Jeopthy 1-10 study set
A Python string literal can span multiple lines if enclosed with
"""
What is the result of evaluating this expression: "{0}.{1:02}".format(13,8)?
"13.08"
Which of the following are valid string literals?
"Reese's script" "42" "my script" 'my script'
What character is used to indicate the beginning of a comment in Python?
#
The average of 2 numbers is the sum of the two numbers divided by 2. Enter a valid expression which computes the average of two variables a and b
(a+b)/2
Let's look again at the integer division (//) and remainder (%) operators. What if the dividend (top number) and/or divisor (bottom number) is negative? It turns out that the remainder is always computed to be the same sign as the divisor, and the integer division satisfies the rule a = (a//b) × b + a % b
-19 // 3 -7 -19 % 3 2 19 // -3 -7 19 % -3 -2 -19 // -3 6 -19 % -3 -1
Suppose the script snake2.py is in the current working directory, is executable, and has an appropriate 'shebang' line. What is the bash command for executing this script?
./snake2.py
What is the output from this code fragment? for i in range(3): for j in range(1,3): print(i*j, end=" ") print('#', end='')
0 0 #1 2 #2 4 #
Invoking range(stop) yields a sequence of integers, from 0 ... stop - 1. Suppose variable x has the value 3. What sequence is produced by the expression range(x + 2)? Enter your answer as a sequence of integers, separated by spaces.
0 1 2 3 4
The 3 steps the CPU performs when it processes a machine instruction are called:
1. fetch 2. decode 3. execute
The number of distinct patterns that can be represented with 7 bits is
128
Let's look at the integer division (//) and remainder (%) operators. Compute the value of the following expressions. Your answers should be integers for the first two answers. Your answers must be floating point for the second two answers (since the use of 3.0 rather than 3 forces the answer to be floating point).
13 // 3 4 13 % 3 1 11 // 3.0 3.0 11 % 3.0 2.0
How many times is the body of this loop executed? for index in range(14): print(index * 3)
14
Previously, we worked invoked the range function with only 1 parameter. However, the range function accepts up to 3 parameters, so providing additional flexibility as to the sequence of numbers we can obtain. What is the sequence of numbers generated by the invoking the following range? range(2, 7) Enter your answer as a series of integers, separated by commas. For example, if your answer were the first 3 counting numbers, you would enter 1,2,3
2,3,4,5,6
What is the sequence of numbers generated by the invoking the following range? range(28, 8, -4) As before, enter your answer as a series of integers, separated by commas.
28,24,20,16,12
What is the sequence of numbers generated by the invoking the following range? range(5, 17, 3) As before, enter your answer as a series of integers, separated by commas.
5,8,11,14
Evaluate the following expressions. Enter the result in the corresponding box (or the letter x if the evaluating the expression produces an error). If your answer is a float value, your answer should be accurate to at least 3 decimal places. In the corresponding dropdown box, indicate whether the result is an integer, float, or error condition.
5.0 / 14.0 + 6.5 * 2 13.357 float 10 % 3 + 9 // 4 3 integer 17 ** 3 + 3 / (2 * 8 - 16) x error
What are the smallest and largest possible values which the expression randrange(6, 17, 6) can produce?
6 12
Recall that the DieView class used Circle objects to represent pips. How many Circles were created in each DieView object?
7
What are the smallest and largest possible values which the expression randrange(9, 14) can produce?
9 13
A key requirement for implementing a sentinel loop is that
A key requirement for implementing a sentinel loop is that
Select the Python operator used for the following operations:
Addition + Subtraction - Multiplication * Floating point division / Integer division // Exponentiation ** Remainder %
Suppose day, month, and year are int variables containing the current day, month, and year numbers. Which of the following expressions would produce a properly formatted date in month/day/year format?
All of the above
A developer should use choose top-down, bottom-up, or spiral design, but not mix styles.
False
A docstring is the same thing as a comment.
False
A function may only be called at one place in a program.
False
A sentinel loop asks the user whether to continue on each iteration.
False
A two-way decision is implemented using an if-elif-else construct.
False
An initial stripped-down version of a program is called a simulation.
False
An object may have only one instance variable.
False
Because Python identifiers are not case-sensitive, a Python variable named myvar can be referenced using any of the following: myvar, MYVAR, MyVar, myVar.
False
Evaluate this expression: True and False
False
Functions that live in objects are called instance variables.
False
If the following statement is executed, outfile = open('mydata.out', 'w') the program will crash if mydata.out already exists.
False
In Python conditions, "not equal" is written as /=.
False
In Python, some parameters are passed by reference.
False
In the Button class from the textbook, what does the clicked() method return if it is called on a deactivated button?
False
Instance variables go away once a method terminates.
False
Is the following expression always true, regardless of the values of a and b? not(a or b) == (not a) or (not b)
False
It's a bad idea to define new functions if it makes a program longer.
False
Multi-way decisions must be handled by nesting multiple if-else statements.
False
Post-test loops are useful control structures for input validation. Like other languages, Python directly implements these structures.
False
Programmers rarely define their own functions.
False
Programs no longer require modification after they are written and debugged.
False
Python keywords are good choices for Python identifiers (e.g., variable names or function names).
False
Python keywords comprise only lower-case letters.
False
The best way to become a better program designer is to read design books.
False
The best way to write a program is to immediately write down some code, then debug it until it works.
False
The first parameter of a Python method definition is called 'this'.
False
There is only one correct solution to a given problem involving decision structures.
False
a and (not a) a or (not a) a and ( a or (not a) )
False True Depends on the value of a
The term GUI stands for
Graphical User Interface
Select the corresponding character (or character sequences) that have the following mean in the bash command line interface.
Home directory ~ Current directory . Parent directory .. Path separator / Wildcard for filenames *
A function with no return statement returns
None
What class in the graphics.py module would be best for drawing a square?
Rectangle
What does the rgb stand for in the graphics function color_rgb?
Red Green Blue
What exception will the following code raise? a_list = list( range(15) ) for i in range(-1, 17): print('a_list[{}] = {}'.format(i, a_list[i]))
What exception will be raised? IndexError Why will this exception be raised? 15 is not a valid index for a_list
The first line executed in a Python script is a = b
What exception will be raised? NameError Why will this exception be raised? b is not defined
What exception will the following code raise? def ab(a,b) return a * b + b ab(5, '*')
What exception will be raised? SynataxError Why will this exception be raised? missing colon
What exception will the following code raise? def ab(a,b): return a * b + a ab(5, '*')
What exception will be raised? TypeError Why will this exception be raised? it's illegal to add a string to an integer
What exception will the following code raise? for i in range(10): rem = (((10)) % (i)) print('The remainder of 10 divided by {} is {}'.format(i, rem))
What exception will be raised? ZeroDivisionError Why will this exception be raised? 0 cannot be the second operand of %
What is the result of evaluating list(range(1,7,2))?
[1,3,5]
In a Python class definition, what is the special identifier used as the name of the constructor?
__init__
In a Python class definition, what is the special identifier used for a method which produces a string representation of the object?
__str__
The expression not (a==15 or b==15) is equivalent to
a != 15 and b != 15
A statement is
a complete computer command
The fragment for i in range(10): is an example of
a counted loop
The Python random() function produces
a pseudorandom float between 0 and 1
The expression randint(1,6) >= 5 evaluates to True
about 33% of the time
Evaluate the following expressions. Enter the result in the corresponding box (or the letter x if the evaluating the expression produces an error). If your answer is a float value, your answer should be accurate to at least 3 decimal places. In the corresponding dropdown box, indicate whether the result is an integer, float, or error condition.
abs(7 - 11 // 3) ** 3 64 integer math.sqrt(7 - 8) + 7 * 3 x error math.sqrt(abs(7 - 8)) + 7 * 3 22.0 float
A step-by-step set of instructions for accomplishing some task is called a(n)
algorithm
A prototype is
all of the above
Modern digital computers represent numbers
all of the above
The expression randrange(30) <= 30 evaluates to True
always
If a function returns a value, it is typically be called from
an expression
The fragment: i = 5 while i < 10: print(i * i)
an infinite loop
A Python convention for defining methods that are "private" to a class is to begin the method name with
an underscore (_)
The Python Boolean logic operators include
and, or, not
In the following Python function declaration def generate_message(name, message_type): what role do the the identifiers name and message_type play?
arguments parameters
If a function contains no return statement, it should be used
as a complete statement
Characterize the following line of Python script: x = x_0 + velocity * delta_t
assignment statement
The executable statements in a function are collectively called the
body
In a Button widget, what is the data type of the instance variable active?
bool
In the racquetball simulation, what data type is returned by the gameOver function?
bool
Alice just started work on an interactive maze game. She's not sure she knows how big to make the maze, so she starts her design by drawing a circle on the screen which will represent the player. She feels this approach will give her an idea of how large the maze should be. This design approach is an example of
bottom-up design
What statement can be executed in the body of a loop to cause the loop to terminate immediately?
break
When a program instructs a function to execute, we say the function is
called invoked
What is the bash command for changing the working directory to its parent?
cd ..
What is the bash command for changing the working directory to /usr/bin ?
cd /usr/bin
What is the bash command for making file lab4.py executable by the user? Be sure you have used the correct filename before grading your answer.
chmod u+x lab4.py
What Python keyword starts a class definition?
class
To implement new objects, a programmer writes a(n)
class definition
Which of the following is not a step in pure top-down design?
construct a simplified prototype of the system
A method that creates a new instance of a class is called a(n)
constructor
What statement can be executed in the body of a while-loop to cause the condition to be re-tested immediately?
continue
A statement that controls the execution of other statements is called a
control structure
usually begin a new Python script by copying an existing script that has some similarity to the script I want, then begin editing from there. Assume lab4.py exists in the current directory. What is the bash command for creating a copy of this script with the name lab5.py ? Be sure you have used the correct filenames before grading your answer.
cp lab4.py lab5.py
An object combines
data and operations
Create a function areaOfRectangle(rectangle), which calculates the area of a rectangle.
def areaOfRectangle(rectangle): p1, p2 = rectangle.getP1(), rectangle.getP2() deltaX = p2.getX() - p1.getX() deltaY = p2.getY() - p1.getY() return deltaX * deltaY
Create a function averageNaturals(n), which returns the average of the first n natural numbers (i.e., average of 1, 2, 3, ... , n). Assume that the argument n is an integer ≥ 1.
def averageNaturals(n): n = (1+n)/2 return n
reate a function buildSquare(center, side), where center is a Point object, and side is a float. Your function should return a Rectangle object that is a square centered at center, with side length side.
def buildSquare(center, side): half_side = side / 2 x, y = center.getX(), center.getY() p1 = Point(x - half_side, y - half_side) p2 = Point(x + half_side, y + half_side) return Rectangle(p1, p2)
In this category, you will be asked to define some simple functions, which require at most a few lines (often only 1 or 2 lines in the function body) to implement. Your code will have to follow very specific guidelines in order for the automatic grader to recognize it as correct. So that you will understand exactly what is expected, this first problem is a giveaway. I provide you with the code for the function ... all you have to do is cut-and-paste into the solution box. The area of a circle is given by the formula A=πr2 Write a function called circle_area which accepts a single parameter radius. Your function will return the area of a circle with the given radius. Simply cut-and-paste the following solution into the answer box: def circle_area(radius): return math.pi * radius ** 2 Behind the scenes, import math has already been executed, so you don't need to include any import statement to use the math library.
def circle_area(radius): return math.pi * radius ** 2
Write a function distance which accepts 4 parameters: x1, y1, x2, y2 (in that order). The function should return the distance between the points.
def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2): deltay = y2 - y1 deltax = x2 - x1 return math.hypot(deltax, deltay) # or, if you forgot about math.hypot # return math.sqrt(deltax ** 2 + deltay ** 2)
Write a Python function called herons(a,b,c) that accepts three parameters, the length of the 3 sides of a triangle, and returns the area of that triangle. Assume that the math library has already been imported, so you can use math.sqrt(x) to calculate a square root.
def herons(a,b,c): s=(a+b+c)/2 return math.sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c))
Write a function slope which accepts 4 parameters: x1, y1, x2, y2 (in that order). The function should return the slope of the line.
def slope(x1, y1, x2, y2): deltay = y2 - y1 deltax = x2 - x1 return deltay / deltax
The volume of a sphere is given by the formula V=43πr3 Write a function called sphere_volume which accepts has a single parameter radius. Your function will return the volume of a sphere with the given radius. As before, import math has already been executed, so you don't need to include any import statement to use the math library.
def sphere_volume(radius): return 4 / 3 * math.pi * radius ** 3
Create a function sumASCII(s), which returns the total (modulo 100) of the ASCII values of the characters in string s. Modulo is the mathematical term for remainder (e.g., 13 modulo 10 is 3).
def sumASCII(s): total = 0 for char in s: total += ord(char) return total % 100
Create a function sumAndSquareRoot(x), which returns a tuple. The argument x is a floating point number, and can be negative. The first element of the tuple (at index 0) is the square of x and the second element of the tuple is the square root of the absolute value of x.
def sumAndSquareRoot(x): return x * x,math.sqrt( abs(x) )
Create a function totalNCubes(n), which returns the total (sum) of the cubes of the first n natural numbers.
def totalNCubes(n): total = 0 for i in range(n): total += (i+1) ** 3 return total
Create a function totalOddSquares(n), which returns the total (sum) of the squares of all odd natural numbers ≤ n.
def totalOddSquares(n): total = 0 for i in range(1, n+1, 2): total += i * i return total
In the following Python code def greeting(person): pass
define
A string literal immediately following a class or function definition heading is a
documentation string (docstring)
A batch-oriented program is one that
does its input and output through files
What is the bash command for converting DOS-style line endings into Unix-style line endings?
dos2unix
Which of the following are Python keywords?
else pass
Keeping the details of how an object is represented inside a class definition is called
encapsulation
The Python numeric type for representing numbers containing fractional values is
float
Which of the following expressions result in a float value of 123?
float(int('123')) 123 / 1 float('123') 123.0
A method definition is similar to a(n)
function definition
Given the following function definition: def goodbye(): print("Goodbye World") What statement would you use to invoke this function?
goodbye()
Python is an example of a(n):
high-level programming language
Assume program execution has reached the first line of the code fragment below. Which lines will be executed? x = 7 // 2 if x > 3: x += 4 else: x *= 7
if x > 3: x *= 7 x = 7 // 2
Assume program execution has reached the first line of the code fragment below. Which lines will be executed? x = 4 if x > 3: x += 3 if x >= 7: x *= 7
if x >= 7: x *= 7 x = 4 if x > 3: x+= 3
The best structure for implementing a multi-way decision in Python is generally
if-elif-else
What Python statement allows the math library to be used in a program?
import math
In Python, the body of a decision is indicated by
indentation
Which of the following commands would be used to open a file called "foobar.dat" so that its contents could be read into memory?
infile = open("foobar.dat","r")
A loop that never terminates is called a(n) A priming read is part of the pattern for a(n) A loop structure that tests the loop condition after executing the loop body is called a(n) A loop pattern that continues until a special value is input is called a(n) A loop pattern that asks the user whether to continue on each iteration is called a(n)
infinite loop sentinel loop post-test loop sentinel loop interactive loop
The arrows in a module hierarchy chart depict
information flow
Which of the following is not a category of object methods?
instance variable
Data inside of objects is stored in
instance variables
The Python numeric type that is best for representing positive and negative whole numbers is
int
A(n) _____ analyzes and executes source code as necessary. An -----translates from source code written in high-level language to machine code.
interpreter compiler
Coordinate transformation
is a well-studied component of computer graphics
Consider the following fragment of code for processing the lines of a text file: line = infile.readline() while line != "": # process line line = infile.readline()
it reaches the end of the file
Which of the following is not true of top-down design
it's not suited for object-oriented programming
What is the bash command for listing all files (including directories) in the current working directory?
ls
Which of the following are listed as Trigonometric Functions in the Math library documentation?
math.cos(x) math.atan2(x)
Identifiers in Python may not contain
spaces
Which of the following are legal identifiers?
spam_and_eggs spam _3 spam4U spAm
A graphical view of the dependencies among components of a design is called a(n)
structure chart
Unit testing is
testing a component of a program in isolation
The place in a system structure chart to start unit-testing is
the bottom
Which of the following are steps in the function calling process?
the calling program suspends the body of the function executes the formal parameters are assigned the value of the actual parameters control returns to the point just after the function was called
One disadvantage of using binary floating point representations is that
they are often only approximations
The goal of the specification phase of the software development process is
to determine what the program should do
Which of the following are reasons to use functions?
to make a program more modular to reduce code duplication to make a program more self-documenting
A structure in which one decision leads to another set of decisions, which leads to another set of decisions, etc., is called a decision
tree
Which of the following are Python keywords ?
try from continue
In lecture, the famous quotation "Damn the torpedoes, full-speed ahead!" was used to describe which control structure?
try-except
Python exceptions can be caught using what kind of statement?
try-except
Aliasing is the situation when
two different variables refer to the same object in memory
In modern Python, an int that grows very large
uses more memory
Main memory is ---- , which means that the information in memory is lost when power is turned off.
volatile
Although not covered in our textbook, augmented assignment is a relatively simple concept. See Lessons → Chapter 2 → Augmented Assignment. After the following code executes, what are the values for w, x, y and z? w, x, y, z = 3, 4, 5, 24 a, b, c, d = 13, 6, 3, 2 w += a x -= b y *= c z /= d
w: 16 x: -2 y: 15 z: 12.0
Which of the following are Python keywords?
while finally else not
In Python, indefinite loops are implemented using a
while-loop
How would you create a 200x200 graphics window titled MyWindow?
win = GraphWin('MyWindow')
What command would set the coordinates of win to go from (0,0) in the lower-left corner to (10,10) in the upper-right?
win.setCoords(0, 0, 10, 10)
Suppose you want to create a square graphics window and draw lines to divide it into four equal-sized quadrants. Fill in the missing line in this code: win=GraphWin('Four Square', size, size) # missing line here Line(Point(0,1),Point(2,1)).draw(win) Line(Point(1,0),Point(2,0)).draw(win)
win.setCoords(0,0,2,2)
The racquetball simulation showed that a player with a 5% advantage in skill
wins significantly more games than his opponent
Assume program execution has reached the first line of the code fragment below. Which lines will be executed? x = 3 if x > 3: x += 4 if x >= 3: x *= 7
x = 3 if x > 3:
Assume program execution has reached the first line of the code fragment below. Which lines will be executed? x = 3 if x > 3: x += 4 if x >= 7: x *= 7
x = 3 if x > 3: if x >= 7:
Suppose that the variable x currently has the value 20. What statement would cause the value of x to become 25?
x = x + 5
What is the condition in the following code fragment? x = 3 * 5 if x > 3: x += 3 x *= 6
x > 3
After executing the following code, what are the values of x, y, and z? x = 4 y = 5 z = 13 x, y, z = y, z, x
x: 5 y: 13 z: 4
The string "slots" that are filled in by the format method are marked by:
{ }
A sentinel loop should not actually process the sentinel value.
True
A simple decision can be implemented with an if statement.
True
A single try statement can catch multiple kinds of errors.
True
ASCII is a standard for representing characters using numeric codes.
True
An algorithm can be written without using a programming language.
True
An outer loop and an inner loop comprise nested loops.
True
Bottom-up design starts with low level details and works up to the big picture.
True
Certain methods which begin and end with two underscores have a special meaning in Python.
True
Encapsulation is only a programming convention in Python, and is not enforced per se.
True
Encapuslation allows us to modify and improve classes independently, without breaking other parts of the program.
True
Evaluate this expression: True or False
True
Every Python function returns some value.
True
Expressions are built from literals, variables, and operators.
True
Functions are useful for improving the logical design of programs by breaking them up into smaller, more readable chunks.
True
Hardware is the physical computer system; software contains the instructions used to control the hardware.
True
In Python "4" + "5" is "45".
True
In Python, a function can return multiple values by returning multiple expressions, separated by commas.
True
In mathematics, x=x+1 is nonsense, since subtracting x from both sides means 0=?1 However, in Python as in most computer languages, x = x + 1 is a legal statement.
True
In top-down design, the main algorithm is written in terms of functions that don't yet exist.
True
Information can be passed into a function through parameters.
True
Instance variables are used to store data inside an object.
True
Is the following expression always true, regardless of the values of a and b? a and (b or c) == (a and b) or (a and c)
True
It is considered bad style to directly access an instance variable outside of a class definition.
True
Modules, variables, and functions are named using identifiers.
True
New objects are created by invoking a constructor.
True
Objects are instances of classes.
True
One reason to use functions is to reduce code duplication.
True
Python identifiers must start with a letter or underscore.
True
Strings are compared by lexicographic ordering.
True
The condition x <= y <= z is allowed in Python.
True
The expression (a==b or True) evaluates to
True
The last character of a string s is at position len(s)-1.
True
The programming language Python is named after the British comedy troupe Monty Python's Flying Circus rather than the snake.
True
The readline() method for file objects returns all text up to and including the next newline character.
True
The split() method breaks a string into a list of substrings, and join() does the opposite.
True
Top-down design is also called stepwise refinement.
True
Traditionally, the upper-left corner of a graphics window has coordinates (0,0).
True
Using the / operator to divide two numbers always results in a float value, even if the two numbers are int's.
True
Variables defined in a function are local to that function.
True
Well-chosen function names and parameter names can make your code significantly more readable.
True
The literals for type bool are
True, False
A successor to ASCII that includes characters from nearly all written languages is
Unicode
Taking the square root of a negative value with math.sqrt produces a(n)
ValueError
The statement infile = open('myfile.dat', 'r') has already been executed. Which of the following program fragments will display the contents of the file exactly as in the file?
print(infile.read(), end='')
Which of the following are functions in the Python math library?
radians(x) factorial(x) hypot(x, y) cos(x)
Which of the following are Python built-in functions ?
range() len() int() round() float()
An algorithm is like a
recipe
A function can send output back to the program with a(n)
return
Recall that the Student class had instance variables name, hours, and qpoints. What is the missing line from the following method definition? def gpa(self): # missing line
return self.qpoints / self.hours
What is the bash command for removing child directory lab3 from the current directory? Be sure you have used the correct directory name before grading your answer.
rmdir lab3
Suppose that variable x has the value 510.2975688242326. What is the result of the following invocations of round()?
round(x) 510.0 round(x,2) 510.3 round(x,-1) 510.0
What are the strings s and t after the following statements are exectuted? s = 'Flora' t = s.upper()
s: Flora t: FLORA
What are the strings s, c, and r after the following statements are executed? s = 'loopholes'.upper() c = 'o'.upper() r = s.replace(c, c.lower())
s: LOOPHOLES c: O r: LooPHoLES
Given a string s, which of the following is/are the same as s?
s[:5] + s[5:] s[0:] s[:len(s)] s[:]
Given a string s, that is at least 3 characters long, which of the following is the same as s[0:-1]?
s[:len(s)-1]
What condition is True when a racquetball game is still in progress (i.e., game not over) and False if it has ended?
scoreA < 15 and scoreB < 15
Magnetic or optical media are generally used for:
secondary memory
Within a method definition, the instance variable x could be accessed via which expression?
self.x
What is the missing line of code from this fragment taken from the racquetball simulation: if serving == "A" if random() < probA: scoreA += 1 else: # missing line
serving = "B"
Which of the following methods is not part of the Button class in this chapter?
setLabel
What command would be used to draw the graphics object shape into the graphics window win?
shape.draw(win)
The term for an operator that may not evaluate one of its subexpressions is
short-circuit
In top-down design, problems are broken down into
smaller problems
Identify the type of assignment in the following lines of code:
Augmented Assignment c *= z Simultaneous Assignment c, y = 9 , 17 Simple Assignment c = z * z
An expression that evaluates to either True or False is called
Boolean
Which statement correctly draws a circle of radius 10 centered at (50,50) in the graphics window win?
Circle(Point(50,50), 10).draw(win)
Which of the following classes are in the graphics library?
Line Polygon Rectangle Oval
What expression would create a line from (2,3) to (4,5)?
Line(Point(2,3), Point(4,5))
Assume program execution has reached the first line of the code fragment below. Which will be printed? x, y = 3, 3 try: z = 4 / (x - y) print("There's no place like home") except ZeroDivisionError: print('Lions and tigers and bears!') except ValueError: print('Oh my!') except NameError: print("I don't think we're in Kansas anymore!") except OverflowError: print("Run, Toto, run!")
Lions and tigers and bears!
A simulation that uses probabilistic events is called
Monte Carlo
A decision structure is one type of control structure.
True
A loop which exits from within the body of the loop is sometimes known as a 'loop and a half'.
True
Given a float value, we frequently want an int value near the float value. Depending on the situation, we may want the next higher or next lower integer, or we may want the closest integer. Note the use of the floor ⌊⌋ and ceiling ⌈⌉ symbols, which you may not have seen before. floor(x) = ⌊x⌋ is the largest integer ≤ x ceiling(x) = ⌈x⌉ is the smallest integer ≥ x. Ref: Wikipedia: Floor and ceiling functions We can also round off to the nearest integer, or truncate toward zero. Suppose x is 1.628. Use the Python interpreter (remembering to import the math library) for the following computations, which should help you understand how these functions work.
math.floor(x) 1 math.floor(-x) -2 math.ceil(x) 2 math.ceil(-x) -1 math.round(x) 2 math.round(-x) -2 math.trunc(x) 1 math.trunc(-x) -1
Which of the following are listed as constants in the Math library?
math.pi math.e
Suppose p1 and p2 are Point objects. What expression(s) could compute the distance between these two points?
math.sqrt((p2.getX()-p1.getX())**2 + (p2.getY()-p1.getY())**2) math.hypot( p2.getX()-p1.getX(), p2.getY()-p1.getY() )
The operations that an object knows are called
methods
What is the bash command for creating a directory in the file system?
mkdir
Here is the pattern for an interactive loop. What is the missing condition? set moredata to "yes" while « missing condition here » get the next data item process the item ask user if there is moredata
moredata is "yes"
A function can modify the value of an actual parameter only if it's
mutable
Given a Text object named myText, which statements would be combined to produce bold arial font, size 16 points?
myText.setFace('arial') myText.setStyle('bold') myText.setSize(16)
Given a Text object named myText, which statements would be combined to produce bold arial font, size 16 points?
myText.setFace('arial') myText.setStyle('bold') myText.setStyle('bold')
Placing a decision inside of another decision is an example of
nesting
Which of the following is not a valid rule of Boolean algebra?
not(a and b) == not(a) and not(b)
Which of the following expressions correctly determines if two points (p1 and p2) are at the same location?
p1.getX()==p2.getX() and p1.getY()==p2.getY()
A graphics display is composed of a grid of very small picture elements whose color can be controlled. These elements are called
pixels
Formal and actual parameters are typically matched up by
position