JOU EXAM 2

"Was Media Skeptical Enough of Jussie Smollett" video?

Identity? Bleach? Maga hats? 911 call? Rope?

"A thousand details make one impression"

author & journalism professor John McPhee at Princeton

What does Scott Pelley believe to be the greatest threat to democracy?

poison of information

The best question, Terkel often said was:

"And then? What happened next?"

Sam Dolnick

"Coin of the realm" refers to "the ability to find out new facts and to uncover things that someone doesn't want you to uncover"; NY Times assistant managing editor who oversees digital initiatives

A.G. Sulzberger

"I've always had a theory that decent journalists are contrarians by nature, b/c they have to ask tough questions of people. And assume people are lying to them, and wake up in the middle of the night wondering if they got something wrong"

Pelley gives us a couple of exercises to practice about writing. One is:

"If I had to write about this place, or this person, or this moment, what are the unnoticed details that would bring my story to life?"

What is Pelley's maxim that he often repeats around the newsroom?

"If we're first, no one will remember. If we're wrong, no one will ever forget."

Trump endorsed a candidate for the US House of Representatives who had pleaded guilty to body-slamming and punching a journalist; He called this candidate ___

"My kind of guy"

_____ is also about working equally hard to see both sides (or the many sides) of a story

"Seeing"

Back in 1972, a major poll found CBS Evening News managing editor, Walter Cronkite, was _____

"The Most Trusted Man in America"

What does Pelley say journalists do?

"We bridge differences, serve public safety, expose corruption, constrain power & give voice to the voiceless"

Guy's Italian surname translates to

"bell tower"

Bots sent ____ election-oriented tweets concocted by the Russians

1.4 million

Journalism is _____

a relationship business

The best interviews are _____

partnerships

The Sedition Act outrage Madison and Thomas Jefferson

true

Brant Houston, the knight chair in investigative and enterprise reporting at the University of Illinois calls a

"documents state of mind"; instructs students about the importance of "interviewing" documents and databases just as they would a human subject

Dana Priest & Anne Hull

won 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for their Washington Post series about inadequate and alarming conditions that injured soldiers and Marines were forced to endure at Walter Reed Army Medical Center; Much of the early reporting, Hull said, began w/ the reporters simply hanging out w/ people who had been treated at the hospital

Carl Bernstein

won a Pulitzer Prize w. Bob Woodward at the Washington Post for coverage of Watergate scandal describes this process (skepticism) as one of "sustained inquiry"

The word verb is Latin for ____

word

David Barstow, Susanne Craig, Russ Buettner

worked more than 18 months on story reporting team investigating trump's finances; published in Oct. 2018, ran more than 14,000 words found that Trump was not the self-billionaire he claimed to be; his father had made significant monetary contributions to his holdings; story also documented that trump participated in questionable tax schemes to increase his wealth; Barstow said their story was a classic example of "shoe-leather and knocking on doors, talking to a lot of people" to get access to non-public documents as well as expert explanations and interpretations of what the records meant; Times team; won the 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory reporting

Ken Auletta

writes about the media for the New Yorker, says humility is important b/c "it aids 2 of a journalist's irreplaceable tools: The curiosity to ask questions & the ability to listen to answers. Each requires modesty b.c each require us not to assume that we already know the answers"

"Journalism," Sawatsky told American Journalism Review,:

"is about directness, precision, clarity, about not confusing people... Questions are supposed to get answers. Questions that fail to get answers are not tough enough."

John Steinbeck calls these practices that give a better idea of what kind of place this is, who works there, and who eats there ____

"layering detail upon detail"

Reporting & writing are first and foremost about ____

"seeing"

When journalists rigorously apply The Reporter's Method, the discipline of verification & journalistic objectivity, what they report is going to be _____ that their audience can rely on to make decisions & form opinions about their lives & that of their community & nation.

"the best obtainable version of the truth"

How much did Coler make from his false stories each month?

$10,000

Ralph Hanson

(at the time of mining story) was a journalism professor @ West Virginia university

According to Sawatsky, a journalist should:

-Ask open-ended, neutral questions that require the subject to provide specific details, explain unseen causes and clarify underlying motivations -Avoid charged language or loaded words. Questions should probe tough issues w/o necessarily sounding tough or confrontational -Keep questions short & focused. Don't overload them w/ details that will allow the subject to answer selectively

This method is built on skepticism and includes the following applications:

-Be aware of your own biases and be careful not to include or exclude information that merely confirms them. -Be as transparent as possible to yourself, your editors and your audience about your methods and motives. -Be reliant on your own independent, original reporting -- not on the reporting of others. How have you tested the accuracy of the information you have obtained to confirm its authenticity? -Exercise humility and remain skeptical of your own understanding and continue to question your conclusions.

What are the 4 threats poisoning our democracy today?

-Biased media on the Left & Right that treat their work not as a responsibility, but as a business model -Aggregators who recycle stories w/o checking facts -Hostile nations & political operatives -Charlatans who paddle outrage to compel clicks on advertising algorithms

When someone gives you info, its your job to ask for details to verify its authenticity. Ask:

-How do you know this? -Where can I find out more? -Who can tell me something else about this? -Where can I find pertinent documents and records? Where can I go to see for myself the things you have described?

3 elements of The Reporter's Method

-Interviews with eyewitnesses & experts who are closest to the action or the matter at hand and are in the best position to know the truth about it -Documents, records, & data that verify what happened -Direct observation by the reporter as the first-hand witness to the truth

Avoid making these related mistakes:

-Judging the answers that you're given. Dash advises his students to wear a poker face & keep questions as neutral as possible -Thinking you already know the answers to the questions you're asking -Believing that nothing your subject says will change your ideas about the topic at hand -Focusing too hard on taking notes to the point that you don't absorb what's actually being said

For Kovach and Rosenstiel, the Intellectual principles of a science of reporting are:

-Never add anything not there to. begins w/ -Never deceive your audience -Be as transparent as possible about your methods and motives -Rely on your original reporting -Exercise humility and remain skeptical of your own understanding. Continue to question your conclusion

How can you become a better listener?

-Not writing everything down -Not interrupting -Repeating for clarification -Paying attention to your subject's body language -Not hurrying your subject

False Russian content, intended to influence the 2016 election, was seen by an estimated ______ FB users according to FB's testimony to Congress

126 million

This was the first in our history in which citizens were awash in false stories masquerading as news

2016 presidential campaign

Wallace's 34-minute interview ran during the 6 pm news segment and drew ____ viewers, close to prime-time levels

3.2 million

Twitter reported to Congress that it discovered ______ fake, automated users known as "bots" infesting the election

36,746

How many years did it take Pelley to get hired by CBS?

4

With Vidmar's help, Pelley and Campanile purchased about _____ bots from a vendor in Russia

5,000

Guy Campanile

60 Minutes producer; Pelley's "right hand" as a senior producer on the CBS Evening News; "careful, no-nonsense newsman"

Trump won by a total of about ____ votes in the states that put him over the top in the electoral college

77,000

The number of people reached on FB by the Russian disinformation campaign is equal to ____ of all those who voted in 2016

92%

What is meant by 'journalistic objectivity'?

A "consistent method of testing information -- a transparent approach to evidence -- precisely so that personal and cultural biases" do not undermine the accuracy of their work

Medgar Evers' Widow Thanks Reporters video

Dogs were a symbol of pain and suffering; getting past them was absolutely crazy; getting over populations of hating people for killing; "you are basically the reason the trial and conviction took place"; b/c of that case, there were 24 other convictions; responsible for bringing them into light

"Get your ass out of the chair and get out there.''

Bob Woodward

Nicholas Sandmann

Boy involved in racial HS story; family sued Washington Post and CNN for defamation to the tune of $250 million;Both organizations settled w/ the family for an undisclosed amount of money to keep the matter from going to court, while not admitting any wrongdoing

"Dig Deep"

By Carl Sessions Stepp wrote in an American Journalism Review article about lessons he learned in his career. "Write with humility. On almost every story, there are things you don't know yet"

John Kass

Chicago Tribune columnist took the national news media to task for suspending their skepticism; Wrote "Did Jussie Smollett use the media, or was he created by it?" where he talks about the "why" Smollett committed this

Murder of Harry T. Moore

Christmas Day 1951, Moore was killed when a bomb was placed beneath the floor joists directly under his bed. Moore died on the way to the hospital; his wife, Harriette, died nine days later. The protests over the Moores' deaths rocked the nation, with dozens of rallies and memorial meetings around the country. President Truman and Florida Governor Fuller Warren were inundated with telegrams and protest letters. In 1952 the FBI launched a massive investigation of their deaths and Ku Klux Klan activity in Central Florida. The investigation pointed toward three Klan members, one of whom committed suicide the day after a FBI interview. The investigation slowed down Klan activity, but led to no arrests. Four dead Klansmen were implicated in the murders. After three investigations, the most recent review having been closed August 2006, the case is closed but remains unsolved.

Jussie Smollett and the Chicago Way

Claims made in 2019 by "Empire" actor that he'd been jumped, assaulted, & beaten by Trump supporters b/c of race & sexuality. News media world took his word without question; Local journalists @ Chicago Tribune began to raise serious doubts about veracity of his claims; After months of legal wrangling, outspoken critic of Trump, now faced w/ criminal charges that he staged the event & made false report to police; Smollett is innocent until proven guilty, so journalists must continue to vigilantly exercise skepticism in their reporting of all aspects of this case as it play out in days and months ahead

_______ is lazy; it dismisses any claim as untrue based on the arrogance that they already know what is true & what is not, simply because they think they know

Cynicism

Pelley turned down his comedian friend, Stephen Colbert, when he asked for his permission to stage a gag for The Colbert Report on the set of the CBS Evening News. Why?

Evening News must always be a place for reliable reality, not satire

What did Madison mean by the "press"?

Every American and his or her right to say what they want to say, write what they want to write, read what they want to read

How did Coler spread his stories?

Facebook was key; "we would basically join whatever group it is that you're trying to target on FB. Once they took the bait, they'd spread this stuff around"

Fluvanna Man Opens Gym in Memory of Sister

George Rivera contacted our news station about following up with him about his new gym in memory of his sister. She passed away in a car accident on Interstate 64 and wanted her motto live on in the gym. I shot, wrote and edited this package at his gym in Fluvanna County near Charlottesville.;Inspired by simple philosophy: "I can't do can't so watch me do!"; Her spirit is "apart of him" drove him to start training to help people discover their purpose

Wallace spent months trying to set up an interview; an agreement was reached only when the ______ summit was announced.

Helsinki

The Investigative Reporter's Handbook: A Guide to Documents, Databases and Techniques

Houston provides guidelines for finding and verifying information in primary documents such as lawsuits, transcripts of legislative hearings or campaign finance reports; "A database alone is not journalism. Instead it is a field of info that needs to be harvested carefully w/ insight and caution"

Be wary of people who are convinced they know what happened; they may not know. Ask them this key question. It will allow you to test their accounts for accuracy and completeness through subsequent questions, research and reporting.

How do you know?

Don't Get Sick Chasing 'Viral' Stories

In January 2019, a video of a group of high school boys who appeared to be confronting & taunting an elderly Native American man playing his drum near the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. went viral; Boys from a Catholic HS in Kentucky on a field trip to D.C. to attend an antiabortion rally and wearing the red "Make America Great Again" hats favored by supporters of President Trump, were widely castigated by commenters on social media as racists; National news media quickly picked up on story w/o exercising any due skepticism & merely confirming the assumptions of the masses on social media; Many reporters only interviewed the drummer but none of the boys to get their side of story; Some relied merely on the video clips that were being posted on social media; Administrators at the students' school in Kentucky even issued a statement condemning their actions before all the facts were in.; Initial news accounts, including The Washington Post's, relied on the drummer's account and a limited number of videos posted on social media.;Later videos gave a fuller picture of what happened. They showed that several men, part of a group called the Black Hebrew Israelites, had been shouting racial epithets and homophobic slurs at the high school students, who had been waiting for a bus. Some of the students began school sports cheers, not chants ridiculing the drummer. And it was clear that the drummer came up to the boys to confront them and not the other way around.

Washington Post settles lawsuit with family of Kentucky teenager

In their lawsuit against The Post, Sandmann's parents, Ted and Julie, alleged The Post had "targeted and bullied" their son to embarrass Trump — a statement The Post disputed. "The Post ignored basic journalist standards because it wanted to advance its well-known and easily documented, biased agenda against President Donald J. Trump by impugning individuals perceived to be supporters of the President," the suit's complaint alleged. It claimed The Post went after Sandmann "because he was the white, Catholic student wearing a red 'Make America Great Again' souvenir cap."Initial news accounts, including The Post's, relied on eyewitnesses such as Phillips and a limited number of videos posted on social media. Sandmann wasn't identified in early accounts and didn't speak publicly about it until several days later.But later videos gave a fuller picture of what happened. They showed that several men, part of a group called the Black Hebrew Israelites, had been shouting racial epithets and homophobic slurs at the waiting Covington students. Some of the students began school sports cheers in response as Phillips approached.

Aidari Riera Herrera

Interview with Joan Hines (the only Black woman who lives on Freedom Avenue in Mims, FL)

Texas town quarantined by the military b/c of Ebola outbreak

Jestin Coler; no Ebola, no military quarantine, but the story got 8 million views

In 1710, ____ wrote in the Examiner, "Falsehood flies, & truth comes limping after it..."

Jonathan Swift

Vince Filak

Journalism professor, author of the textbook used in JOU 2100 News Reporting courses; wrote excellent deconstruction of "Throwback Thursday: A look back at the Covington Catholic Kids vs. Native American Protester situation"

"They walked free. Until a reporter knocked at their door"

Journalist Jerry Mitchell dug up evidence that helped reopen decades-old civil rights-era murder cases in the South, including that of Medgar Evers in "Race Against Time"

Moore & the Groveland Rape Case

July 1949: the Groveland rape burst upon the national scene, after four young black men were accused of raping a white woman. A white mob went on a rampage through Groveland's black neighborhood, and the National Guard had to be called out to restore order. Once again, Moore threw himself into the case. After uncovering evidence that the Groveland defendants had been brutally beaten, Moore leveled those charges against the most notorious lawman in the country: Sheriff Willis McCall of Lake County.

After teaching journalism for 17 years, what has your professor (Brunson) learned to be the greatest challenge?

Learning to talk to total strangers

World Trade Center Bombing 1993

Live reporter=Pelley; man reported "missing" had been found in a bar on the Lower East Side; he was never at the WTC; the story of the ambulance was a misunderstanding based on a falsehood; pressure to be first

Jerry Mitchell

Longtime investigative reporter of the Clarion-Ledger newspaper in Jackson, Mississippi; His investigative work, especially into the murders of civil-rights workers whose killers were never brought to justice -- until Jerry got involved -- has made him a legend in the profession of journalism; 'paragon of skepticism';a man of deep Christian faith, whose inner motivation is to bring justice to those who've been long denied it by the White power structure in his home state of Mississippi; author of 'A race against time'

As ____ might say today, Freedom of the Press is the right that guarantees all the others.

Madison

"Every project I've done has come from just running into someone and learning more about who they are and how it fits into larger issues in the world', "The closer I get to someone, the more I realize they have an important story to share.''

Maisie Crow said

finding in an annual report by the Violence Policy Center

More than 15 years South Carolina was among the top 10 states nationally in the rate of women killed by men; the state topped the list 3 times; caught the attention of journalists at the Charleston Post and Courier, the state's largest newspaper

Jim Vidmar

Nevada based internet consultant who specializes in getting new products noticed online

Reporter (Seymour Hersh's memoir) he describes the "Hersh rule":

Never begin an interview by asking core questions

"The dividing line in media lay between _____ and ______"

New media (FB/Twitter); Legacy media (CBS News/NY Times)

Scott Pelley

One of the most experienced & awarded correspondents in broadcast journalism. Has been reporting stories for 60 Minutes since 2004. Won a record 37 Emmys for field work.

Sawatsky's mantra

Open, neutral, lean (uses this to teach reporters, producers, and anchors at ESPN, which hired him in 2004 to train its journalists how to conduct good interviews)

"Til Death Do Us Part"

Pardue, Hawes, Smith, & Natalie Caula Hauff spent a year reporting; seven-part series that won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service

What did Coley discover about his audience?

People are quick to believe anything that's put in front of them in a format that is 'news-ish'

"I start from a position of wanting to be outside and close to the news,'

Peter Nickeas said

Al Tompkins

Poynter Institute; A veteran broadcast journalist; Asked why Woodward sat on crucial information the public needed to know & had a right to know about the government's response to the Coronavirus back in the spring instead of waiting to put it in his book

If the subject is unfriendly or hostile, the reporter may be left w/ little or nothing of substance

true

Jacqui Banaszynski

Pulitzer Prize winner; professor emeritus at University of Missouri School of Journalism; says a key step in preparing for an interview is to ask yourself these basic questions: -Why are you working on this subject? -What do you need to know, and how will you get it? What's your initial focus? -What kinds of challenges will you face?

Studs Terkel

Pulitzer-Prize winning author who chronicled the stories of Americans in a dozen books, collecting accounts about the Great Depression, WW2, and the everyday lives of working men & women; loved conversations in which his subjects discovered things about themselves they never realized before; in a PBS News Hour segment he recalled a recorded interview w/ an unmarried mother of four who lived in a Chicago housing project

____ is the greatest gift writers can give themselves

Reflection

Bob Woodward's 'Rage'

Released in early September

"Distance prevents you from obtaining on-the-scene color and facts, face-to-face interviews and sensory details that raise a story above the ordinary. You must go out into the world where people live, work and die and absorb as much of the richness of their lives as you can. Put yourself in the places where you can see firsthand what's happening. Your stories will become more authoritative, compelling and accurate. ... Going to the scene, approaching people you may not know and observing a situation firsthand will be one of the most important things you learn to do. Going out into the world is what the best journalists have always done, even in this digital and device-dependent age. The best stories will not come to you; they are out there, and you have to find them.''

Rich Martin

"Refusing to make assumptions or jump to conclusions will protect you as you sort truth from lies and conspiracy theories, facts from fake news and rumors, and relevant details from insignificant fluff.''

Rich Martin (textbook author)

"The journalist's primary role is to give citizens the news and information they need to make wise political, economic and social decisions that will affect their lives, and the focus is often very local.''

Rich Martin said

"You're about to enter an especially transient profession. You may have your sights set on a big city like Chicago or New York, but it's likely you'll start out in a small or medium-sized community.''

Rich Martin said

The questioner is more interested in how he comes across to his audience than in the information he obtains, In these instances, the focus is on the interviewer, & the emphasis is on style rather than substance. The goal in these cases is entertainment, not journalism. Who said this?

Sawatsky

"There is no democracy without journalism"

Scott Pelley said

1994 Washington Post series about Rosa ee Cunningham (& her family)

Story by Leon Dash; took 4 years; won the 1995 Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism and a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism award; told story of the black urban underclass through the experiences of one woman, her children and grandchildren; Dash used his method of interviewing (can be used to examine living conditions, family histories, & attitudes of ethnic groups at any class level)

Who was first to break Jussie Smollett story?

TMZ

In 1934, Harry Moore started the Brevard County NAACP, and steadily built it into a formidable organization.

true

Steve Contorno

Tampa Bay Times political editor; prepared for covering a candidate in 2018 Florida's governors race by reading everything about the politician over the previous 25 years

"Its not an interview, its a conversation", "You, yourself enter it, too. I'm not the guy from 60 minutes coming down to talk to them"

Terkel said

Andre Schiffrin

Terkel's longtime editor, said people told Terkel the truth even when they had lied to themselves their whole lives; "The key thing was his respect for them"; "He wasn't there to use them. He really wanted to hear what they had to say"

If a journalist follows this, they can end up with "the best obtainable version of the truth" to report to their audience

The Reporter's Method

Eric Nalder

The best questions for these occasions (contentious interview w/ someone who is dead set on keeping you from learning what you're trying to find out) are informed ones; two time Pullitzer-prize winner for the Seattle times; need to bone up on raw specifics of the topic in question and know what your subject has said about it previously

How did Ralph Hanson know something was wrong about the mining story?

The story cited only one official -the governor- who said "They told us," w/ no name given; Story had no details about the conditions of the miners & It said the mining company did not confirm the recues

The duty to report is not the same as the duty to publish

True

What does Pelley wonder that led to the murder of columnist Jamal Khashoggi?

Trump's hostile rhetoric encouraging Saudi Arabia

Ralph Hanson (today)

University of Nebraska Kearney, analyzed how the coverage went so wrong; newsrooms faced tight deadlines, but they should have made clear that their first reports were unconfirmed; news organizations had become comfortable passing along stories that were actually rumors he said; the story didn't have to be true; it was enough that a story was being reported a particular way; many reporters and editors were swept up in the euphoria of the moment and failed to abide one of journalism's cardinal rules: CHECK IT OUT

What events does Pelley say "made us much more skeptical people"?

Vietnam, Watergate, Clinton Impeachment, 2003 war in Iraq & Great Recession

Hannity vs. Wallace interview

Wallace- aggressive w/ Putin, asking questions that many thought Trump himself should've raised w/ the Russian during the summit

Bob Woodward

Washington Post associate editor & famed book author; Has been rightfully called "the best reporter of our time"; Has won 2 Pulitzer Prizes, the highest honor in print journalism; author of 20 best-selling books; half of the famed Washington Post reporting team w/ Carl Bernstein, whose reporting of the Watergate burglary & its coverup by President Richard Nixon that forced the president to resign in 1974; Academy Award-winning film based on their reporting, "All the President's Men," remains a classic & on the American Film Institute's list of the best 100 movies of all time; Yale graduate

This remains the trite & true method of telling a complete news story

Who, What, When, Where, Why & How

Why does Pelley suggest to write a first draft and then put it away for an hour, a day or overnight?

You will see problems you didn't expect & opportunities you hadn't imagined

Chip Scanlan

author of journalism textbooks who directed writing programs for 15 years at the Poynter Institute; "Using a tape recorder taught me my most important lesson of interviewing: To shut up"

Maisie Crow

a photojournalist and multimedia producer who has worked for The New York Times, Boston Globe and the Baltimore Sun; at a school in the Baltimore area, while she was on an assignment for another story, that she noticed a kid who was standing by himself, away from other kids. She was intrigued by him and went up and introduced herself. His name was Max

Skepticism requires ______

action

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

algorithms of Facebook, Google, and others prioritize content by the number of likes, regardless of whether they're human or automated

Follow up questions

allow a questioner to "refine, seek, detail, challenge inconsistency & pursue further explanation of what has been said - or not said - in the initial response"

Desiree Montilla

anchor/reporter for WCAV-TV CBS19 in Charlottesville, Virginia & a UCF Nicholson School journalism alumna from 2017 class

Leon Dash says as a joke in the Post newsroom he was the only ____ on the reporting staff

anthropologist

What does Pelley describe AI as?

artificial stupidity (AS)

John Sawatsky

award-winning investigative journalist in Canada; studied how journalists conduct interviews b/c he wanted to know why some interviews succeed while many others fail; reviewed transcripts & recordings of thousands of interviews to see how journalists frame & ask questions, w/ a goal of changing the culture of the interview; the successful interview (he determined) depends more on the question-asker than on the answer-giver; He says a journalist's questions should be precise instruments but too often they are wielded haphazardly & w/o enough thought

The algorithms themselves are unconsciously _____ in favor of outrage

biased

You can think of bots as the ______ of a rocket

booster stage

"Searching for Jacob"

boy in a village that had been burned down by Sudanese military forces b/c Jacob's people were the "wrong" ethnic group; through his struggle, were able to explain all the 'issues' driving the conflict

Great Divide

breaking news copy & feature copy; feature writing

What rule did Pelley impose at CBS Evening News as managing editor?

breaking news required 2 independent sources & extraordinary news absolutely demanded them; other news media were NOT sources

Pardue and investigations editor Glenn Smith figured they could spend a couple weeks of research & interviewing to gauge whether this would be a separate project or just another entry in the "Forgotten South Carolina" series

but the more they scratched the surface, the more they realized how deep the story was; First, they got numbers; Over the previous decade, more than 300 women had been shot, stabbed , strangled , beaten, bludgeoned or burned to death by men in the state. Women were being killed at a rate of one every 12 days; discovered that more than 3 times as many SC women had been killed by men than the number of state soldiers killed in the wars in Iraq & Afghanistan; for the previous year, the murder rate for women was 2x the national rate

Chasing Mayhem with Peter Nickeas the Chicago Tribune's Overnight Crime Reporter

by Ben Austen; "As he listens to the bleats of dispatchers on three different scanners, he tells me about one of the 500 crime scenes he's visited in his three years on the job — a span of time in which the city has suffered some 1,200 homicides and 6,000 shootings. A man asked if he might be permitted to pray over the body of his murdered son. A cop consented. The father would have to wait, though, until after the detectives and the crime-lab technicians arrived and examined the scene. "There were 20 other people shot that night. But the dad waited, and so I did, too. A father saying good-bye to his dead son. It was a tiny little city tale, and I watched it ****ing happen."

Scott Pelley says relying on one point of view is _____, _____ & _____

dangerous; unethical; foolish

In journalism, all depends on the ____

deadline

Sean Hannity

defender and an adviser to Trump; talk show host; him & Trump often talked by phone daily; didn't question or challenge any of the president's statements, & allowed Trump to defend his policies & his meeting w/ Putin; This person offered commentary in support of the president's positions

Instead of 12 survivors, only one miner was alive

true

What it's Like to be a Journalist Covering Stories of Heightened Racial Strife

by Desiree Montilla; UCF graduate says that despite hearing frequent criticisms of "the media," this experience has shown her more about the importance of journalism, telling stories and recording history as it unfolds.; BLM protest ontinued through the downtown area as protesters would stop at different locations to do speeches and prayers. The march continued for a mile, until it reached the city's Washington Park. People took turns speaking their truths, their experiences, and their hopes for the future. The protest continued the next day with a rally organized by the Albemarle High School Black Student Union. More than 100 people lined the sidewalk holding signs and chanting. The organizer said she simply wanted people to listen and take the protesters' messages into account. This experience has shown me more about the importance of journalism, telling stories, and recording history as it unfolds. I welcomed the opportunity and challenge to cover the Charlottesville community, not only in response to the recent national turmoil, but every day. At the same time, I feel like our jobs as journalists have become a target for some in the community. I often hear statements concerning "the media" and the poor coverage of events. That hurts because I know from my own experience that I and many other journalists work diligently to get the facts and report what's accurate. That's the job I aim to achieve every time I walk in the newsroom. Covering these recent stories also has opened my eyes to the hurt that people are still experiencing in the community. In every person I can see why they were marching and the desire they have to make change happen. Every step was taken with a purpose to make change happen. These moments have changed me, both as a reporter and human. I'm more aware of the suffering our community is experiencing and their demand for change. Every day isn't easy, but it's worth it in the end. A key lesson I learned from my classes with Professor Erica Rodriguez Kight is to focus your story on a human element and the rest will fall into place. Little did I know this lesson would make a big impact on me starting out in Charlottesville and during the protests. Every day I meet wonderful people willing to share their stories with me. Each story carries a lesson and a new perspective to see. No matter how many negative comments I might get about "the media," I know I have succeeded whenever I'm able to tell a person's story.

Dr. Alicia Conill

clinical associate professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, said studies show that it takes about 18 seconds for a physician to interrupt a patient who is talking

The more specific the details and the more similarities you find in separate accounts, the more ___ you can be in your reporting

confident

Pelley says "What was the most remarkable about Hadi's story was not his initial sacrifice, but his ____"

continue to reporting

What did Guy Campanile do?

convinced several people to explain to us how they scammed the voters

You may simply ask questions by rote and miss a subtlety that, if explored,

could provide enlightenment

Journalism is a _____ that has to be practiced in order to be truly learned

craft

Jestin Coler

created 2 fake news sites, National Report and the Denver Guardian; told Pelley that "outrage" is the key to all fake news; during the election, used a keyboard to push people's buttons on issues including abortion, immigration, & Obamacare

Don Hewitt

creator of the most successful prime-time television program in history; first, "Find people who can tell the story better than we can"; second, "Tell me a story"

What is damaged when reporters reach for fame rather than public service?

credibility

Who is the 'intellectual cousin' of skepticism?

curiosity

_____ is only good or valuable if it is acted on

curiosity

What allowed Trump to describe the media as "a great danger to our country"?

cynicism

Pelley says that hard work comes in ____

digging for truth, verifying facts w/ original sources, and writing clearly and concisely on deadline

Frank Senso

director of GWU media school told Sullivan "The art of the interview almost always lies in the ability to follow up"

In their book, "The Elements of Journalism," Bill Kovach and Tom Rosenstiel describe journalism as a _____ and its practice as the application of the methodology of _____

discipline of verification; journalistic objectivity

The turn of the 21st century brought us a revolution in ____

distribution

What was the disinformation campaign engineered by?

domestic political partisans & Russia

Edward H. Eulenberg

editor at Chicago's City News Bureau, where generations of young reporters learned the profession; credited w. establishing the rule that became the bureau's slogan: If your mother says she loves you, check it out

A quick search of stories in your organization's _______ can turn up background information about a person or an issue

electronic archives

Radio Frequency Identification chips being mandated through the Obamacare exchange

essentially a tracking device; signing up for Obamacare, you were implanted w/ this "tracking device"; this false story was read 1.6 million times

FBI agent investigating Hilary Clinton's email server, who was murdered in his own home

false story written by Jestin Coler; there was no murder, no FBI agent

What does Sawatsky's technique require?

flexibility to build on the subject's answers

The single Russian condition was that the interview (w/ Wallace) be aired in _____

full

Danielle Prieur

general assignment reporter at WMFE 90.7FM News; studied journalism at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism and interned at 101.9 WDET. She is originally from the metro Detroit area.

Terry Gross

has conducted more than 13,000 interviews as host of NPR's Fresh Air; recognized master of the art of conversation; has been called "unofficial poet laureate of the interview; described as "the more effective and. beautiful interviewer of people on the planet"; said her goal is to 'BE THE PERSON WHO GETS IT'

In telling "small" stories, we ______ titanic events

illuminate

Objectivity as a state of being is _____

impossible

Ron Nixon

international investigations editor for the Associated Press, says journalists need to read beyond just their immediate assignments; "Be curious about everything" "Read everything. We don't read enough outside our profession"

The skeptic knows there are things that they don't know and they do the intellectually rigorous work of ______ information to determine whether or not it is true.

investigating

Seymour Hersh

investigative reporter; core lesson of being a journalist is "read before you write"

Douglas Purdue

investigative reporter; recently completed a four-part series called 'The Forgotten South Carolina' in which he explored disparities in income, education, and health in 26 counties that were near the bottom of national averages for quality of life

Why did Hawes have mixed feelings when they left for NY to receive the pulitzer on "Til Death Do Us Part"?

it appeared that domestic violence reform legislation had gotten bogged down in the state legislature

What did the FBI agent of the Boston marathon attack say about false reporting?

it disrupted the biggest manhunt in Boston history

What does Pelley say Is a problem of the "new versus old media"?

it suggests the rules of content have changed

Taking Down the KKK video

klans getting away w/ murder drove him; killer got away, Mitchell wrote about the case & re opened; people involved in killings did not want to talk; Bowers ended up turning himself into authorities

What did Pelley suggest to Trump after his remark of CBS being an "enemy of the American people"? Trump's response was: "I don't worry about that"

language could lead some deranged soul to commit violence at a newspaper, television station, or website; asked him to consider the consequences

Congressional Medal of Honor Society (CMOHS)

maintains an archive of all recipients, including a separate list of living medal winners on its website; As a journalist, you need to question a self-proclaimed CMOHS winner

Journalism is a vocation in which you can pursue justice and practice art

true

David Rosenthal

managing editor of the health-care initiative Side Effects Public Media, encourages interns & beginning reporters to get comfortable w/ striking up conversations w/ people they meet

Both the journalist and poet are working to convey ______

maximum meaning with minimum words

60 Minutes

most successful American television broadcast in history; approaching 53rd season in September; offers hard-hitting investigative reports, interviews, feature segments & profiles of people in the news; began in 1968; #1 program on Nielsen's weekly top 10 six times last season & made the list nearly every week (usually in the top 5); average audience is 150% higher than those of the network morning news programs

He (Dash) believes curious students can extract surprising revelations about their subjects' ____

needs; desires; motivations

Trump attacked CBS Evening News as an "enemy of the American people" when Pelley ____

offered frank coverage of the president's demonstrable falsehoods

Peter Nickeas

one of most celebrated young journalists in the country right now; crime reporter for Chicago Tribune; revolutionized crime reporting by turning it on its head; Instead of hanging out in the newsroom listening to the police scanner and then going to the scene -- as reporters have done for decades -- Peter spends most of his time on the street in the community close to where news breaks.;His first dispatches from the scene are on Instagram, Twitter and other social media and he writes with a clear-eyed gritty realism that comes from being up close to his stories.;general assignment reporter for the Chicago Tribune. He joined the Tribune in 2011 and covered violence for the Tribune's breaking news desk for seven years. He was a 2018 fellow at the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma and a 2019 fellow at the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard.

In comparing Wallace's style to Hannity's, Margaret Sullivan:

praised Wallace for pursuing questions w/ repetition & restatement; she dismissed Hannity's style for "sycophancy" and giving the president the opportunity to "ramble on"

John Sawatsky, Seymour Hersh, Leon Dash, Terry Gross (& other skilled interviewers) preach ____ & ____

preparation; methodology

Skepticism asks _____ questions & is _____ of information provided by all sources until it can be independently verified.

probing; dubious

Robert Stevenson

professor of journalism at Lander University in Greenwood, South Carolina; describes the "subtle but important distinction between hearing and listening" this way: Hearing is to listening as talking is to public speaking; Hearing and talking come naturally, but listening and Public speaking take training & practice; He says Reporters must be active listeners, listening not for entertainment but for comprehension

Bots were _____

programmed to automatically create false user profiles for themselves

Sedition Act of 1798

promoted by Alexander Hamilton no less; made it a crime for anyone to "utter" criticism of the House, Senate or the president

Skepticism is an attitude, a state of mind & a quest for what is _____ true, not probably true.

provably

Every step is taken with a ____

purpose (Desiree Montilla)

The ____ of our democracy is bound to the ____ of our journalism

quality

Shannon Harrington

recent college graduate, had the assignment in 1995 and he wrote about the winner's achievements (winner of 1995 Miss Virginia Pageant, exceptional resume, star athlete, honor grad inHS, Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude grad of VA Tech, accepted to law school and her ambition was to find ways to help poor children get to college) Harrington found she was never a member of Phi Beta Kappa and parts of her resume,e were false; She explained the discrepancies were simple misunderstanding but the damage was done; His work on the story earned him full-time job at paper; AS a reporter for Bloomberg News years later, he said the Miss VA experience taught him importance of skeptical

Socrates said the first step in learning is to

recognize what you do not know

Becky Wagoner

reporter for the Inter-Mountain, a daily newspaper in nearby Elkins

Jerry Mitchell

reporter of Jackson, MS Clarion-Ledger had doubts about the alibi: (Story of 1963 church bombing that killed 4 black schoolgirls in Birmingham, AL claimed he'd been home watching wrestling on TV when attack happened). He checked TV listings in old newspapers; no wrestling was broadcast at the time. "For 3 and a half decades, his alibi had gone unchallenged" -Mitchell; won numerous awards for investigations of crimes committed during the civil-rights era

Inter-Mountain story where CNN, Associated Press, NPR, The Rocky Mountain had all reported wrong info (SAGO)

reporters from around country camped out for 2 days in Sago, West Virginia, in January 2006; covering the story of 13 coal miners trapped 2 miles underground by an explosion; Rescue crews had to wait 12 hours before entering the mine b.c of the high levels of carbon monoxide and methane gas; almost 40 hours after explosion, rescuers reached miners;

Journalistic objectivity

requires you to develop a "consistent method of testing info- a transparent approach to evidence - precisely so that personal and cultural biases" do not undermine the accuracy of your work

Hadi Abdullah

resident of Aleppo when Syria's largest city was under siege by dictatorship of Bashar al-Assad; he became a reporter w/ a small camera & friend to shoot pictures, chronicled the catastrophe & posted his reports on YouTube when dictatorship noticed; bomb was connected to his front door; was rescued by a White Helmets civil defense team, both of Haji's legs were crushed; had 12 surgeries

In the minutia, you will find ____, ____ & _____

richness; texture; truth

Applying objectivity as a ______ is not only achievable, but desirable & necessary when it comes to the practice of professional journalism.

rigorous process

The follow-up question is "a pillar of accountability journalism"

said Senso, a former CNN Washington bureau chief

The Knowledge Illusion

scientists Steven Sloman & Phillip Fernbach argue knowledge is collective, not individual; you rely on what you read & hear

Coffee shop at "Mayflower hotel" - Bob woodward

series of violations; turned out to be in the Hilton hotel, found coffee shop "closed for repairs"; asked for his copy back

The goal for every journalist is to become ______ without becoming ______

skeptical; cynical

_____ is a required & necessary quality of professional journalists as they seek & report truth.

skepticism

How were Pelley's bots programmed?

soccer moms

When reporters make every story, essentially, about themselves, we ____; we undermine the indispensable role of journalism in democracy

squander the public trust

Internet idiosyncrasy

stories that provoke outrage are less likely to be true, but more likely to be clicked

"The Road to Freedom Avenue: The Legacy of Harry and Harriette Moore"

story that will air on WUCF in 2021, the 70th year marking the Moores' death; Aidari Riera is working on this story w/ other members of Brunson's RTV 3301 Electronic Journalism class

Woodward's standard of _________ led to the blueprint that all modern journalists follow in their reporting, whether the story is about crime, sports or any other topic

sustained inquiry

Carl Sessions Stepp

taught journalism for 35 years at the University of Maryland recalled a story he wrote as a reporter about a person who said he quit his job as matter of principle; Stepp said his story "glorified" the man for his stand ; Years later, Stepp ran into the man at a party and the man admitted he'd been fired and came up w/ resignation-on principle as a cover; Stepp didn't;t check out the man's story thoroughly enough

Harry T. & Harriette Moore

the leaders of Florida's NAACP civil-rights organization in the 1940s; murdered by white terrorists in 1951 while trying to help blacks register to vote & for speaking out against racial injustice in Florida

Margaret Sullivan

the media columnist for the Washington Post, wrote about how important they (follow-up questions) are in an article about Chris Wallace's at-long-last interview w/ Trump

"Race Against Time" by Jerry Mitchell

the story of Mitchell's quest to uncover enough evidence to persuade state prosecutors in Mississippi and Alabama to reopen the cases.;Mitchell faced obstacles that would have defeated many other journalists: Police files on the murders were brief and uninformative; in the Evers case the trial transcript was missing; the records of the State Sovereignty Commission - the arm of the Mississippi state government founded to fight the civil rights movement - had been sealed by court order; anyone who had read Sovereignty Commission files and shared what they knew risked going to prison. Mitchell himself was subjected to intimidation and threats.;provides the pleasures of both a detective novel and a courtroom drama. As Mitchell recounts how he sifted through court records, reread FBI files, and got suspects to talk, we get the thrill of watching an old-fashioned investigative reporter at the top of his game. And at trial after trial, we see prosecutors relentlessly establish the guilt of men who had gone unpunished.;We also come to see a personal element in Mitchell's work, as he becomes friends with Myrlie Evers, Medgar's widow; he sees the guilty verdicts as bringing some kind of closure to the victims' families. And the raw material for "Race Against Time" is storyteller's gold: a compelling pursuit of justice combined with a real-life Southern Gothic atmosphere.Mitchell talks to an unrepentant killer who justifies his racism with twisted interpretations of the Bible and bizarre conspiracy theories. He tracks down a murder weapon to the bedroom closet of a district attorney. And at the murder trial of a former Klansman, the defense attorney regales the court with an effusive retelling of Hitler's life story. Most of the crimes Mitchell investigated were committed in Mississippi, and he does a chillingly effective job of re-creating the climate of hate and terror. At the time, the editor of the Jackson Daily News referred to black civil rights activists as "chimpanzees" in his columns. Mississippi politicians and law enforcement colluded with the Ku Klux Klan in the physical abuse and murder of civil rights activists: One of the perpetrators in the Philadelphia murders was the local sheriff. Most disturbing of all was the fear felt by journalists, investigators, and witnesses during trials that took place as late as 1998.

Pelley says dropping ____ is illiterate

to-be verbs

Any constraint on the press applies to every citizen's voice

true

As a journalist, you have to spend lots of time in the field, on the street and in the lives of the people you are writing about -- listening, talking, digging, collecting facts and feelings.

true

Be careful w/ material you find online; Even legitimate sources may contain erroneous information; Verify anything that you haven't gathered independently

true

Be genuinely interested and curious about what your subject thinks and does

true

Being a good listener means paying attention w/ all of your senses, not just your ears.

true

Bots get the message off the ground, the second & third stages are actual users

true

Dash's method of interviewing is designed to help students in his immersion reporting class examine contemporary social phenomena through the lives of individuals & families

true

Don't depend on social media or email for substantive matters. They don't allow you to ask immediate follow-up questions or to explore important details. They can be prone to misinterpretation, by you & your subject. They are useful to verify facts & details after a personal conversation, but not to discuss sensitive or emotional issues.

true

Even a little bit of background info can give you ideas about things to look for & questions to ask

true

Even though you can safely quote from an official document, you should try to find independent and authoritative source to help explain it clearly and concisely to your readers or viewers

true

Eyewitnesses are valuable sources but approach their info with skepticism as well

true

Failure to exercise skepticism will result in embarrassment for yourself and your news organization, and worse, will result in failing your readers, viewers and listeners.

true

Frame questions carefully, making sure they draw out information and don't shut it off

true

Good questions will illuminate issues and capture the personality and character of the people you're writing about

true

Google's YouTube told Congress that more than 1,000 Russian-produced videos were uploaded, masquerading as American political debate

true

Have confidence that you'll get the information, Nalder says. Reporters who don't believe they will get the interview almost always fail

true

If the subject is unfriendly & takes pity on the reporter, the interview may yield something newsworthy

true

Journalists cannot report news stories with any degree of accuracy or impact if they are not physically close to the stories they report or intimately know the communities they are reporting about.

true

Learning to talk to total strangers is how they (journalists) discover new, interesting & powerful stories to tell & how they reveal new truths to their viewers, listeners & readers.

true

Listening well can lead to what Leon Dash calls "epiphanies," something that makes you see or understand a story more clearly than you could have imagines

true

Much as scientists test their hypotheses against evidence to determine what is provably true, journalists must approach their work in the same way.

true

Pelley says it is reckless to claim to. be in the news business while disregarding the values & principles of journalism

true

Skepticism requires humility

true

Skepticism will keep you from jumping on bandwagons and making careless mistakes that will undermine your credibility

true

The Golden Rule applies to journalism: Treat them the way you'd want to be treated

true

The Post and Courier reporting team began to explore more deeply SC's religious culture and how conservative Christian teachings about the subservient role of women played a major role in the problem

true

Unprepared journalists improvise interviews & find themselves at the mercy if their subjects

true

When journalists do not apply Reporter's Method, discipline of verification and journalistic objectivity, they can damage their own reputations as well as that of others & harm the democracy they are supposed to serve.

true

Your job is to clarify & explain, and you cannot do that if you haven't verified your stories by checking and double-checking your sources of info

true

Your research can also help you figure out what NOT to ask

true

If you do not respect language, you are not a writer; If you are not a writer, you are not a reporter

true (SP)

If you report the facts w/ courage & w/o bias, you're more likely to be unpopular

true (SP)

Journalism has much in common w/ the scientific method

true (SP)

Journalism itself has become suspect & we journalists have to own up to our failures that contribute to the corrosive cynicism about the news media

true (SP)

Like other freedoms, quality journalism must be defended, renewed & fought for by every generation

true (SP)

Reporters who grasp for fame have forgotten that journalism has nothing to do with being popular

true (SP)

To some reporters, it is more important to. be celebrated than believed.

true (SP)

Terkel said he was just talking to people. Them journalist's job is to:

try to see the world through the eyes of the person he's talking to, if only for a day

Journalists bring ___ to the national conversation

vitality

What does Pelley say the problem comes from?

when the audience becomes skeptical of the reporter's motives