J1100: Exam 2

Which is a change to the journalist-audience relationship created by the internet? A. High-quality press criticism B. More traditional news organizations C. Citizen Journalism D. Less press criticism

C. Citizen Journalism

True or False: Public goods are difficult to sustain by market transactions alone.

True (As discussed in this week's lecture, public goods have a free rider problem and are susceptible to market failure. Therefore, public goods are difficult to sustain by market transactions alone.)

An increased participation of the audience in news making came about as the result of what? A. The rise of the internet B. The advent of constitutional democracy C. The Pepsi Challenge D. The rise of printed advertising

A. The rise of the internet

Which is a feature of the impact of social media on the production of journalism? A. Negation of the echo chamber effect B. Slowed speed of the news cycle C. Unprecedented access to the audience D. Strict lines between personal and professional boundaries for journalists

C. Unprecedented access to the audience

Who was the political analyst who argues that citizens were mostly passive when it came to engaging with their government? A. John Dewey B. Jon Bon Jovi C. Walter Lippmann D. James Carey

C. Walter Lippmann

Which of these is not an obligation citizens have to journalism? A. Respond to the news B. Develop media literacy skills C. Consume the news D. Be a citizen journalist

D. Be a citizen journalist

True or False: Historian Daniel J. Boorstin calls news that originates with press releases, government press conferences and legislative hearings "pseudo-events." This is an example of proactive news.

False

True or False: News, information, and journalism are synonymous, meaning they mean the same thing.

False

True or False: Reactive reporting is reporting on causes and consequences.

False

Which is one obligation citizens have to journalism? A. Respond to the news B. Free ride the news C. Only consume news from a single source D. Make the news

A. Respond to the news

What kind of system is the American media system? A. Commercial system B. Public sphere system C. Public subsidy system D. Natural system

A. Commercial system (The American media system is commercial, where mass communication is conducted by private businesses in the free market (Craft & Davis, 2016, p. 93-94)

Articles containing multiple news values are likely to appear where? A. In a prominent role B. In an opinion piece C. In the sports section D. In the back pages

A. In a prominent role

What pre-internet limitations aided news to compete for advertising expenditures? A. Limited advertising space B. Abundance of advertising space C. Pay per clicks D. Sponsored content

A. Limited advertising space

What pre-Internet limitations helped news compete for advertising expenditures? A. Limited supply of advertising space B. Abundance of advertising space C. Pay per clicks D. Advertorials and sponsored content

A. Limited supply of advertising space

Which term describes a piece of information determined to be important or interesting enough to share with the public? A. Newsworthy B. Premium cheddar C. News value D. Critical

A. Newsworthy

Which would be an example of citizen journalism? A. The use of a Wordpress site to convey community perceptions of a local government meeting B. The subject of a profile story sending a courtesy photograph to the news organization for use in the story. C. Sending a tip to a local newspaper about corruption in the City Council D. Responding to a city councilperson's statement on Twitter

A. The use of a Wordpress site to convey community perceptions of a local government meeting (The use of a Wordpress site by a citizen would be an example of a regular person using the "press tools" available to them. The rest are examples of acts specifically addressed as not citizen journalism.)

Which is an example of how the medium impacts the news-making process? A. Time dictates broadcast news be edited down to the second B. Online news requires strict word counts because of a limit on space C. Newspapers can neglect local news stories to focus on in-depth features D. Magazines have to respond to breaking news quickly to meet print deadlines

A. Time dictates broadcast news be edited down to the second

Your local newspaper published the results from last weekend's game on Wednesday. Which news value did the paper miss by publishing the story when they did? A. Timeliness B. Proximity C. Prominence D. Conflict

A. Timeliness

Which is an 18th century example of citizen journalism in America? A. Addressing a letter to a friend or family member and mentioning contemporary events B. Writing and publishing a pamphlet on contemporary events C. Giving a tip or story idea to a career journalist D. Holding a private discussion in a parlor on contemporary events

B. Writing and publishing a pamphlet on contemporary events

True or False: According to Judy Dempsey, social media is journalism. A. True B. False

B. False (In this week's reading by Judy Dempsey, she writes, "No. Social media is not journalism, it is a medium like TV or radio through which journalism travels")

Which is an example of a positive externality in journalism? A. A newspaper stigmatizes minority groups in its coverage of the AIDS epidemic. B. Fewer people get sick as a result of a newspaper investigation on poor food safety practices at a local restaurant. C. A TV station recycles stories about a new public library because of perceived community interest on the topic, and the community eventually loses interest. D. A TV station consistently reports on community crime, despite a decrease in the crime rate.

B. Fewer people get sick as a result of a newspaper investigation on poor food safety practices at a local restaurant. (As addressed in the lecture presentation, A positive externality in journalism is when the whole public benefits from the work of journalists.)

Which of these terms describes a person who does not subscribe to a newspaper, but still benefits from the work of the newspaper? A. Externality B. Free rider C. Subscriber D. Supporter

B. Free rider

Which of these does Jacob Nelson call "one of the most important, yet least studied, aspects of journalism?" A. How journalism relies on public funding B. How journalists perceive and pursue their audiences C. Audience subscription rates D. Background of reporters

B. How journalists perceive and pursue their audiences

Which news value refers to the measure of effect a news event will have on an audience? A. Prominence B. Impact C. Proximity D. Conflict

B. Impact

Which describes the direction of communication in the internet model? A. It's one direction from senders to audiences B. It's a two-way direction between senders and audiences C. There is no internet model for communication D. It's one direction from audiences to senders

B. It's a two-way direction between senders and audiences

Which word describes something interesting enough to the general public to warrant reporting? A. News B. Newsworthy C. Information D. Unimportant

B. Newsworthy

Which of these examples describe journalism as a public good? A. A citizen must pay to obtain the information in a piece of journalism once it's published. B. Once a piece of journalism is published, it can be shared by other means. C. When one person reads an online article, it prevents another person from accessing the content. D. Journalism is produced by private businesses for profits.

B. Once a piece of journalism is published, it can be shared by other means.

According to media scholarJay Rosen, citizen journalism is people informing each other through employment of what? A. iMessenger B. Press tools C. Gorilla journalism D. Tip line

B. Press tools

You decide to review the minutes for a local school board's last five meetings posted publicly. You discover one member has failed to appear three times without a recorded explanation. How would you characterize this style of news gathering? A. Reactive B. Proactive C. Insubordinate D. Responsive

B. Proactive

What do trust surveys measure? A. Factual errors in publications B. Public belief about a news organization's performance C. Journalist's trust in editorial decision making D. Attempted trust falls

B. Public belief about a news organization's performance

Who is the top boss in a newspaper operation? A. The senior staff reporter B. The publisher C. The copy editor D. The paid intern

B. The publisher

NPR's Sally Herships recommends reporters do three things to find story ideas. Which of these is not one of her tips? A. Do research and draw your own conclusions B. Wait for the assignment editor to hand out news assignments C. Keep a running list of curiosities D. Talk to people standing next to you in elevators

B. Wait for the assignment editor to hand out news assignments

Media companies sell two products. One is the content. The other is the attention of the audience reading, viewing or otherwise interacting with that content. What is this concept called? A. Externality B. Sponsored content C. The dual-product model D. Public service news

C. The dual-product model (The dual-product model is explained in the textbook using the example of CNN. "Media companies, like CNN, are really selling two products. The first is the programming, which is sold to viewers. The second is the viewers' attention, which is sold to advertisers. But in that model, only the advertisers really pay the bills (Craft & Davis, 2016 p. 73).

The textbook describes an editorial strategy of serving their audience as quickly and as locally as possible. What is this an example of? A. Broadcast news B. Long-form journalism C. Digital-first strategy D. Audience engagement

C. Digital-first strategy (In this week's Craft & Davis reading, they define a digital first strategy as: An editorial strategy of serving their audience as quickly and as locally as possible, meaning that legacy media organizations reorder their publishing priorities to break news over digital media first (2016, pg. 80).)

Which statement best describes the Broadcast Model? A. Many senders to many receivers. B. Few senders to few receivers recievers D. One sender in a two-way dialogue

C. Few senders to many receivers

Andrea Hart is the cofounder of City Bureau, a publication in Chicago. Hart thinks traditional journalism like daily newspapers doesn't have the trust of communities of color. Why? A. Hart thinks traditional newspapers focus too much on civic news B. Hart thinks traditional newspapers don't deliver paper copies to underrepresented communities C. Hart says traditional newspapers do an inadequate job accurately representing what goes on in areas where the bulk of the city's non- White residents live D. Hart thinks traditional newspapers show up too often and provide constant coverage of communities of color

C. Hart says traditional newspapers do an inadequate job accurately representing what goes on in areas where the bulk of the city's non- White residents live

Which is an example of how convergence is impacting journalism? A. Reinforcing the role of traditional journalistic mediums such as print and broadcast B. Decreased engagement via social media and interactive story features C. Increased engagement via social media and interactive active story features D. Allowing journalists to replace some articles or broadcasts with Twitter threads

C. Increased engagement via social media and interactive active story features

How do Craft and Davis describe "legacy media"? A. Legacy media no longer exists now that people can access news over the internet. B. Legacy media is early Web 1.0 static page electronic delivery of media C. Legacy media is dependent upon heterogeneous audiences and unidirectional communication from sender to receiver. D. Legacy media relies on a many-to-many communication model

C. Legacy media is dependent upon heterogeneous audiences and unidirectional communication from sender to receiver.

When journalism is considered a "private company selling products" it is adhering to which model? A. Democratic model B. Public spere model C. Market model D. Philanthropic model

C. Market model (This week's textbook reading compared and contrasted the market model and public sphere model of journalism. The market model considers journalism as "private companies selling products" (Craft & Davis 2016, p. 65). This question supports learning outcome 7: Explain how the economics of news affects journalism.)

Which describes a funding method based around charging readers by the individual article? A. Crowdfunding B. Live journalism C. Micropayments D. Subscriptions

C. Micropayments

What is an expense involved in creating journalism? A. Bribe B. Tax break C. Payroll D. Obituaries and advertisements

C. Payroll

Which of the following qualifies as a market-based alternative revenue model? A. Non-profits B. Government subsidy C. Paywall D. Public funding

C. Paywall

According to media scholar Jay Rosen, citizen journalism is people informing each other through employment of what? A. Gorilla journalism B. iMessenger C. Press tools D. Tip line

C. Press tools

What Web 2.0 technology does Hermida say focuses on "openness, connection, and sharing?" A. Internet surveys B. Video conferencing C. Instant messaging D. Blogging

D. Blogging (In this week's reading by Alfred Hermida, he writes, "Web 2.0 blogs and other social media focus on openness, connection, and sharing rather than solely the creation of content. The news media have widely adopted blogging by journalists, who see the conversational, informal, and often personal format as a way to connect with audiences and demonstrate transparency)

How do citizens trust journalists? A. By taking part in the information gathering process and monitoring the news making process. B. By doubting all information that does not agree with their political beliefs. C. By taking part in a heated debate in the comments section below an online news article. D. By taking them at their word that the information they are providing is accurate.

D. By taking them at their word that the information they are providing is accurate.

Which of these describes a distinctive feature of blog writing that separates the form from mainstream news writing? A. Avoiding a tone of snark and sass as sometimes occurs in the mainstream news B. Avoiding transparency as in the mainstream news C. Reporting objectively as in the mainstream news D. Covering what went uncovered in the mainstream news

D. Covering what went uncovered in the mainstream news

This person does not subscribe to a newspaper but still benefits from the work of the journalists. A. Non-profit B. Crowd funder C. Paywall D. Free rider

D. Free rider

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) operates as a "quasi-government trust." What revenue model is the BBC an example of? A. Shareholders B. Advertising C. Nonprofit D. Government support

D. Government support

What did Walter Lippmann conceive would eventually replace journalists? A. Nothing, journalists would not be replaced B. A collective consciousness C. Government officials speaking directly to the public D. Intelligence bureaus comprised of social scientists

D. Intelligence bureaus comprised of social scientists (In this week's reading from Wyatt (2010), the author notes that Lippmann eventually conceived of intelligence bureaus serving the role of journalists (p. 285).

What is the final stage of news routines? A. Selection and filtering B. Editing and processing C. Distribution D. Interpretation

D. Interpretation

Which term describes the criteria journalists apply to decide what gets reported on? A. News judgement B. Information judgement C. Information criteria D. News Values

D. News Values

Which statement most closely matches what Walter Lippmann believed? A. People yearn to participate in journalism and should be given the tools B. The "public" is the God term of the press C. Journalists should have his expectations of citizens D. People are busy and they need journalists to translate events for them

D. People are busy and they need journalists to translate events for them

Which statement most closely matches what Walter Lippman believed? A. People yearn to participate in journalism and should be given the tools. B. Journalists should have high expectations of citizens. C. The "public" is the God term of the press; without which the press does not make any sense. D. People are busy and they need journalists to translate events for them.

D. People are busy and they need journalists to translate events for them.

Which of these describes a benefit to having news values, according to Craft & Davis? A. They provide rules for how the news has to be made B. They prevent bias in journalism C. They provide rules for how the news has to be made D. They offer a way to discuss the first step in how news is made

D. They offer a way to discuss the first step in how news is made