IV Fluids & Medications AEMT

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Mechanism of Action:

is administered in anaphylaxis to cause vasoconstriction and relax bronchiolar smooth muscle

Aspirin (ASA) Route:

Oral

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Route:

Oral

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Indications:

Oral ingestion of toxins

Glucose Route:

Oral or buccal

Normal Saline Dosage:

Depends on the condition for which normal saline is being administered. Follow protocols. A keep-open rate is 30 mL/hour

Naloxone (Narcan) Dosage:

1 to 2 mg slow IV push titrated to restore respiratory rate. If no effect, may be repeated at 5 minute intervals. An intranasal formulation is also available

50 Percent Dextrose Indications

Hypoglycemia in adult patients

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Dosage:

0.3 to 0.5 mg subcutaneously or intramuscularly every 15 minutes as needed; pediatric dose, 0.01 mg/kg

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Dosage:

1 g/kg orally (adults and pediatric patients)

Glucagon Dosage:

1 mg

Glucose Dosage:

15 grams by mouth or applied to the buccal mucosa

Aspirin (ASA) Dosage:

160 to 325 mg of chewable tablets

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Dosage:

200 to 400 mg every 6 to 8 hours; pediatric dosage, 5 to 10 mg/kg every 6 to 8 hours

50 Percent Dextrose Dosage

25 g slow IV push; may be repeated in 10 to 15 minutes if blood glucose level (BGL) remains below 70 mL/dL. Pediatric dosage: 0.5 g/kg (500 mg/kg) of a 25 percent (10 g/100 mL) for neonates

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Class:

Absorbent

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Side Effects:

Acetaminophen is generally well tolerated and there are no significant side effects in therapeutic doses. In large doses, the medication can be hepatotoxic

Albuterol Sulfate Mechanism of Action:

Acts on beta2 sympathetic receptors in bronchiolar smooth muscle to cause bronchiodilation

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Indications:

Acute Anaphylaxis

Glucose Indications:

Acute hypoglycemia in a patient who is awake and can protect his own airway

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Dosage:

Administer 0.4 mg sublingually. If chest pain persists and the systolic blood pressure remains at least 90 mmHg, the dose may be repeated every 5 minutes to a total of three doses

Normal Saline Side Effects:

Administration of Large amounts of normal saline may result in hemodilution and electrolyte imbalance

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Dosage:

Adults 650 to 1,000 mg every 4 to 6 hours, 4-gram maximum per 24 hours; pediatric dosage, 10 to 15 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hours, 40 mg/kg maximum per 24 hours

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Class:

Analgesic, antipyretic (fever reducer)

Aspirin (ASA) Mechanism of Action

Aspirin blocks part of the chemical reaction responsible for activating platelets

Albuterol Sulfate Side Effects:

Anxiety, palpitations, chest discomfort, headache, and perspiration

Albuterol Sulfate Class:

Beta2-selective sympathomimetics bronchodilator

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Mechanism of Action:

Binds with ingested toxins in the GI tract to prevent absorption

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Side Effects:

Black, tarry stools, and constipation

50 Percent Dextrose Class:

Carbohydrate

Glucose Class:

Carbohydrate

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Indications:

Chest Pain associated with acute coronary syndrome

D5W Mechanism of Action:

D5W combines dextrose and water in a hypotonic concentration that will not remain in the vascular space, reducing the danger of fluid overload

D5W Indications:

D5W is used for prophylactic IV access or to dilute concentrated drugs for IV infusion

D5W Contraindications:

D5W should not be used for patients who require IV fluid replacement or in patients who are hyperglycemic. Do not use in patients with traumatic brain injury or stroke

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Contraindications:

Decreased level of responsiveness or increased risk of aspiration; or ingestion of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum distillates

Lactated Ringer's Solution Dosage:

Depends on the condition for which lactated Ringer's solution is being administered. Follow your protocols. A keep-open rate is 30 mL/hour

Lactated Ringer's Solution Contraindications:

Do not use in patient with heart failure, renal failure, or suspected hyperkalemia

Nitrous Oxide Indications:

Dyspnea, hypoxia; SpO2 < 95 percent.

Aspirin (ASA) Side Effects:

GI upset, bleeding, nausea, vomiting, and wheezing

Nitrous Oxide Class:

Gas

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Side Effects:

Gastric Irritation

Glucagon Mechanism of Action:

Glucagon causes a release of stored glycogen and its conversion to glucose when released into the circulation

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Contraindications:

Hypotension, increased intracranial pressure, and use of erectile dysfunction medications within 24 to 36 hours

D5W Class:

Hypotonic carbohydrate-containing solution

Normal Saline Indications:

Hypovolemia, heat exhaustion heat stroke, and diabetic ketoacidosis

Glucagon Class:

Hormone with antihypoglycemia action

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity

Glucagon Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity

Albuterol Sulfate Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity and symptomatic tachycardia

Aspirin (ASA) Contraindications

Hypersensitivity; Not given to children or adolescents with suspected viral illnessess because it is associated with an increased risk of Reye's Syndrome

D5W Route:

IV infusion

Lactated Ringer's Solution Route:

IV infusion

Aspirin (ASA) Indications

In the prehospital setting, acute coronary syndrome and stroke

Glucagon Indications:

Inability to establish intravenous access in patients with significant hypoglycemia

Glucose Contraindications:

Inability to maintain a patent airway

Glucose Mechanism of Action:

Increases blood glucose levels

50 Percent Dextrose Mechanism of Action

Increases glucose concentration in the blood for the reversal of acute hypoglycemia

Albuterol Sulfate Route:

Inhalation

Nitrous Oxide Route:

Inhalation via nasal cannula, face mask, nonrebreather mask, or bag-valve-mask device

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Mechanism of Action:

Inhibits inflammatory response by blocking formation of cyclo-oxygenase (COX-2), a chemical mediator of inflammatory chemicals such as prostaglandins

50 Percent Dextrose Contraindications

Intracanial hemorrhage (traumatic brain injury, stroke) and hypoglycemia

Glucagon Route:

Intramuscular injection

Normal Saline Route:

Intravenous infusion

Normal Saline Class:

Isotonic Crystalloid

Lactated Ringer's Solution Class:

Isotonic Crystalloid Solution

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Contraindications:

Known allergy to ibuprofen or other NSAIDS

Naloxone (Narcan) Contraindications:

Known hypersensitivity

50 Percent Dextrose Side Effects

Localized irritation of the vein

Albuterol Sulfate Dosage:

Metered-dose inhaler: one to two 90 mcg sprays. Small Volume Nebulizer: 2.5 mg diluted in 2.5 mL over 5 to 15 minutes: pediatric dosafe, 0.15 mg/kg diluted in 2.5 mL normal saline

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Indications:

Mild to moderate pain and fever

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Indications:

Mild to moderate pain and fever

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Side Effects:

NTG is a potent vasodilator and commonly causes an immediate headache. May cause dizziness, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, dry mouth, nausea, and vomiting. The spray or tablets may cause a burning sensation on administration

Naloxone (Narcan) Mechanism of Action:

Naloxone has a higher affinity for narcotic receptor sites and when administered displaces the narcotic, blocking its effects

Naloxone (Narcan) Indications:

Naloxone is indicated to reverse the respiratory depression associated with narcotic overdose

Naloxone (Narcan) Class:

Narcotic Antagonist

Glucose Side Effects:

Nausea and vomiting

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Class:

Nitrate; Vasodilatory

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Mechanism of Action:

Nitrates are potent vasodilators that increase blood flow to the coronary arteries and decrease cardiac workload by dilating the peripheral vasculature and reducing preload

Ibuprofen (Motrin) Class:

Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) (analgesic and antipyretic)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Route:

Oral

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) Route:

Oral

Nitrous Oxide Dosage:

Oxygen administration should be timed in maintain a SpO2 of 95 percent or higher. High oxygen concentrations for prolonged periods of time can cause oxygen toxicity. Therefore, ventilator patients are often kept below 50 percent oxygen when possible

Nitrous Oxide Mechanism of Action:

Oxygen is necessary for cellular energy production. When inhaled, oxygen molecules cross the respiratory membrane to attach to hemoglobin in red blood cells for transport to the tissues

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Side Effects:

Palpitations, tachycardia, anxiety, headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting are common side effects. Patients with underlying cardiac disease also may experience chest pain and acute myocardial infarction

Aspirin (ASA) Class:

Platelet aggregation inhibitor; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory; analgesic (painkiller)

Lactated Ringer's Solution Side Effects:

Rare in therapeutic dosages

D5W Side Effects:

Rare when given in therapeutic doses

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Class:

Sympathomimetic

Normal Saline Contraindications:

Should not be given to patients with heart failure, because fluid overload may occur

Glucagon Side Effects:

Side effects are rare, but hypotension dizziness, headache, nausea, and vomiting may occur

Lactated Ringer's Solution Indications:

Significant burns and hypovolemia

Naloxone (Narcan) Route:

Slow IV push

50 Percent Dextrose Route

Slow IV push through at least an 18 gauge IV catheter in a large vein. Monitor the IV site for infiltration during administration

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Route:

Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection

Nitroglycerin - Sublingual Tablets and Spray Route:

Sublingual

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Mechanism of Action:

The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but acetaminophen increases the pain threshold by blocking prostaglandin synsthesis and inhibits the effect of pyrogens in the central nervous system

Nitrous Oxide Side Effects:

There are few side effects associated with short-term administration of therapeutic amounts of oxygen. If used for prolonged periods of time without a humidifier, it may cause drying of the mucous membranes and nose bleeds

Nitrous Oxide Contraindications:

There are no absolute contraindications to the use of oxygen, however, there are complications associated with hyperoxemia, particularly in neonates and patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest

Naloxone (Narcan) Side Effects:

There are rare, but hypotension, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, and cardiac arrhythmias may occur

Epinephrine 1:1,000 Contraindications:

Use with caution in patients with significant cardiovascular disease or hypertension

Normal Saline Mechanism of Action:

Used to temporarily expand the vascular volume by replacing water and electrolytes

D5W Dosage:

Usually administered at a keep-open rate (30 mL/hour)

Albuterol Sulfate Indications:

Wheezing caused by asthma, and COPD, and some other conditions

Lactated Ringer's Solution Mechanism of Action:

is used to replace fluid and electrolytes