ITNv7 lesson 13 - ICMP

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Neighbor Advertisement (NA) message

Address resolution is used when a device on the LAN knows the IPv6 unicast address of a destination but does not know its Ethernet MAC address. To determine the MAC address for the destination, the device will send this message to the solicited node address. The message will include the known (targeted) IPv6 address. The device that has the targeted IPv6 address will respond with an NA message containing its Ethernet MAC address.

Loopback address

An IP address that indicates your own computer and is used to test TCP/IP configuration on the computer. 127.0.0.1 ::1

Router Solicitation (RS) message

An IPv6-enabled router will also send out an RA message in response to an RS message in order to provide IPv6 address information dynamically.

ICMPv6 Code 1

Communication with destination prohibited

time exceeded

ICMPv6 message sent when the IPv6 hop limit field of a packet is decremented to zero and the packet cannot be forwarded

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol. Used for diagnostics such as ping and tracert. It is common to block ICMP at firewalls and routers. If ping fails, but other connectivity to a server succeeds, it indicates that ICMP is blocked.

ICMPv6 Code 0

No route to destination

ICMP Code 3

Port Unreachable

IMCP Code 2

Protocol unreachable

Router Advertisement (RA) message

Sent by IPv6-enabled routers every 200 seconds to provide addressing information to IPv6-enabled hosts. Can include addressing information for the host such as the prefix, prefix length, DNS address, and domain name. A host using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) will set its default gateway to the link-local address of the router that sent the RA.

What does a successful ping to the default gateway indicate?

The host and the router interface serving as the default gateway are both operational on the local network.

Hop Limit

The number of times that an IPv6 packet can be forwarded by routers on the network; similar to the TTL field in IPv4 packets. Once the Hop Limit field reaches a value of zero, it can no longer be forwarded and the receiving router will drop the packet.

ICMPv6

The version of ICMP used with IPv6 networks. Includes address resolution and address autoconfiguration.

Neighbor Solicitation (NS) Message

When a device is assigned a global IPv6 unicast or link-local unicast address, it may perform duplicate address detection (DAD) to ensure that the IPv6 address is unique. To check the uniqueness of an address, the device will send an this message with its own IPv6 address as the targeted IPv6 address. If another device on the network has this address, it will respond with an NA message notifying the sending device that the address is in use. If a NA message is not returned within a certain amount of time, the unicast address is unique and acceptable for use.

ICMPv6 Code 3

address unreachable

U

an ICMP message of unreachability was received

ICMPv6 Code 2

beyond scope of the source address

tracert command

displays every router hop along the path from a source host to a destination host on an IP network. Information about a router hop can include such information as the IP address of the router hop and the round-trip delay of that router hop.

ICMP Code 1

host unreachable

. (period)

indicates a time expired while waiting for an ICMP echo reply message

!

indicates receipt of an ICMP echo reply message

Destination net unreachable message

message received from the default gateway when the destination host is unreachable.

Four ICMP messages that are not used in ICMPv4 but are used in ICMPv6.

neighbor solicitations neighbor advertisements router solicitations router advertisements

ICMP code 0

network unreachable

ICMPv6 Code 4

port unreachable

ICMP messages

provide feedback about issues that are related to the processing of IP packets.

the IP address of the outbound interface

source IP address does a router use by default when the traceroute command is issued

Ping command

used to test the TCP/IP stack on a network host


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