Janas Audio 2: Study Guides

What are mults

- Multiple jacks connected to allow the same signal to be sent to other sources simultaneously - Multiple duplicate signals. A single input and multiple outputs - Multiple duplicate signals // A single input and multiple outputs

Group any instruments recorded with more than ___ mic

1 (one)

In regard to the I/O setup in Pro Tools REM A Default IO 073020.pio, what two additional outputs and busses are created for trackingIng

1 mono click buss 1 stereo with subpaths created Master bus

Microphone Cable Wiring diagram: Label the colors of the cable with the following: (hot/positive, cold/negative, ground/shield)

1- ground/shield 2- hot/positive 3- cold/negative

REM Studio C patch bay provides patch points for ___ Microphone Lines, ___ Tie Lines, ___ Outboard Inputs, ___ Outboard Outputs as well as ___ Apollo Line Ins, ___ Apollo Line Outputs, and ___ Apollo Mic Pres

16 ; 8 ; 12 ; 12 ; 4 ; 4 ; 4

How many Auxiliary Master outputs are on the Neve console

8 (eight)

Using your surname and assigned tracking date, what is the correct name of your folder

AGUILA_083020_24b48kHz

Naming the initial folder in Pro Tools causes the .ptx file to be named the ___. Once the tracking session has been created to specifications, the file is saved as ___

AGUILA_083020_24b48kHz AGUILA_3190.03_PJT_TRK

Output patch points from the Neve Auxiliary Master section used to connect to effects processor inputs or the Behringer Cue System inputs are labeled __ on the patch bay

AUX O/P

The "crossed pair of figure of eights" is the earliest of the XY techniques, and is configured with two bidirectional microphones oriented at an angle of 90º. It was developed by British scientist -- and consequently known as the -- array

Alan Blumlein Blumlein

What patch points are used to access outboard signal processor inputs and outputs

Aux Equipment In/Out

Explain how Track 22 is monitored at the console in MIC status before it is recorded

Be in MIC status Assign 1-2 to send to mix Push small blue fader Have input monitoring on in Pro Tools BEFORE RECORDING : print in record ready

Three coincident pair stereo microphone techniques are: --. They are 'coincidental' because each microphone receives sound from the source simultaneously while the amplitude of the source varies. Coincidental miking angles will vary from a range of -- degrees. (coincident pair)

Blumlein array, XY, and mid-side 90 to 120

For click emphasis, session data from the folder ___ provides additional quarter and eighth note samples

CJ Clicks

Using your answer from Q1(b), what is the other name for this microphone? Explain how it works.

Capacitor mic : the capsule has a conductive diaphragm and metal backplate that are close together. They are charged with static electricity to form two plates of a capacitor. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates which spaces the plates and results in a signal similar to the incoming wave being generated.

___ is the name of the track printed to track 22

Click Print

List the routing of the click and "CJ Clicks" output samples to the click print track input

Click on the output and select click bus; this routes the cj clicks to the click print. (click print input is click bus, click generator output is click bus, cj clicks output is click bus so generator and cj go to click print)

Between Q1(a) and Q1(b), which type of microphone has the fastest transient response? Why?

Condenser because it has a lower diaphragm mass

The Studio B Cue Amp is shared with Studio ___ by making a patch connection. Patch points to accomplish this are ___ & ___

D ; D CUE L to B CUE L ; D CUE R to B CUE

___ should be turned OFF during recording if over 100 samples

Delay Compensation

___ the first playlist, .01, after recording an acceptable performance. The first take will have the extension ___ while the second would have ___ and so on. The advantage of this method is that you can keep ___ and make all other playlists share the same ___

Duplicate ; .01 ; .02 ; the original count off from the first take ; starting point

List basic frequency response characteristics for the following microphone choices

Dynamic moving coil: rougher response, second most sensitive, (-75) dBV, slower transient response, decent low mid Dynamic ribbon: peak-free response, least sensitive, (-80) dBV, less voltage, low mass, high frequencies cancel by acoustic phase interference b/n front and back of ribbon, high frequencies make the signal have opposite polarity on opposite sides of the ribbon, it is an inductor so it will have less impedance to low freq and more to high freq so not a lot of high freq Condenser: wide/smooth frequency response, most sensitive, (-65) dBV for 74 dB SPL input, high voltage, more sensitive than moving coil b/c transduce is a more efficient design/has associated preamp, responds faster because of its low diaphragm mass and high damping, more extended high-frequency response, great transient response, high sensitivity

In MIC status, how do you individually increase or decrease the signal level return on a channel strip

Engage Mix 1 & 2 *OR* Mix 3 & 4 output pushbuttons under the small blue fader then raise/lower fader to desired monitor level

In MIC status a microphone signal found on channel 17 and assigned DIR, the channel's output is found on which patch point

Group Output 17

The multi-track routing matrix assignment pushbuttons correspond with what patch points

Group Outputs

Color coding of tracks in Pro Tools for REM Projects follow the recommended color scheme found where

In the mic input list and selecting instrument options

When using an outboard signal processor to process a single console channel, which input patch point to the console channel path is used to connect the output of the signal processor into the channel path?

Insert Return

After the amplifier on the console channel strip, what is the next available output patch point that does not require a fader or a routing matrix selection?

Insert Send

When using an outboard signal processor to process a single console channel, which output patch point from the console channel path is used to connect to the input of the signal processor

Insert Sends

What patch points are used to send a console stereo mix buss output to the inputs of an attached multi-track recorder

Insert return & Multi-track Send

In REM Studio A, the 24 analog inputs and outputs are facilitated by which brand of interface

Interface : Focusrite Model : RedNet

Which pushbuttons on the console channel strips correspond to GATE INPUTS 1-48 on the patch bay

Key

___ is a term used to describe the delay of the monitored signal returned through an A/D - D/A converter when using DAW recording software, or a computer operating system

Latency

-- is considered any unwanted sound from instruments other than the one at which the microphone is aimed

Leakage (acoustic bleed)

Channel Line/Monitor Inputs

Line level console inputs used for monitoring

Direct/Group Outputs

Line level console outputs from channels and groups

Multitrack Sends/Inputs

Line level tape machine or digital audio converter inputs

Multitrack Returns/Outputs

Line level tape machine or digital audio converter outputs

What inputs are used to patch your mix from an external signal processor (dynamic or eq) pre-fader to stereo mix buss inputs 1-2

MIX INS I/P 1-2

What outputs are used to patch your mix to an external signal processor (dynamic or eq) pre-fader from stereo mix buss outputs 1-2

MIX INS O/P 1-2

Channel Mic Inputs

Mic level console inputs

Which patch point accesses the console microphone preamp

Microphone inputs

In MIX status, what patch points enable the return of signal or provide input to the small faders

Monitor inputs

The outputs of the multi-track recorder are normalled to which patch points?

Monitor inputs and Line inputs

What patch points correspond to the actual inputs of the multi-track recorder

Multitrack Sends

Which from question 7 has no proximity effect or bass boost when used up close?

Omnidirectional

Studio Mic Lines

Output from the mics in the live room

What three folders are added to the session PJT folder

Project Info , Old Sessions , Flying Faders

If a microphone's maximum -- is exceeded, the microphone will begin to distort at the specified dB. To prevent this from happening, some microphones, particularly condensers, have a -- that will prevent distortion in the microphone circuitry

SPL pad switch (fixed amount)

According to Practicum 2, the main PJT student folder is created inside the class folder on the REM A Record Drive and is named

SURNAME_StartDate_BitDepthSampleRate

In MIC status, a microphone signal found on channel 17 and routed to 13 using the multi-track routing matrix must have which pushbuttons engaged

Select MTK 1-24 first then pushbutton 13/37

-- is the noise voltage a microphone produces, equivalent to what the mic produces from a given dBSPL. The -- the dB spec is, the quieter the microphone is

Self-noise lower

-- is a microphone spec that indicates how much voltage a mic produces when driven by a certain SPL. When the value is high, a microphone will put out a stronger signal then when it is low when both are capturing an equally loud signal

Sensitivity

Non-Normal

Signal only passes when a cable is connected. Often used when the top row and bottom row are unrelated. Typically, studio mic lines and channel mic inputs are normalled. You're always going to plug a mic into a preamp, and there's little need to mult it at this stage. Multitrack returns are usually half-normalled to channel line/monitor inputs, as you may want to mult the signal when mixing. Insert sends are usually half-normalled to insert returns so the signal will continue to flow as you're completing the patch

Full-Normal

Signal passes from the outputs to the inputs, without the need for a cable. The signal is broken when a cable is plugged into either the top or bottom row. The top output jack sends the audio signal to the bottom input jack until a patch cable is inserted. The cable interrupts that signal path and intercepts it, sending it through the cable only

Half-Normal

Signal passes from the outputs to the inputs, without the need for a cable. The signal is only broken when a cable is plugged into the bottom row. This allows you to "mult" a signal by plugging a cable into the top row and route it to another input. The original signal continues to the original input, as well as the "multed" input, creating a duplicate signal. The top output jack sends the audio signal to the bottom jack even if you've inserted a patch cable. This lets you split the signal to send to two inputs. The splitting will be interrupted if a cable is patched into the front input, though.

-- is the ratio in dB between signal voltage and noise voltage. The -- the number, the better, meaning lower noise

Signal to noise ratio (SNR) higher

What is the 3-1 rule?

Space the microphones at least three times the mic-to-source distance to prevent phase interference

The central patchbay provides tie line access between which studios

Studio A, B, C, D, and Bays

What is the purpose of the orange colored patch points found on each control room patch bay and the central patch bay

The orange patch points indicate tie lines. They provide access to available inputs/outputs of devices in other rooms

Thru Mode

The top output jacks only sends the signal to each other, back-to-front. Unless you plug in a cable to send the signal to an input, the signal hits a dead-end

One of the answers in Q7 has 3 subcategories. What are they?

The unidirectional has the categories: Cardioid, hypercardioid, supercardioid

The directionality of a microphone refers to its --. The 3 main types according to coverage are

a) omnidirectional à no proximity effect b) unidirectional à cardioid c) bidirectional

List typical applications for the following microphone choices

a. Dynamic moving coil: drums, guitar amps b. Dynamic ribbon: electric guitar, brass/woodwind/strings, overheads c. Condenser: acoustic instruments, vocals, cymbals, snare

List three techniques to reduce the answer from Q26

a. Mic closely, less distance between the source and mic b. Use directional microphones c. Set up gobos d. Over dub / HPF/LPF / directional mics / dead sounding environment

There are 2 categories of microphones from your answer for Q1(a). What are they? Explain how they function.

a. Moving coil : a coil of wire is attached to a diaphragm and it is suspended in a magnetic field. When sound waves vibrate the diaphragm, the coil vibrates in the magnetic field and generates a change in voltage or an electric signal. b. Ribbon : a thin metal ribbon in the capsule of the microphone is suspended in a magnetic field. The sound waves vibrate the ribbon and generate an electric signal.

Arrange the following microphone types according to their typical sensitivity specs from low to high: Condenser, Dynamic & Ribbon

a. Ribbon b. Dynamic c. Condenser

One type of microphone, known as a (a) receives incoming sound through its diaphragm and generates a signal using a magnet. The other known as a (b), uses an electrostatic field created by the varying distance of a conductive diaphragm from a metal backplate.

a: dynamic microphone b: condenser microphone Dynamic = electro-magnetic Ribbon = electro-magnetic Condenser = electro-static

There are 3 design types for the microphones from your answer in Q1(b). What are they and how do they function?

a: electret condensor b: basic capacitor c: RF capacitor

Since there is more than a single interface device in use, master wordclock sync is provided by the use of the

avid sync hd (puts rednet in same sample rate, instead of each having its own clock).

Generally speaking, the NEVE patch bay labels in REM A are located ___ the patch point, whereas in REM Studios B and D patch bay labels are located ___ the patch point

below ; above

Which type from Q7 inverts polarity relative to its other side?

bidirectional

The delay is controlled by the audio interface software and the DAW recording software by means of increasing or decreasing the ___. While ___ can stabilize performance playback of the DAW, it can cause significant delay whereby a musician plays a note and hears the ___ signal slightly later

buffer size ; increasing ; monitored

This stereo microphone technique (ORTF) originated in France and consists of two -- microphones oriented outward from the centerline with an angle of -- degrees and a capsule spacing of -- cm, or --inches

cardioid 110 17 6.75

The Middle-Side microphone technique incorporates the use of a -- (polar pattern) microphone for the middle component which is aimed directly at the --. The side component incorporates the use of a -- (polar pattern) microphone oriented -- to the middle component with the -- plane bisecting the sound source

cardioid (unidirectional) centerline bidirectional laterally (perpendicular) null

Call up bar beat counter Turn off loop playback New playlist on selected tracks New playlist on the selected track Duplicate playlist

command/3 command/click play button OR shift/command/L control/option/shift/backslash control/backslash control/command/backslash

If the Pro Tools I/O setup does not match what is required, one should ___

delete paths : in/out/bus reimport REM A default 10 07-30-20.pio

A microphone's -- response refers to the range of frequencies it will reproduce within a tolerance of --

frequency (+/-)3 dB

Guidelines for color tagging PJTs requires folders created by Pro Tools to be ___, whereas folders created by the user are tagged ___. Individual files are ___ color tagged

green ; red ; not

Electric guitars and bass guitars are generally -- impedance sources and require a -- box to convert the unbalanced signal from the instrument to a low-impedance balanced signal suitable for feeding a microphone input

high DI (direct)

When recording, a -- will reduce and remove undesirable low frequencies. This can be activated by a microphone's --

high pass filter low-cut switch

"CJ Clicks" are imported into your tracking session by selecting ___ in the File drop-down menu and confirm in open window that Audio Media Options has the selection ___

import session data ; copy from source media

Using an accented click can become hard to play to when ___

in case the musicians do a 2/4, ¾, etc ; weird accent on a non-downbeat

Creating a mix in Pro Tools during tracking in REM is not necessary because the NEVE console has ___ for monitoring of the tracks recorded. Mixing of those outputs are summed to ___

individual monitor paths ; mix output 1-2

Near-Coincident techniques give stereo impressions based on differences in -- and --. One advantage is they offer good --. Two techniques of this type are: (a) and (b)

intensity time localization ORTF NOS

Inputs to the channel path in MIX status are called

line inputs

The patch bay inputs to the Neve channel path in MIC status are labeled

microphone inputs

The patch points connected to wall mounted female XLR's found on the studio microphone panels are labeled

microphone line

Printing of a TRKMIX L & R to Pro Tools is accomplished by patching out of ___ into ___

mix output 1-2 or 3-4 ; TRKMIX 23-24

The input patch points of Plate Reverb 1 and Plate Reverb 2 located in the central patch bay are ___ (singular) inputs. __ transducer excites each plate while __ transducers return the signal in ___ outputs (dual)

mono ; 1 ; 2 ; stereo

A recording consisting of a coincident microphone technique will be --

mono compatible

In MIC or MIX status, the outputs of the multi-track recorder are labeled ___ on the patchbay

multitrack return

All Q1(b) microphones require a power supply to operate. One common method is through the use of -- which supplies -- volts across pins 2 and 3 of the microphone connector

phantom power 48

When recording a vocalist, it is necessary to use a -- to reduce words with excessive plosives that start with 'p','b','k' or 't'

pop filter

A -- peak is a noticeable emphasis of frequencies from 5-10 kHz

presence

When creating a click for the band to reference tempo, the Click Generator plugin should be set to ___

same sound setting & turn off accent

Cascading inputs and outputs in Pro Tools is quick when the shortcut ___

shift , command , option

Cascading inputs and outputs in Pro Tools is performed by selecting and holding ___ and selecting ___

shift/opt/command ; desired in/out

The Tascam 8-Track tape machines found in the machine room are used to generate analog

tape effects (delay, reverb, etc)

Which type from Q7 is generally used for coincident (XY) and near-coincident (ORFT) stereo microphone techniques?

unidirectional