermediate and finished products, and distributing the finished products to customers is called a A) distribution channel. B) supply chain. C) value chain. D) marketing channel.

31) An example of a professional bureaucracy is a A) small startup firm. B) school system. C) mid-size manufacturing firm. D) consulting firm.

31) Which type of network is used to connect digital devices within a half-mile or 500-meter radius? A) microwave B) LAN C) WAN D) MAN

31) ________ unleash powerful economies of scale and result in declines in manufactured computer products. A) Internet and web technologies B) Technology standards C) Linux and open-source software D) Client/server technologies

32) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called A) capturing. B) processing. C) organizing. D) feedback.

32) In order, which are the value-adding steps in the knowledge business value chain? A) acquire, store, disseminate, apply, feedback B) data and information acquisition, acquire, store, disseminate, apply C) acquire, disseminate, apply, feedback, management and organizational activities D) data and information acquisition, store, disseminate, feedback, apply

32) The costs incurred when a firm buys on the marketplace what it cannot make itself are referred to as A) switching costs. B) transaction costs. C) procurement. D) agency costs.

32) The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called A) liability. B) due process. C) the courts of appeal. D) accountability.

33) Redirecting a Web link to a different address is a form of A) snooping. B) spoofing. C) sniffing. D) war driving.

34) In a bus network A) signals are broadcast to the next station. B) signals are broadcast in both directions to the entire network. C) multiple hubs are organized in a hierarchy. D) messages pass from computer to computer in a loop.

34) In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single A) field. B) row. C) column. D) table.

34) Information ________ exists when one party in a transaction has more information that is important for the transaction than the other party. A) transparency B) asymmetry C) complexity D) discrimination

35) A SAN is a ________ network. A) server area B) storage area C) scalable architecture D) service-oriented architecture

35) A classic ethical dilemma is the hypothetical case of a man stealing from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. If you used the Utilitarian Principle to evaluate this situation, you might argue that stealing the food is A) acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm. B) acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family. C) wrong, because the man would not want the grocery to steal from him. D) wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated.

35) In a hierarchical organization, the upper levels consist of A) managerial and professional employees. B) managerial, professional, and technical employees. C) professional and operational employees. D) managerial, professional, and operational employees.

36) The ________ model is used to describe the interaction of external forces that affect an organization's strategy and ability to compete. A) network economics B) competitive forces C) competitive advantage D) demand control

36) The leading networking hardware providers include A) Dell, HP/Compaq, and IBM. B) Cisco, Alcatel-Lucent, and Nortel. C) Seagate, Maxtor, and Western Digital. D) IBM, Oracle, and Sun.

37) A field identified in a record as holding the unique identifier for that record is called the A) primary key. B) key field. C) primary field. D) unique ID.

37) Which of the following is not a typical component or capability of an enterprise-wide knowledge management system? A) collaboration tools B) KWS C) document management D) LMS

38) A distortion of information about the demand for a product as it passes from one entity to the next across the supply chain is called the ________ effect. A) network B) bullwhip C) ripple D) whirlpool

38) According to the ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm. A) Categorical Imperative B) Risk Aversion Principle C) Utilitarian Principle D) Golden Rule

38) Legacy systems are still used because they A) can only be run on the older mainframe computers. B) are too expensive to redesign. C) integrate well using new Web services technologies. D) contain valuable data that would be lost during redesign.

38) Which systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal, which uses a Web interface to present integrated personalized business content? A) transaction processing systems B) executive support systems C) management information systems D) decision-support systems

39) You are advising a multimedia company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? A) enterprise content management system B) digital asset management system C) knowledge network system D) VRML system

40) An example of phishing is A) setting up a bogus Wi-Fi hot spot. B) setting up a fake medical Web site that asks users for confidential information. C) pretending to be a utility company's employee in order to garner information from that company about their security system. D) sending bulk e-mail that asks for financial aid under a false pretext.

40) What is the most important function of an enterprise application? A) increasing speed of communicating B) enabling business functions and departments to share information C) enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers D) enabling cost-effective e-business processes

41) Supply chain planning systems A) track the physical status of goods. B) identify the transportation mode to use for product delivery. C) track the financial information involving all parties. D) track the status of orders.

41) The business case for using grid computing involves all of the following EXCEPT A) cost savings. B) increased accuracy. C) speed of computation. D) agility.

41) The project operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. C) organizes elements into segments. D) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.

41) Which of the following is not a Web 2.0 tool firms are using to foster collaboration? A) blogs B) intranets C) wikis D) social bookmarking

42) A(n) ________ system collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single, comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business. A) transaction B) enterprise C) automatic reporting D) management information

43) Consumers selling goods and services electronically to other consumers best describes A) disintermediation. B) C2C e-commerce. C) M-commerce. D) B2C e-commerce.

43) You have been hired as a security consultant for a law firm. Which of the following constitutes the greatest source of security threats to the firm? A) wireless network B) employees C) authentication procedures D) lack of data encryption

44) An example of a business using information systems for customer and supplier intimacy is A) Wal-Mart's RetailLink system. B) the Mandarin Oriental hotel's customer-preference tracking system. C) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard. D) Apple Inc.'s iPod.

44) The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by A) assigning attributes to the data. B) creating an inventory of the data elements contained in the database. C) presenting data as end users or business specialists would perceive them. D) maintaining data in updated form.

44) The four major types of competitive strategy are A) low-cost leadership; substitute products and services; customers; and suppliers. B) low-cost leadership; product differentiation; focus on market niche; and customer and supplier intimacy. C) new market entrants; substitute products and services; customers; and suppliers. D) low-cost leadership; new market entrants; product differentiation; and focus on market niche.

44) Tricking employees to reveal their passwords by pretending to be a legitimate member of a company is called A) sniffing. B) social engineering. C) phishing. D) pharming.

45) How do software vendors correct flaws in their software after it has been distributed? A) issue bug fixes B) issue patches C) re-release software D) issue updated versions

45) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a central purpose of which main business function? A) manufacturing and accounting B) finance and accounting C) sales and manufacturing D) finance and sales

45) Wal-Mart's continuous replenishment system allows it to A) provide mass customization. B) provide an efficient customer response system. C) strengthen customer intimacy. D) achieve economy of scale.

46) The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called A) a data access language. B) a data manipulation language. C) Structured Query Language. D) a data definition language.

46) When a cookie is created during a Web site visit, it is stored A) on the Web site computer. B) on the visitor's computer. C) on the ISP's computer. D) in a Web directory.

46) When a firm provides a specialized product or service for a narrow target market better than competitors, they are using a ________ strategy. A) product differentiation B) market niche C) mass customization D) process efficiency

47) A(n) ________ model of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests that the data not be collected. A) opt-in B) opt-out C) P3P D) PGP

47) Enterprise systems are also known as ________ systems. A) resource planning B) enterprise resource planning C) enterprise support D) management information

47) ________ often are designed and optimized for the specific tasks to be performed. A) Graphics programs B) Knowledge workstations C) Virtual simulators D) CAD stations

48) Concurrent supply chains are made possible by which technology? A) ERP systems B) the Internet C) supply chain management systems D) just-in-time supply-chain technologies

48) DBMSs typically include report-generating tools in order to A) retrieve and display data. B) display data in an easier-to-read format. C) display data in graphs. D) perform predictive analysis.

48) The temp agency that you own is having serious difficulties placing temps because few of them are familiar with Internet research. Investing in training software to enhance your workers' skills is an example of using technology to achieve which business objective? A) customer and supplier intimacy B) survival C) competitive advantage D) improved decision-making

48) Transaction brokers A) generate revenue from advertising or from directing buyers to sellers. B) save users money and time by processing online sales transactions. C) provide a digital environment where buyers and sellers can establish prices for products. D) sell physical products directly to consumers or individual businesses.

49) IPv6 is being developed in order to A) update the packet transmission protocols for higher bandwidth. B) create more IP addresses. C) allow for different levels of service. D) support Internet2.

49) Market creators A) save users money and time by processing online sales transactions. B) provide a digital environment where buyers and sellers can establish prices for products. C) create revenue by providing digital content over the Web. D) sell physical products directly to consumers or individual businesses.

49) The robotics startup you work for has developed an AI-controlled robotic nurse, intended to care for end-of-life patients who are often unconscious. Which of the five moral dimensions does this raise? A) system quality B) quality of life C) accountability and control D) property rights and obligations

49) ________ systems integrate supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer logistics processes. A) Collaborative distribution B) Supply-chain management C) Reverse logistics D) Enterprise planning

50) A ________ is a method of interaction with a customer, such as telephone or customer service desk. A) point of presence B) touch point C) sales point D) client channel

50) Electronic evidence on computer storage media that is not visible to the average user is called ________ data. A) defragmented B) ambient C) forensic D) fragmented

50) Upon which of the following industries has the Internet as a whole been a disruptive technology? A) bill payments B) air travel C) books D) real estate

53) Apple Computer dominates the online legal music sales industry primarily because of a failure of recording label companies to A) invest in technology. B) adopt a new business model. C) invest in complementary assets. D) modernize their information value chain.

53) Which of the following best illustrates the affiliate revenue model? A) EBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Epinions receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating Web site where he or she makes a purchase. C) Flickr provides basic services for free, but charges a premium for advanced services. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads.

53) Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? A) knowledge networks B) case based reasoning C) computer-aided design D) VRML

54) "Look and feel" copyright infringement lawsuits are concerned with A) the distinction between tangible and intangible ideas. B) the distinction between an idea and its expression. C) using the graphical elements of another product. D) using the creative elements of another product.

54) Which of the following types of system helps expedite the flow of information between the firm and its suppliers and customers? A) intranet B) extranet C) KMS D) TPS

55) Web browser software requests Web pages from the Internet using which protocol? A) URL B) HTTP C) DNS D) HTML

56) Disciplines that contribute to the technical approach to information systems are A) computer science, engineering, and networking. B) operations research, management science, and computer science. C) engineering, utilization management, and computer science. D) management science, computer science, and engineering.

56) Exposing an individual to ads that are chosen and based on the recorded and analyzed online behavior of the individual is referred to as A) clickstream advertising. B) behavioral targeting. C) online profiling. D) long-tail marketing.

56) Rigorous password systems A) are one of the most effective security tools. B) may hinder employee productivity. C) are costly to implement. D) are often disregarded by employees.

57) Tools for analyzing data to help users find patterns, relationships, and insights and make better business decisions are known as A) DSS. B) business intelligence. C) OLAP. D) data mining.

57) Which of the following decisions requires knowledge based on collaboration and interaction? A) How long will it take to manufacture this product? B) Should we work with with outside vendors on new products and services? C) In which geographical locations are our products garnering the most sales? D) Which product design is the most efficient for the user in terms of energy use?

58) In general, it is very difficult to hold software producers liable for their software products when those products are considered to be A) part of a machine. B) similar to books. C) services. D) artistic expressions.

58) Which of the following statements about B2B commerce is not true? A) Eighty percent of online B2B e-commerce is still based on EDI. B) B2B e-commerce represents approximately three-quarters of the overall B2B marketplace. C) B2B e-commerce only includes commercial transactions between firms. D) B2B e-commerce revenues in 2009 were over $3 trillion.

58) ________ are created by combining and customizing components from different online software applications. A) Apps B) Mashups C) SaaS D) Web services

58) ________ software deals with employee issues that are closely related to CRM, such as setting objectives, employee performance management, performance-based compensation, and employee training. A) Enterprise B) ERM C) PRM D) ERP

59) It is not feasible for companies to produce error-free software because A) any programming code is susceptible to error. B) it is too expensive to create perfect software. C) errors can be introduced in the maintenance stage of development. D) any software of any complexity will have errors.

59) Psychologists study information systems with an eye to understanding A) how systems affect individuals, groups, and organizations. B) how human decision makers perceive and use formal information. C) how new information systems change the control and cost structures within the firm. D) the production of digital goods.

59) The use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise is called A) e-commerce. B) e-business. C) enterprise applications. D) MIS.

59) Which of the following describes long-tail marketing? A) The unexpected growth of sales of a product long after its initial release. B) The yearly sales of one or two copies each of thousands of obscure films. C) The dwindling sales of a once-popular book. D) The continued successful sales of a product over years.

60) Data mining is a tool for allowing users to A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years. B) find hidden relationships in data. C) obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time. D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports.

60) What technology allows people to have content pulled from Web sites and fed automatically to their computers? A) FTP B) RSS C) HTTP D) Bluetooth

60) Your firm needs to implement electronic timesheet software and needs to keep within a small budget. Which of the following would be the most costly method of implementing this new software? A) purchasing a software package B) programming the new software in-house C) leasing the software over the Internet D) outsourcing the software programming to an overseas vendor

61) The system functionalities of an e-commerce site are best described as the A) general capabilities wanted. B) information systems capabilities wanted. C) information elements needed. D) software and hardware required.

61) Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of A) policy development. B) classification. C) logic and control. D) high complexity.

61) Which of the following is an important capability for sales processes that is found in most major CRM software products? A) returns management B) lead management C) channel promotions management D) events management

61) ________ use scanning software to look for known problems such as bad passwords, the removal of important files, security attacks in progress, and system administration errors. A) Stateful inspections B) Intrusion detection systems C) Application proxy filtering technologies D) Packet filtering technologies

62) A formal contract between customers and their service providers that outlines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and to the customer is called a(n) A) SOA. B) SLA. C) TCO. D) RFQ.

62) Customer relationship management applications dealing with the analysis of customer data to provide information for improving business performance best describes ________ applications. A) operational CRM B) analytical CRM C) operational SCM D) analytical SFA

62) EDI is A) the use of Internet technologies for electronic data transactions. B) the exchange between two organizations of standard transactions through a network. C) electronic data invoicing. D) electronic delivery infrastructure.

62) ________ tools are used to analyze large unstructured data sets, such as e-mail, memos, survey responses, etc., to discover patterns and relationships. A) OLAP B) Text mining C) Web mining D) Web content mining

63) An example of synergy in business is A) Amazon's use of the Internet to sell books. B) JP Morgan Chase's mergers with other banks that provided JP Morgan with a network of retail branches in new regions. C) Blockbuster combining traditional video rental with online video rental. D) Wal-Mart's order entry and inventory management system to coordinate with suppliers.

64) In which method of encryption is a single encryption key sent to the receiver so both sender and receiver share the same key? A) SSL B) symmetric key encryption C) public key encryption D) private key encryption

65) Analyzing customer buying patterns is an example of A) CLTV. B) analytical CRM. C) operational CRM. D) demand planning.

65) The U.S. CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 A) makes spamming illegal. B) requires spammers to identify themselves. C) has dramatically cut down spamming. D) does not override state anti-spamming laws.

65) The more any given resource is applied to production, the lower the marginal gain in output, until a point is reached where the additional inputs produce no additional output. This is referred to as A) the point of no return. B) the law of diminishing returns. C) supply and demand. D) network inelasticity.

65) The special organizational function whose responsibilities include the technical and operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design and maintenance, is called A) data administration. B) database administration. C) information policy administration. D) data auditing.

65) Which of the following refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a larger number of users without breaking down? A) modality B) scalability C) expandability D) disintermediation

66) Downtime refers to periods of time in which a A) computer system is malfunctioning. B) computer system is not operational. C) company or organization is not operational. D) computer is not online.

66) Net marketplaces A) focus on continuous business process coordination between companies for supply chain management. B) are industry owned or operate as independent intermediaries between buyers and sellers. C) are geared towards short-term spot purchasing. D) are more relationship oriented than private industrial networks.

66) One or more access points positioned on a ceiling, wall, or other strategic spot in a public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area are referred to as A) touch points. B) hotspots. C) hot points. D) wireless hubs.

66) The three principal levels within a business organization hierarchy are A) senior management, operational management, and service workers. B) senior management, middle management, and operational management. C) senior management, operational management, and information systems. D) senior management, middle management, and service workers.

66) Which metric is based on the relationship between the revenue produced by a specific customer, the expenses incurred in acquiring and servicing that customer, and the expected life of the relationship between the customer and the company? A) churn rate B) CLTV C) cost per lead D) cost per sale

67) The measurement of the number of customers who stop using or purchasing products or services from a company is called A) switching costs. B) churn rate. C) CLTV. D) switch rate.

68) All of the following statements about enterprise applications are true except for A) Enterprise applications are more successfully implemented when an organization has prepared for organizational change. B) Once you have purchased and implemented a vendor's enterprise system, it is much less expensive to switch vendors. C) The total implementation cost of a large system runs into millions of dollars. D) Enterprise applications are based on organization-wide definitions of data.

68) In controlling network traffic to minimize slow-downs, a technology called ________ is used to examine data files and sort low-priority data from high-priority data. A) high availability computing B) deep-packet inspection C) application proxy filtering D) stateful inspection

68) Which main business function is responsible for maintaining employee records? A) sales and marketing B) human resources C) finance and accounting D) manufacturing and production

68) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their clients' continually updated branding guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of the firm's branches. What system will best serve these needs? A) an intranet with KMS capabilities B) an extranet with KMS capabilities C) a TPS with KMS capabilities D) a CRM

69) In the United States, m-commerce A) has become widely adopted. B) is still in its infancy. C) now represents a major fraction of total e-commerce transactions. D) is growing slowly.

69) Passive RFID tags A) have their own power source. B) have a range of several feet. C) enable data to be rewritten and modified. D) are used in automated toll-collection systems.

69) The development and use of methods to make computer systems resume their activities more quickly after mishaps is called A) high availability computing. B) recovery oriented computing. C) fault tolerant computing. D) disaster recovery planning.

69) The emergence, for Amazon.com, of new competitors in the sphere of online shopping illustrates what disadvantage posed by the use of information systems to achieve competitive advantage? A) E-commerce is affected by the law of diminishing returns. B) Internet technologies are universal, and therefore usable by all companies. C) Internet shopping produces cost transparency. D) The Internet enables the production or sales of substitute products or services.

69) What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods? A) fuzzy logic B) intelligent agents C) genetic algorithms D) none of the above

22) Dell Computer's use of information systems to improve efficiency and implement "mass customization" techniques to maintain consistent profitability and an industry lead illustrates which business objective? A) improved flexibility B) improved business practices C) competitive advantage D) survival

22) The Internet is based on which three key technologies? A) TCP/IP, HTML, and HTTP B) TCP/IP, HTTP, and packet switching C) client/server computing, packet switching, and the development of communications standards for linking networks and computers D) client/server computing, packet switching, and HTTP

22) The percentage of gross domestic product of the United States that is produced by the knowledge and information sectors is estimated to be about ________ percent. A) 20 B) 40 C) 60 D) 80

22) Which of the following is not an example of next-generation enterprise applications? A) open-source solutions B) on-demand solutions C) solutions incorporating SCM D) solutions incorporating SOA

23) Producing bills of materials is a business process within the ________ function. A) finance and accounting B) human resources C) manufacturing and production D) sales and marketing

23) Which of the following does not pose a security threat to wireless networks? A) broadcasted SSIDs B) scannability of radio frequency bands C) SQL injection attacks D) geographic range of wireless signals

23) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? A) Without knowledge, collaboration is difficult. B) Knowledge doesn't exist without collaboration. C) Knowledge is useful only when shared with others. D) As knowledge increases, so does collaboration.

24) Electronic data are more susceptible to destruction, fraud, error, and misuse because information systems concentrate data in computer files that A) are usually bound up in legacy systems that are difficult to access and difficult to correct in case of error. B) are not secure because the technology to secure them did not exist at the time the files were created. C) have the potential to be accessed by large numbers of people and by groups outside of the organization. D) are frequently available on the Internet.

24) Enterprise software is built around thousands of predefined business processes that reflect A) the firm's organization. B) industry goals. C) best practices. D) cutting edge workflow analyses.

24) How does the technical view of organizations fall short of understanding the full impacts of information systems in a firm? A) It sees information systems as a way to rearrange the inputs and outputs of the organization. B) It sees capital and labor as primary production factors. C) It sees the inputs and outputs, labor and capital, as being infinitely malleable. D) It sees the organization as a social structure similar to a machine.

25) The four key technical trends responsible for current ethical stresses related to information technology are (1) doubling of computer power every 18 months, (2) data analysis advances, (3) declining data storage costs, and (4) ________. A) advances in wireless networking B) international standards for data protection C) networking advances and the Internet D) increased ease in file sharing and copying

25) Which of the following is not a characteristic of packet switching? A) Packets travel independently of each other. B) Packets are routed through many different paths. C) Packet switching requires point-to-point circuits. D) Packets include data for checking transmission errors.

33) A company's suppliers and the processes for managing relationships with them is the A) supplier's internal supply chain. B) external supply chain. C) upstream portion of the supply chain. D) downstream portion of the supply chain.

25) Which of the following is not a recent development in e-commerce? A) Wireless Internet connections grow rapidly. B) Social networking sites become a new platform for e-commerce. C) The music recording industry is disrupted as music creation and distribution become decentralized. D) Online entertainment business models surge.

25) Which of the following is not true about enterprise systems? A) Enterprise systems help firms respond rapidly to customer requests for information or products. B) Enterprise system data have standardized definitions and formats that are accepted by the entire organization. C) Enterprise software is expressly built to allow companies to mimic their unique business practices. D) Enterprise software includes analytical tools to evaluate overall organizational performance.

26) The move of retail banking to use ATMs after Citibank unveiled its first ATMs illustrates the use of information systems to achieve which business objective? A) improved efficiency B) customer and supplier intimacy C) survival D) competitive advantage

26) To monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment, managers need ________ systems. A) decision-support B) knowledge C) transaction processing D) management information

27) Business processes are collections of A) informal practices and behaviors. B) formalized and documented practices. C) routines. D) rights and privileges.

27) The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of A) knowledge culture. B) knowledge discovery. C) organizational and management capital. D) organizational routine.

28) In order to achieve maximum benefit from an enterprise software package, a business A) customizes the software to match all of its business processes. B) uses only the processes in the software that match its own processes. C) changes the way it works to match the software's business processes. D) selects only the software that best matches its existing business processes.

28) NORA is a A) profiling technology used by the EU. B) federal privacy law protecting networked data. C) new data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources. D) sentencing guideline adopted in 1987 mandating stiff sentences on business executives.

28) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations are A) information retrieval, research, and analysis. B) input, output, and feedback. C) input, processing, and output. D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.

28) What are the four layers of the TCP/IP reference model? A) physical, application, transport, and network interface B) physical, application, Internet, and network interface C) application, transport, Internet, and network interface D) application, hardware, Internet, and network interface

28) Which of the following systems digitizes, indexes, and tags documents according to a coherent framework? A) wikis B) CAD C) document management D) LMS

28) Which type of system would you use to determine the five suppliers with the worst record in delivering goods on time? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS

29) Mintzberg's classification of organizational structure categorizes the knowledge-based organization where goods and services depend on the expertise and knowledge of professionals as a(n) A) entrepreneurial structure. B) divisionalized bureaucracy. C) professional bureaucracy. D) adhocracy.

29) Supply chain complexity and scale increases when firms A) move to globalization. B) manage the procurement, manufacturing, and distribution functions themselves. C) produce products and services that coordinate with hundreds or more firms and suppliers. D) modify their existing workflows to comply with supply-chain management systems.

29) The integration of video, audio, and text marketing messages into a single marketing message and consumer experience describes which dimension of e-commerce technology? A) ubiquity B) personalization/customization C) richness D) interactivity

29) Today's nanotechnology-produced computer transistors are roughly equivalent in size to A) the width of a fingernail. B) a human hair. C) a virus. D) an atom.

29) Which of the following statements about the Internet security is not true? A) The use of P2P networks can expose a corporate computer to outsiders. B) A corporate network without access to the Internet is more secure than one provides access. C) VoIP is more secure than the switched voice network. D) Instant messaging can provide hackers access to an otherwise secure network.

30) Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network are called A) network standards. B) telecommunications standards. C) technology standards. D) Internet standards.

30) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example of A) input. B) raw data. C) meaningful information. D) feedback.

31) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the A) OODBMS. B) pre-digital DBMS. C) relational DBMS. D) hierarchical DBMS.

31) Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? A) Knowledge is a firm asset. B) Knowledge has different forms. C) Knowledge has no locations. D) Knowledge is situational.

32) Information density refers to the A) richnesscomplexity and contentof a message. B) total amount and quantity of information delivered to consumers by merchants. C) total amount and quantity of information available to all market participants. D) amount of information available to reduce price transparency.

32) ________ systems are especially suited to situations in which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully defined in advance. A) Management information B) Transaction processing C) Decision-support D) Knowledge management

33) An example of raw data from a national chain of automobile stores would be A) an average of 13 Toyotas are sold daily in Kentucky. B) 30 percent increase in Toyota RAV 4 sales during September in Kentucky. C) 1 Toyota RAV4 sold March 3, 2008 in Louisville, Kentucky. D) all of the above.

33) The network standard for connecting desktop computers into local area networks that enabled the widespread adoption of client/server computing and local area networks and further stimulated the adoption of personal computers is A) TCP/IP B) COBOL C) Ethernet D) ASCII

33) Which type of network would be most appropriate for a business that comprised three employees and a manager located in the same office space, whose primary need is to share documents? A) wireless network in infrastructure mode B) domain-based LAN C) peer-to-peer network D) campus area network

34) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is called A) information systems literacy. B) information systems architecture. C) management information systems. D) information technology infrastructure.

35) Hackers create a botnet by A) infecting Web search bots with malware. B) by using Web search bots to infect other computers. C) by causing other people's computers to become "zombie" PCs following a master computer. D) by infecting corporate servers with "zombie" Trojan horses that allow undetected access through a back door.

36) Fuzzy logic is a type of A) data mining. B) neural network. C) intelligent technique. D) business intelligence.

36) Varying a product's price according to the supply situation of the seller is called ________ pricing. A) menu B) flexible C) dynamic D) asymmetric

36) Which of the following business objectives best describes the strategy behind the use of technology in the new Yankee Stadium? A) competitive advantage B) improved decision making C) new products and services D) survival

37) Which of the following industries has a low barrier to entry? A) automotive B) computer chip C) restaurant D) airline

37) Which of the following is not an example of a computer used as a target of crime? A) knowingly accessing a protected computer to commit fraud B) accessing a computer system without authority C) illegally accessing stored electronic communication D) threatening to cause damage to a protected computer

38) In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are A) select, project, and where. B) select, join, and where. C) select, project, and join. D) select, from, and join.

38) Which of the following is NOT one of the competitive forces? A) suppliers B) other competitors C) external environment D) customers

39) Data management technology consists of the A) physical hardware and media used by an organization for storing data. B) detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system. C) software governing the organization of data on physical storage media. D) hardware and software used to transfer data.

39) Digital goods are goods that are A) produced digitally. B) sold over digital networks. C) delivered digitally. D) used with digital equipment.

40) Bandwidth is the A) number of frequencies that can be broadcast through a medium. B) number of cycles per second that can be sent through a medium. C) difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that can be accommodated on a single channel. D) total number of bytes that can be sent through a medium per second.

40) Connecting geographically remote computers in a single network to create a "virtual supercomputer" is called A) co-location. B) edge computing. C) grid computing. D) utility computing.

40) FIP principles are based on the notion of the A) accountability of the record holder. B) responsibility of the record holder. C) mutuality of interest between the record holder and the individual. D) privacy of the individual.

40) Systems that enable a firm to generate demand forecasts for a product and to develop sourcing and manufacturing plans for that product best describes supply chain ________ systems. A) demand B) delivery C) planning D) execution

41) Networking and telecommunications technologies, along with computer hardware, software, data management technology, and the people required to run and manage them, constitute an organization's A) data management environment. B) networked environment. C) IT infrastructure. D) information system.

42) Which of the following does grid computing utilize to create enormous supercomputing power? A) massive unused data centers B) underutilized mainframe computers C) networked computers with idle resources D) networks with low usage

42) Which supply chain planning function determines how much product is needed to satisfy all customer demands? A) distribution management B) replenishment planning C) demand planning D) order planning

43) T lines A) operate over existing telephone lines to carry voice, data, and video. B) operate over coaxial lines to deliver Internet access. C) are high-speed, leased data lines providing guaranteed service levels. D) have up to twenty-four 64-Kbps channels.

43) Which of the following statements about the use of wikis by firms is not true? A) They are inexpensive and easy to implement. B) Users are able to modify wiki content contributed by others. C) They are most appropriate for information that must be revised but does not need to be available 24/7. D) They can be used as a central repository for all types of corporate data such as spreadsheets and e-mail.

43) You manage the IT department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution? A) CRM B) enterprise system C) extranet D) intranet

44) The Internet has made the protection of intellectual property A) more difficult, because of the lack of enforcable regulations. B) easier, because of the proliferation of creative and professional software. C) more difficult, because of the ease of copying and transmitting digitized media. D) easier, because of the ability to track user behavior and visits to Web sites and file-sharing services.

45) Which of the following is not an advantage of using VOIP? A) VOIP can reduce a firm's communication costs by 20 to 30 percent. B) It allows e-mail and voice mail to be combined into a single directory. C) It enables the creation of two distinct networks for voice and data. D) It allows new phones to be added to a network without rewiring or reconfiguring the network.

46) Which of the following businesses utilizes the content provider Internet business model? A) Amazon.com B) eBay.com C) CNN.com D) Motocross.com

47) In the domain name "http://myspace.blogging.com", what are the root, top-level, second-level, and third-level domains, respectively? A) "http://", myspace, blogging, com B) "http://", com, blogging, myspace C) ".", com, blogging, myspace D) ".", myspace, blogging, com

47) The most prominent data manipulation language today is A) Access. B) DB2. C) SQL. D) Crystal Reports.

47) Which of the following would not be a complementary asset for a solar panel manufacturer? A) international solar equipment certification standards B) government funding for green technology C) centralized hierarchical decision making D) innovation-driven management team

48) Hilton Hotels' use of customer information software to identify the most profitable customers to direct services to is an example of using information systems to A) strengthen customer intimacy. B) differentiate their service. C) focus on market niche. D) increase efficiency.

48) Linux is A) primarily concerned with the tasks of end users. B) designed for specific machines and specific microprocessors. C) an example of open-source software. D) especially useful for processing numeric data.

48) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act A) requires financial institutions to ensure the security of customer data. B) specifies best practices in information systems security and control. C) imposes responsibility on companies and management to safeguard the accuracy of financial information. D) outlines medical security and privacy rules.

49) Which of the following statements about Linux is NOT true? A) It plays a major role in the back office running local area networks. B) It is available in free versions downloadable from the Internet. C) It has garnered 80 percent of the server operating system market. D) Linux applications are embedded in cell phones, smartphones, netbooks, and other handheld

50) A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n) A) data dictionary. B) intersection relationship diagram. C) entity-relationship diagram. D) data definition diagram.

51) A software tool with a graphical user interface for displaying Web pages and for accessing the Web and other Internet resources is called a Web A) service. B) client. C) browser. D) app.

51) Which of the following would not be considered a contact point? A) e-mail B) Web site C) intranet D) retail store

52) A corporation that funds a political action committee, which in turn promotes and funds a political candidate who agrees with the values of that corporation, could be seen as investing in which main category of complementary assets? A) managerial B) governmental C) social D) organizational

52) A limitation of trade secret protection for software is that A) it does not protect against copying the underlying ideas behind the software. B) it is difficult to compare one piece of software to another. C) it is difficult to prevent the ideas in the work from falling into the public domain. D) few software programs contain truly unique elements.

52) Which of the following is a technique used to allow users to interact with a Web page without having to wait for the Web server to reload the Web page? A) UDDI B) widgets C) Ajax D) Java

52) ________ controls ensure that valuable business data files on either disk or tape are not subject to unauthorized access, change, or destruction while they are in use or in storage. A) Software B) Administrative C) Data security D) Implementation

53) Analysis of an information system that rates the likelihood of a security incident occurring and its cost is included in a(n) A) security policy. B) AUP. C) risk assessment. D) business impact analysis.

53) The Internet raises the bargaining power of customers by A) creating new opportunities for building loyal customer bases. B) making more products available. C) making information available to everyone. D) lowering transaction costs.

53) What legal mechanism protects the owners of intellectual property from having their work copied by others? A) patent protection B) intellectual property law C) copyright law D) fair use doctrine

53) You work for a retail clothing chain whose primary outlets are in shopping malls and are conducting an analysis of your customers and their preferences. You wish to find out if there are any particular activities that your customers engage in, or the types of purchases made in the month before or after purchasing select items from your store. To do this, you will want to use data mining software that is capable of A) identifying associations. B) identifying clusters. C) identifying sequences. D) classification.

53) ________ modules deal with issues such as setting objectives, employee performance management, and performance-based compensation. A) SCM B) SFA C) ERM D) PRM

54) To what competitive force did the printed encyclopedia industry succumb? A) positioning and rivalry among competitors B) low cost of entry C) substitute products or services D) customer's bargaining power

55) A set of self-contained services that communicate with each other to create a working software application is called A) Web services. B) EAI software. C) SOA. D) SOAP.

55) Technology that consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior is called A) fuzzy logic. B) neural networks. C) AI technology. D) genetic algorithms.

55) Which of the following occupations would NOT be categorized as an "interaction" job? A) sales representative B) business manager C) engineer D) operations manager

57) An authentication token is a(n) A) device the size of a credit card that contains access permission data. B) type of smart card. C) gadget that displays passcodes. D) electronic marker attached to a digital authorization file.

57) Marketing modules in CRM systems would provide tools for A) assigning and managing customer service requests. B) capturing prospect and customer data. C) identifying profitable and unprofitable customers. D) managing sales prospect and contact information.

57) The discipline that focuses on mathematical techniques for optimizing parameters of organizations, such as transportation and inventory control, is A) management science. B) MIS. C) operations research. D) utilization management.

57) The most common Web server today, controlling 54 percent of the market, is A) Microsoft IIS. B) WebSTAR C) Apache HTTP Server. D) Netscape Server.

58) The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions is A) predictive analysis. B) SQL. C) OLAP. D) data mining.

58) Which of the following is not a trait used for identification in biometric systems? A) retinal image B) voice C) hair color D) face

59) Expert systems A) solve problems too difficult for human experts. B) are based on DO WHILE rules. C) work in very limited domains. D) share characteristics with mainframe computing.

59) Selling a customer with a checking account a home improvement loan is an example of A) operational CRM. B) direct marketing. C) cross-selling. D) cross-channel promotions.

60) A collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains to produce a product or service for a market collectively is called a(n) A) industry value chain. B) business ecosystem. C) value web. D) consortia.

60) It is unlikely you could represent the knowledge in the Encyclopedia Britannica with an expert system because A) there is no one expert who understands all the material contained within the encyclopedia. B) the knowledge changes radically over a short time. C) not all the knowledge in the encyclopedia can be represented in the form of IF-THEN rules. D) the knowledge is too general.

60) The costs for firms operating on a global scale have been drastically reduced by A) networking technology. B) investments in organizational complementary assets. C) the Internet. D) the rise of digital content.

60) The principal liaison between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n) A) programmer. B) information systems manager. C) systems analyst. D) CTO.

61) A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm. A) CEO B) CFO C) CIO D) CTO

61) In terms of data relationships, associations refers to A) events linked over time. B) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs. C) occurrences linked to a single event. D) undiscovered groupings.

61) Which of the following is not one of the four defining features of Web 2.0? A) interactivity B) real-time user control C) cloud computing D) social participation

62) Expert systems are expensive and time-consuming to maintain because A) their rule base is so complex. B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed.

62) If two organizations pool markets and expertise that result in lower costs and generate profits it is often referred to as creating A) a value web. B) a value chain. C) synergies. D) core competencies.

62) Overproduction or underproduction of goods and services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times are the results of a firm's having A) poor relationships with suppliers. B) poor relationships with customers. C) inadequate information. D) a surplus of information.

62) The ________ helps design programs and systems to find new sources of knowledge or to make better use of existing knowledge in organizational and management processes. A) CTO B) CSO C) CKO D) CPO

62) Two of the three principal sources of poor system performance are A) software bugs and errors and outdated standards. B) hardware or facility failures and malware. C) hardware or facility failures and poor input data quality. D) poor input data quality and insufficient integration with legacy systems.

62) Which of the following statements is true? A) GSM is the primary U.S. digital cellular standard. B) CDMA's strength is in its international roaming capabilities. C) CDMA randomly assigns users to a range of frequencies over time. D) GSM was developed by the military during World War II.

63) A firm that must invest in new information systems capabilities in order to comply with federal legislation can be said to be investing to achieve which business objective? A) customer intimacy B) operational excellence C) survival D) improved reporting

63) Analytical CRM applications A) include tools for marketing automation. B) provide consolidated data for operational CRM applications. C) are based on data warehouses consolidated from operational CRM applications. D) provide customer-facing applications.

63) SaaS refers to A) supplying online access over networks to storage devices and storage area network technology. B) managing combinations of applications, networks, systems, storage, and security as well as providing Web site and systems performance monitoring to subscribers over the Internet. C) hosting and managing access to software applications delivered over the Internet to clients on a subscription basis. D) none of the above.

64) Bluetooth can be used to link up to ________ devices within a 10-meter area using low-power, radio-based communication. A) four B) six C) eight D) ten

64) Operational CRM applications include tools for A) identifying buying patterns. B) calculating CLTV. C) salesforce automation. D) pinpointing unprofitable customers.

64) You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is A) case-based reasoning. B) artificial intelligence. C) fuzzy logic. D) expert system.

66) How would you determine the market demand for your firm's IT services? A) Perform a TCO analysis. B) Benchmark your services. C) Hold focus groups to assess your services. D) Analyze sales returns on key investments.

66) Network economics A) applies the law of diminishing returns to communities of users. B) applies traditional economics to networked users. C) sees the cost of adding new members as inconsequential. D) balances the high cost of adding new members to a community against the lower cost of using network infrastructure.

66) Which of the following statements about collaboration is not true? A) In business, a collaboration can last as little as a few minutes. B) Business collaboration relies on the formation of teams that are assigned a specific task or goal. C) Successful collaboration can be achieved through technology regardless of the organization's culture or structure. D) One business benefit of collaboration is improved innovation.

67) Detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant is called A) data auditing. B) defragmentation. C) data scrubbing. D) data optimization.

67) Engineers, scientists, or architects, who design new products or services for a firm, belong to which level of a business hierarchy? A) middle management B) production workers C) knowledge workers D) data workers

67) For 100% availability, online transaction processing requires A) high-capacity storage. B) a multi-tier server network. C) fault-tolerant computer systems. D) dedicated phone lines.

67) The next evolution in wireless communication is A) 3G networks. B) 2.5G networks. C) WiMax. D) RFID.

67) Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. C) Neural networks are programmed to "learn." D) All of the above.

68) The WiMax standard can transmit up to a distance of approximately A) 30 meters. B) 500 meters. C) 30 miles. D) 5 miles.

68) The term "________ divide" refers to large disparities in access to computers and the Internet among different social groups and different locations. A) computer B) technology C) digital D) electronic

68) You are creating a database to store temperature and wind data from national airport locations. Which of the following fields is the most likely candidate to use as the basis for a primary key in the Airport table? A) address B) city C) airport code D) state

69) You have been hired by a worldwide non-profit agency to implement a system to handle their donations. The system must be able to handle and record telephone, sms, and Internet donations, provide up-to-the-minute reports, and create highly customizable mailing lists. In addition, event fundraisers need to be able to quickly access a donor's information and history. Which of the following systems will best meet these needs? A) TPS B) TPS with DSS capabilities C) TPS with MIS capabilities D) TPS with ESS capabilities

69) ________ can be induced by tens of thousands of repetitions under low-impact loads. A) CTS B) CVS C) RSI D) Technostress

70) A managerial element in the UPS tracking system described in the chapter is A) taking inventory. B) providing package status reports to customers. C) the decision to use automation. D) in-house package tracking software.

70) Smaller firms may outsource some or many security functions to A) ISPs. B) MISs. C) MSSPs. D) CAs.

70) Which of the following is NOT a method for performing a data quality audit? A) surveying entire data files B) surveying samples from data files C) surveying data definition and query files D) surveying end users about their perceptions of data quality

70) You are consulting for a beverage distributor who is interested in determining the benefits it could achieve from implementing new information systems. What will you advise as the first step? A) Identify the business ecosystem the distributor is in. B) Implement a strategic transition to the new system. C) Perform a strategic systems analysis. D) Benchmark existing systems.

33) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS

21) As discussed in the chapter opening case, which of the four generic strategies did Verizon employ to combat the competition offered by AT&T? A) low-cost leadership B) focus on market niche C) customer and supplier intimacy D) product differentiation

21) From your reading of the Cannondale case study, the firm implemented new information systems in order to achieve which of the main six business objectives? A) customer and supplier intimacy B) survival C) competitive advantage D) operational excellence

22) Identifying customers is a responsibility of the ________ function. A) finance and accounting B) human resources C) manufacturing and production D) sales and marketing

22) Which type of infrastructure services provides voice and video connectivity to employees, customers, and suppliers? A) networking B) telephone C) VOIP D) telecommunications

22) ________ refers to all of the methods, policies, and organizational procedures that ensure the safety of the organization's assets, the accuracy and reliability of its accounting records, and operational adherence to management standards. A) "Legacy systems" B) "SSID standards" C) "Vulnerabilities" D) "Controls"

23) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by A) enforcing referential integrity. B) uncoupling program and data. C) utilizing a data dictionary. D) minimizing isolated files with repeated data.

23) The quality of ubiquity, as it relates to e-commerce, is illustrated by A) the same set of standards being used across the globe. B) the spread of plentiful, cheap information. C) the enabling of commerce worldwide. D) the availability of the Internet everywhere and anytime.

24) A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n) A) field. B) tuple. C) key field. D) attribute.

24) In the information age, the obligations that individuals and organizations have regarding the preservation of existing values and institutions fall within the moral dimension of A) family and home. B) property rights and obligations. C) system quality. D) quality of life.

24) The introduction of the minicomputer A) allowed computers to be customized to the specific needs of departments or business units. B) enabled decentralized computing. C) offered new, powerful machines at lower prices than mainframes. D) all of the above.

24) The telephone system is an example of a ________ network. A) peer-to-peer B) wireless C) packet-switched D) circuit-switched

24) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage: (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real time? A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 C) 2 and 3 D) 1, 2, and 3

25) A client computer networked to a server computer, with processing split between the two types of machines, is called a(n) A) service-oriented architecture. B) on-demand architecture. C) multi-tiered client/server architecture. D) two-tiered client/server architecture.

25) Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes A) wisdom. B) information. C) data. D) tacit knowledge.

26) All of the following are major features of organizations that impact the use of information systems EXCEPT for A) business processes. B) environments. C) goals. D) agency costs.

26) Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called A) change management. B) knowledge networking. C) the knowledge value chain. D) organizational learning.

27) Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age do the central business activities of ChoicePoint raise? A) property rights and obligations B) system quality C) accountability and control D) information rights and obligations

28) The act of engaging consumers in a dialog that dynamically adjusts the experience to the individual describes which dimension of e-commerce technology? A) ubiquity B) personalization/customization C) richness D) interactivity

28) Which of the following factors provides an understanding of why computing resources today are ever more available than in previous decades? A) network economics B) law of mass digital storage and Moore's law C) declining communications costs, universal standards, and the Internet D) all of the above

29) A relocation control system that reports summaries on the total moving, house-hunting, and home financing costs for employees in all company divisions would fall into the category of A) knowledge management systems. B) transaction processing systems. C) executive support systems. D) management information systems.

29) The logical view A) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media. B) presents an entry screen to the user. C) allows the creation of supplementary reports. D) presents data as they would be perceived by end users.

29) Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? A) Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. B) Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset. C) Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. D) Knowledge is unconditional.

29) Which signal types are represented by a continuous waveform? A) laser B) optical C) digital D) analog

30) DBMS for midrange computers include all of the following EXCEPT A) DB2. B) Oracle. C) Microsoft SQL Server. D) Microsoft Access.

30) The feature of political systems in which a body of laws is in place that permits individuals to recover the damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations is referred to as A) accountability. B) responsibility. C) due process. D) liability.

30) The term "management information systems" designates a specific category of information systems serving A) integrated data processing throughout the firm. B) transaction process reporting. C) employees with online access to historical records. D) middle management functions.

30) Why is overstocking warehouses not an effective solution for a problem of low availability? A) It does not speed product time to market. B) It is an inefficient use of raw materials. C) It increases sales costs. D) It increases inventory costs.

31) A salesperson clicks repeatedly on the online ads of a competitor in order to drive the competitor's advertising costs up. This is an example of A) phishing. B) pharming. C) spoofing. D) click fraud.

31) Non-typical business problems with causes and effects that are rapidly changing are typically handled by which type of information system ? A) MIS B) TPS C) ESS D) DSS

31) Output A) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information. B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage. C) transfers data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used. D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

31) The feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called A) due process. B) accountability. C) the courts of appeal. D) the judicial system.

32) Components or parts of finished products are referred to as A) upstream materials. B) raw materials. C) secondary products. D) intermediate products.

33) Microsoft SQL Server is a(n) A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices. B) Internet DBMS. C) desktop relational DBMS. D) DBMS for midrange computers.

33) Selling the same goods to different targeted groups at different prices is called A) cost customization. B) cost optimization. C) price gouging. D) price discrimination.

34) A company's organizations and processes for distributing and delivering products to the final customers is the A) supplier's internal supply chain. B) external supply chain. C) upstream portion of the supply chain. D) downstream portion of the supply chain.

34) A keylogger is a type of A) worm. B) Trojan horse. C) virus. D) spyware.

34) According to agency theory, the firm is viewed as a(n) A) unified, profit-maximizing entity. B) task force organization that must respond to rapidly changing environments. C) entrepreneurial endeavor. D) "nexus of contracts" among self-interested individuals.

34) Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? A) management information systems, decision support systems, and transaction processing systems B) enterprise systems, customer support systems, and supply chain management systems C) database management systems, expert systems, and knowledge work systems D) enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques

34) Which of the following is not one of the four main classifications for collaboration tools identified by the space/time matrix? A) synchronous/colocated B) same time/remote C) different time/remote D) remote/colocated

35) According to Leavitt's model of organizational resistance, the four components that must be changed in an organization in order to successfully implement a new information system are A) environment, organization, structure, tasks. B) technology, people, culture, and structure. C) organization, culture, management, and environment D) tasks, technology, people, and structure.

35) Uncertainties arise in any supply chain because of A) inaccurate or untimely information. B) poor integration between systems of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. C) inefficient or inaccurate MIS. D) unforeseeable events.

36) ESS are specifically designed to serve which level of the organization? A) operational B) end-user C) middle management D) senior management

36) Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative states that A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. D) if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take.

37) Compared to digital markets, traditional markets have A) lower search costs. B) stronger network effects. C) higher delayed gratification effects. D) higher transaction costs.

37) The ethical "no free lunch" rule states that A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. D) everything is owned by someone else, and that the creator wants compensation for this work.

38) A network that covers broad geographical regions is most commonly referred to as a(n) A) local area network. B) intranet. C) peer-to-peer network. D) wide area network.

38) Which of the following is not an example of a computer used as an instrument of crime? A) theft of trade secrets B) intentionally attempting to intercept electronic communication C) unauthorized copying of software D) breaching the confidentiality of protected computerized data

39) A manufacturer of deep-sea oil rigs may be least concerned about this marketplace force. A) product differentiation B) traditional competitors C) low number of suppliers D) new market entrants

39) Supply chain software can be classified as either supply chain ________ systems or supply chain ________ systems. A) push; pull B) demand; continual C) upstream; downstream D) planning; execution

39) The select operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available. B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table. C) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected. D) creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.

39) Which of the following is NOT an example of the emerging mobile computing platforms? A) netbooks B) the Kindle C) cell phones D) CRM

40) The hardware and software used to transfer data in an organization is called A) data management technology. B) networking and data management technology. C) data and telecommunications technology. D) networking and telecommunications technology.

41) Evil twins are A) Trojan horses that appears to the user to be a legitimate commercial software application. B) e-mail messages that mimic the e-mail messages of a legitimate business. C) fraudulent Web sites that mimic a legitimate business's Web site. D) bogus wireless network access points that look legitimate to users.

41) The Federal Trade Commission FIP principle of Notice/Awareness states that A) customers must be allowed to choose how their information will be used for secondary purposes other than the supporting transaction. B) data collectors must take responsible steps to assure that consumer information is accurate and secure from unauthorized use. C) there is a mechanism in place to enforce FIP principles. D) Web sites must disclose their information practices before collecting data.

41) ________ are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integration. A) Decision-support systems B) Management information systems C) CRM systems D) Enterprise applications

42) An example of a business using information systems to create new products and services is A) Wal-Mart's RetailLink system. B) the Mandarin Oriental hotel's customer-preference tracking system. C) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard. D) Apple Inc.'s iPod.

42) Selling products and services directly to individual consumers via the Internet best describes A) B2B e-commerce. B) C2C e-commerce. C) M-commerce. D) B2C e-commerce.

42) Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is A) expert system. B) neural network. C) case based reasoning. D) fuzzy logic.

43) European privacy protection is ________ than in the United States. A) less far-reaching B) less liable to laws C) much less stringent D) much more stringent

43) Supply chain ________ systems manage the flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses to ensure that products are delivered to the right locations in the most efficient manner. A) demand B) delivery C) planning D) execution

43) The type of database management approach that can handle multimedia is the A) hierarchical DBMS. B) relational DBMS. C) network DBMS. D) object-oriented DBMS.

44) The point-of-sale Pulse system used by Domino's to maintain consistent and efficient management functions in its restaurants is best categorized as which type of system? A) TPS B) DSS C) CRM D) more than one of the above

44) Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes a(n) A) investment workstation. B) organizational learning system. C) employee enrichment system. D) learning management system.

45) From your reading of the Southwest Airlines case study, the company implemented a new inventory management system to achieve which of the following six business objectives? A) customer and supplier intimacy B) new products, services, and business models C) survival D) operational excellence

45) The U.S. Department of Commerce developed a ________ framework in order to enable U.S. businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. A) COPPA B) P3P C) PGP D) safe-harbor

45) Your company provides online tax preparation software. Users can download forms and read tips online without paying, but a fee is charged for using the advanced tax form management services. This is an example of which type of revenue model? A) subscription B) affiliate C) transaction fee D) free/freemium

46) A ________ is very important to a knowledge worker's system. A) careful filing system B) financial analysis system C) CAD capability D) user-friendly interface

46) An industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure, optimize, tune, and heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction is called A) grid computing. B) utility computing. C) virtualization. D) autonomic computing.

46) The HIPAA Act of 1997 A) requires financial institutions to ensure the security of customer data. B) specifies best practices in information systems security and control. C) imposes responsibility on companies and management to safeguard the accuracy of financial information. D) outlines medical security and privacy rules.

46) The four major enterprise applications are A) SCMs, CRMs, DSSs, and KMSs. B) SCMs, CRMs, ESSs, and KMSs. C) enterprise systems, SCMs, DSSs, and CRMs. D) enterprise systems, SCMs, CRMs, and KMSs.

47) Which type of software is created and updated by a worldwide community of programmers and available for free? A) software packages B) mashups C) outsourced D) open source

48) Which organization helps define the overall structure of the Internet? A) none (no one "owns" the Internet) B) W3C C) ICANN D) IAB

49) An information system can enable a company to focus on a market niche through A) complex trend forecasting. B) tailoring products to the client. C) intensive product trend analysis. D) intensive customer data analysis.

49) In a business hierarchy, the level that is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business is A) middle management. B) service workers. C) production management. D) operational management.

49) The business value of an effective supply chain management system includes all of the following except A) faster time to market. B) cost reduction. C) supply matched to demand. D) increased inventory levels.

49) The most common type of electronic evidence is A) voice mail. B) spreadsheets. C) instant messages. D) e-mail.

49) Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system? A) computer-aided design system B) 3D visualization system C) investment workstations D) expert system

50) The P3P standard is concerned with A) controlling pop-up ads based on user profiles and preventing ads from collecting or sending information. B) allowing users to surf the Web anonymously. C) scrambling data so that it can't be read. D) blocking or limiting cookies.

50) Virtual reality systems A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects.

50) Which of the following are environmental actors that interact with an organization and its information systems? A) customers B) suppliers C) regulatory agencies D) all of the above

50) Which of the following best illustrates the sales revenue model? A) EBay receives a small fee from a seller if a seller is successful in selling an item. B) Epinions receives a fee after steering a customer to a participating Web site where he or she makes a purchase. C) Flickr provides basic services for free, but charges a premium for advanced services. D) Apple accepts micropayments for single music track downloads.

70) To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use A) CAD systems. B) virtual reality systems. C) fuzzy logic systems. D) intelligent agents.

51) A rival of your company, AutoTown, is going to implement analytic software that mines customer data with a goal of enabling the building of automobiles that customers actually want. This can be categorized as using information systems for which competitive strategy? A) low-cost leadership B) product differentiation C) focus on market niche D) customer intimacy

51) Investment workstations A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.

51) Which types of systems consolidate the relevant knowledge and experience in the firm to make it available to improve business processes and management decision making? A) TPS B) extranets C) KMS D) CRM

52) Which of the following distinguishes wikis from blogs? A) Wikis allow users to add content, whereas blogs are created by a single person. B) Blogs are personal publishing tools, while Wikis have business uses. C) Wikis require some knowledge of Web programming, whereas blogs are designed to be created by people without HTML skills of any kind. D) Wikis allow users to modify content created by other users, whereas blogs only allow comments to posted material.

52) Which of the following is not one of the techniques used in Web mining? A) content mining B) structure mining C) usage mining D) user mining

52) Which of the following systems is not used to capture tacit knowledge? A) expert system B) case-based reasoning C) fuzzy logic D) neural network

52) You are planning the launch of your new company, an application service provider that provides an online timesheet and project tracking application. To best communicate with and manage your relationship with your users, you would want to implement a(n) A) extranet. B) intranet. C) KMS. D) CMS.

52) ________ modules use many of the same data, tools, and systems as CRM to enhance collaboration between a company and its selling partners. A) SCM B) SFA C) ERM D) PRM

53) All of the following are direct business benefits of collaboration, except for A) improved quality. B) improved financial performance. C) improved customer service. D) improved compliance with government regulations.

53) ________ integrate(s) disparate channels for voice communications, data communications, instant messaging, e-mail, and electronic conferencing into a single experience. A) Wireless networks B) Intranets C) Virtual private networks D) Unified communications

54) Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery? A) expert system B) transaction processing systems C) case-based reasoning D) data mining

54) You work for an national car rental agency and want to determine what characteristics are shared among your most loyal customers. To do this, you will want to use data mining software that is capable of A) identifying associations. B) identifying clusters. C) identifying sequences. D) classification.

55) A data warehouse is composed of A) historical data from legacy systems. B) current data. C) internal and external data sources. D) historic and current internal data.

55) Netflix's public announcement of a reward for a technology solution to its movie recommendation system is an example of A) prediction markets. B) behavioral targeting. C) long-tail marketing. D) crowdsourcing.

55) SFA modules in CRM systems would provide tools for A) assigning and managing customer service requests. B) capturing prospect and customer data. C) identifying profitable and unprofitable customers. D) managing sales prospect and contact information.

55) The strength of patent protection is that it A) puts the strength of law behind copyright. B) allows protection from Internet theft of ideas put forth publicly. C) is easy to define. D) grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas.

55) The value chain model A) categorizes five related advantages for adding value to a firm's products or services. B) sees the supply chain as the primary activity for adding value. C) categorizes four basic strategies a firm can use to enhance its value chain. D) helps a firm identify points at which information technology can most effectively enhance its competitive position.

55) Which of the following is not one of the main firewall screening techniques? A) application proxy filtering B) static packet filtering C) NAT D) secure socket filtering

56) An inference engine is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in case-based reasoning. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining.

56) One of the difficulties of patent protection is A) that only the underlying ideas are protected. B) digital media cannot be patented. C) preventing the ideas from falling into public domain. D) the years of waiting to receive it.

57) All of the following are contemporary and growing hardware platform trends except A) green computing. B) virtualization. C) cloud computing. D) Unix.

57) Which of the following is one of the support activities in a firm's value chain? A) inbound logistics B) operations C) sales and marketing D) technology

57) Which of the following was the leading marketing format in 2010? A) display ads B) e-mail C) classifieds D) search engine

58) Backward chaining is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.

58) Which of the following statements is not true about search engines? A) They are arguably the Internet's "killer app". B) They have solved the problem of how users instantly find information on the Internet. C) They are monetized almost exclusively by search engine marketing. D) There are hundreds of search engines vying for user attention, with no clear leader having yet emerged.

59) The most successful solutions or methods for achieving a business objective are called A) value activities. B) best processes. C) core competencies. D) best practices.

59) The process of employing techniques to help a Web site achieve a higher ranking with the major search engines is called A) VPN. B) IAB. C) SEM. D) SEO.

60) The most common source of business system failure is A) software bugs. B) software errors. C) hardware or facilities failures. D) data quality.

60) Which of the following statements about m-commerce is not true? A) In 2010, m-commerce represented less than 10 percent of all e-commerce. B) M-commerce is the fastest growing form of e-commerce. C) M-commerce applications are especially popular in Europe, Japan, and South Korea. D) In 2010, the top-grossing category of m-commerce was e-book sales.

62) Currently, the protocols used for secure information transfer over the Internet are A) TCP/IP and SSL. B) S-HTTP and CA. C) HTTP and TCP/IP. D) SSL, TLS, and S-HTTP.

63) Most antivirus software is effective against A) only those viruses active on the Internet and through e-mail. B) any virus. C) any virus except those in wireless communications applications. D) only those viruses already known when the software is written.

63) The "do anything anywhere" computing environment can A) make work environments much more pleasant. B) create economies of efficiency. C) centralize power at corporate headquarters. D) blur the traditional boundaries between work and family time.

63) Which of the following standards is most appropriate for creating a PAN? A) WiMax B) IEEE 802.11b C) WiFi D) Bluetooth

64) An extranet that links a large firm to its suppliers and other key business partners is called a(n) A) e-hub. B) marketspace. C) exchange. D) private industrial network.

64) An information system can enhance core competencies by A) providing better reporting facilities. B) creating educational opportunities for management. C) allowing operational employees to interact with management. D) encouraging the sharing of knowledge across business units.

64) The practice of spamming has been growing because A) telephone solicitation is no longer legal. B) it is good advertising practice and brings in many new customers. C) it helps pay for the Internet. D) it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people.

64) Which of the following is NOT a challenge being faced by Salesforce.com, as discussed in the chapter case? A) increased competition from traditional industry leaders such as Microsoft and SAP B) continuing to differentiate its product and develop complementary new products and services C) maintaining 24/7 availability for clients D) moving into a more scalable, on-demand environment

65) Which field of study focuses on both a behavioral and technical understanding of information systems? A) sociology B) operations research C) economics D) management information systems

65) Which of the following roles falls into the duties of an information systems manager? A) writing software instructions for computers B) acting as liaison between the information systems group and the rest of the organization C) translating business problems into information requirements D) managing data entry staff

66) Which common database challenge is illustrated by a person receiving multiple copies of an L.L. Bean catalog, each addressed to a slightly different variation of his or her full name? A) data normalization B) data accuracy C) data redundancy D) data inconsistency

67) Which of the following is NOT one of the main six factors to consider when evaluating how much your firm should spend on IT infrastructure? A) your firm's business strategy B) the IT investments made by competitor firms C) market demand for your firm's services D) your firm's organizational culture

67) Which of the following is not one of the fifteen categories of collaborative software tools? A) file sharing B) event scheduling C) white boarding D) extranets

68) Which of the following is not one of the categories of services that are popular for m-commerce? A) location-based services B) financial services C) games and entertainment D) retail shopping

68) Your firm, an auto parts manufacturer, has just merged with an automobile engine manufacturer, and the two companies have different SCM systems. Which of the following strategies would be the most likely course to help to reduce the TCO of the merged firms' technology investments? A) Use Web services to join the two systems. B) Move one firm into using the other's system in order to centralize management and support services. C) Develop a single ERP system that encompasses the information needs and business processes of both firms. D) Purchase a hosted, on-demand ERP system that encompasses the needs and processes of both firms.

69) Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also A) establishes logical relationships between data. B) structures data. C) normalizes data. D) enforces consistency among different sets of data.

69) Which model can be used to analyze the direct and indirect costs to help firms determine the actual cost of specific technology implementations? A) total cost of ownership B) return on investment C) breakeven point D) cost benefit analysis

69) ________ integrate(s) multiple applications from multiple business functions, business units, or business partners to deliver a seamless experience for the customer, employee, manager, or business partner and provide a greater degree of cross-functional integration than the traditional enterprise applications. A) PRM software B) SFA software C) ERP suites D) Service platforms

70) You are planning the requirements for a site tracking and reporting system for your company Web site. Which of the following information requirements would not be essential for this function? A) number of unique visitors B) pages visited C) products purchased D) secure credit card clearing

23) An organization is a A) stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs. B) formal, legal entity with internal rules and procedures that must abide by laws. C) collection of social elements. D) B and C E) A, B, and C

46) Based on the examples in the chapter, if you were asked to formulate a plan for a regional drive-in restaurant chain's efforts to use information technology to develop a loyal customer base, what would be the best use of information technology from the list below? A) Use IT to increase supplier loyalty. B) Use IT to increase operational efficiency. C) Use IT to create new products and business models. D) Use IT to help survive government reporting requirements. E) Use IT to achieve customer intimacy.

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