JOUR 190

Marie Wilson states the problem of media representation quite succinctly:

"You can't be what you can't see."

CBS CEO Leslie Moonves said,

"[Trump's candidacy] may not be good for America, but it's damn good for CBS."

Janine Jackson concluded, after chronicling the many ways in which advertising corrupts media, at some point it becomes logical, if not imperative, to

"reconsider the whole idea of commercial sponsorship as a way to fund media."

How much did the U.S. spend on the military in 2011 according to Leonard?

$726 billion

The combined coverage of Russia, China and India constituted what percentage of the U.S. news in February of 2007?

1%

Most chemicals today are made from oil — that's why they are called petro-chemicals. Switching just 20% of them to bio-based materials would create over _____ new jobs.

100,000

Counting questions and responses to questions, what is the minimum number of Packback entries you should have at the end of the quarter?

30

US Senators who voted to keep big oil subsidies in 2011 had received ___ times more in Big Oil campaign cash than those who voted to end them.

5

According to Alisa Miller, what percentage of the news was devoted to the U.S. in February of 2007?

79%

Media literacy enables citizens to "explain ________s, such as, for example, the comparative _______ of a Black working class on U.S. television (Jhally & Lewis, 1992), and the consequences of those _______s."

Absence

As James Rorty wrote some seventy years ago, __________ represents "Our Master's Voice," the voice of the wealthy, and the culture it dominates will always ultimately be biased to serve the interest of the privileged few.

Advertising

According to Jay Hamilton, which of the following is a possible incentive for the news media?

Advertising, subscriptiom, partisan, and nonprofit (all of the above).

Which of the following is NOT one of Pickard's three general approaches to reducing commercial pressures on news media?

Allow media companies to be self-regulating.

"On balance," writes McChesney, "the media system has become ... a significantly ___________ force."

Antidemocratic

In the public judgment model, how is poor quality (mass opinion) defined?

As being caught in unresolved cross pressures

How does the dominant model define poor quality of public opinion?

As lacking essential information

"We are as a culture moving on to a future with more people and more voices and more possibilities." Why, according to Solnit, are some people being left behind?

Because they are intolerant of this future

In the early decades of the twentieth century, the political culture of the United States was radical enough and the dissident media vibrant enough to produce what Richard Hofstadter characterized as an "age of _______________."

Broad social speculation

What, according to Alice Walker, is the most common way people give up their power?

By thinking they don't have any.

Advertising accentuates _____.

Class bias

Jay Hamilton said, "I view objectivity and independence, not as a norm, but as a _________."

Commercial product

As a driving force in our media system, advertising has brought _____ into our journalism and culture in a manner unforeseeable in classical democratic theory and incompatible with traditional notions of a free press.

Commercial values

In the quality-as-public-judgment model, there are three stages of evolution. Which of the following is one of those stages?

Consciousness raising, working through, and resolution (all of the above).

What two things does language have to do?

Convey some content and negotiate a relationship type.

What, according to Jankowicz, is the real solution to Russian meddling?

Crafting a society and a politics that are more responsive, credible, and just.

Which of the following models of democracy demands journalism foster public discussions characterized by rationality, impartiality, intellectual honesty and equality?

Deliberative

"In this context, the term ___________ becomes somewhat misleading;" McChesney argues, "it means, more often than not, government regulation that advances the interests of the dominant corporate players."

Deregulation

Which of the following is not one of the dimensions on which the Social Progress Index is based?

Do a few people have the opportunity to accrue vast fortunes at the expense of others

Jhally and Lewis point out that "the goals of a loosely regulated, commercial media have no ______ imperatives."

Educational, cultural, and informational (all of the above)

Critical news literacy requires a heavy emphasis on _________ through critical thinking in order to achieve the necessary level of intellectual autonomy.

Emancipatory knowledge

____________ is the tone, the feeling, how we say what we say, the respect and compassion we show one another.

Emotional correctness

An __________ is the effect of a transaction between two individuals on a third party who has not consented to, or played any role in, the carrying out of that transaction

Externality

What economic measure has defined and shaped our lives for the last 80 years?

GDP

"By civics," says Eric Liu, "I simply mean the art of being a pro-social, problem-solving contributor in a self-governing community. Civics is the art of citizenship, what Bill Gates Sr. calls simply showing up for life, and it encompasses three things." Which of the following is not one of those three things?

Great personal wealth

The people we discriminate against in our public policies and in our culture are also the groups of people most likely to be bullied in school. That is not just a coincidence. That's _____.

Hate

Advertising in and of itself acts as a significant ______ in our society.

Ideological and cultural force

One of the functions of professionalism in journalism is to provide...

Ideological discipline so practitioners will not question the presuppositions upon which their work is based.

According to Kensicki, Entman further integrates public opinion and causality into the explication of frames by suggesting that frames do which of the following?

Increase the salience of particular aspects of a story, promoting a specific "problem definition", and suggesting what the issue is (all of the above)

"A case in which we don't blurt out what we mean in so many words. We veil our intentions in innuendo hoping for our listener to read between the lines and infer our real intent."

Indirect speech act

The marketization of everything sharpens the sting of _______ and its social and civic consequences.

Inequality

When we use the term 'bias' we are instead referring to ________.

Informational bias

As Noam Chomsky (1989) noted in Necessary illusions: Thought control in democratic societies, "Citizens of the democratic societies should undertake a course of ________________ to protect themselves from manipulation and control, and to lay the basis for meaningful democracy."

Intellectual self-defense

According to Facione (1990), "Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction" "critical thinking is purposeful, self-regulatoryjudgment which results in _________ upon which that judgment is based"

Interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, and explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological, or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based (both).

Why, according to Pinker, is freedom of assembly so important?

It establishes mutual knowledge.

What is the value of examining media policy as fetishism?

It helps us to understand how we are disconnected from our true sources of power and creativity and helps us to think of ways of reconnecting ourselves to a capacity for change.

Which of the following, according to Paul Baran, is the greatest damage done by advertising?

It teaches "the essential meaninglessness of all creations of the mind."

Scholars have identified three deep-seated biases that are built into the professional codes that journalists follow and that have decidedly political and ideological implications. Which of the following is NOT one of those biases?

Labor

Climate change is global-scale violence, against places and living species as well as against human beings. Once we call it by its true name, we can start having a real conversation about our priorities and values. Because the revolt against brutality begins with a revolt against the ____________________.

Language that hides that brutality

What, according to McChesney, is the truth about neoliberalism?

Large government doling out crucial contracts, monopoly licenses, and subsidies to huge firms in highly concentrated industries.

According to McChesney, journalism fails in all three of its main duties because of the system of profit-driven journalism in a _____________ market that began to emerge over a century ago.

Largely noncompetitive

Democracy does not require perfect equality, but what it does require is that citizens share in a common _____.

Life

"In a capitalist society, the requirements of political democracy do not compete on an equal basis with the exigencies of the ______. Rather there is a bias toward the ______."

Market

We've drifted almost without realizing it from having a market economy to becoming ___________.

Market societies.

Which of the following is a possible path to regulating social behavior?

Markets, laws, architecture, and cultural norms (all of the above).

According to McChesney, "The direct link between control over the _____ and control over the society is self-evident."

Media

According to McChesney, "virtually all theories of self-government are premised on having an informed citizenry, and the creation of such an informed citizenry is the ______'s province" (p. 17).

Media

Which of the following is NOT one of the five core truths?

Media systems are naturally run by profit-making concerns in the marketplace, often supported by advertising placed by other profit-making firms.

Which of the following did Kensicki identify as a cause of media-induced apathy?

No mention of the likelihood of solving the problem

"The genius of professionalism in journalism is that it tends to make journalists _______________ they routinely make."

Oblivious to the compromises with authority

Trump's screen-to-screen exposure during the campaign provided bait to capture advertisers' most coveted product:

Our attention.

Which of the following models of democracy demands journalism let the citizens set the agenda; mobilize the citizens' interest, engagement and participation in public life; focus on problem solving as well as problems?

Participatory

Which of the following means "it is about what governments choose to do or not do"?

Policy

Which of the following normative orders must individual journalists contend with?

Political, economic, and journalistic norms (all of the above).

According to McChesney, "It would be difficult to exaggerate the power of the NAB as a lobby; in addition to having money it also controlled access to the airwaves for ___________."

Politicians

Which of the following means "the capacity of some persons to produce intended and foreseen effects on others"?

Power

Which of the following terms can be defined as "the capacity to make others do what you would have them do"?

Power

_______ is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Power

"Democratic theory posits that society needs journalism to perform three main duties." Which of the following are among those duties?

Present a wide range of informed positions on key issues.

Which of the following models of democracy demands journalism act as a watchdog or as a burglar alarm exposing wrong doings?

Procedural

According to The Corporation's analysis of the corporation's personality disorder, if the corporation is a person it is a ______________________.

Psychopath

"Recent research has again and again ___________ the notion that the intent of the free press clause in the First Amendment was to empower individuals in the marketplace to do as they pleased, regardless of the implications for society as a whole," points out McChesney.

Repudiated

What has been the key ingredient inserted into debates regarding action, often in order to inspire inaction?

Scientific uncertainty

What does Des Freedman mean by fetishism?

Shaping and distorting our relationships to products and processes with which we are involved at all levels.

Stromback identifies three functions of journalism that democracy requires. Which of the following is not one of those functions?

Source of entertainment

Which of the following, according to Adichie, is a reason why stories matter?

Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, to empower and to humanize, break the dignity of a people, and repair the broken dignity of a people. (All of the above)

According to Louis Brandeis, "_______ is the best disinfectant."

Sunshine

According to Lewis and Jhally, what should media literacy education do?

Teach students to engage media texts, teach them to engage and challenge media institutions, and help people to become sophisticated citizens rather than sophisticated consumers (all of the above).

How much more coverage did the news of Anna Nicole Smith's death receive than the news of the IPCC report confirming man's impact on global warming?

Ten times as much

"Part of how we know whose party it is was demonstrated by who gets excused for hatred and attacks, literal or verbal. A couple of weeks ago, the Atlantic tried out hiring a writer, Kevin Williamson, who said women who have abortions should be hanged, and then un-hired him under public pressure from people who don't like the idea that a quarter of American women should be executed." ______ columnist and climate waffler Bret Stephens "devoted a column to sympathy on Williamson's behalf and indignation that anyone might oppose him."

The New York Times

In the end, adherence to the norm of balanced reporting leads to informationally biased coverage of global warming. This bias, hidden behind the veil of journalistic balance, creates both discursive and real political space for _______?

The US government to shirk responsibility and delay action regarding global warming.

What horror movie trope does Joshua Yaffa use to challenge the common perception of Russian meddling in U.S. elections?

The call is coming from inside the house.

Which of the following contributes to the decreased sense of personal efficacy?

The disconnect between the problem and the reader

Which of the following is not one of the big ideas of this course?

The media is biased.

News organizations that accept and therefore encourage political withdrawal by emphasizing trivia and "lifestyle reporting" have, according to Susan Douglas, opted for ____________.

The narcissism bias

"Reformers saw clearly that no issue could mobilize the public if ______________."

The power of the press was turned against it

According to McChesney, what power have dominant media firms used "shamelessly to trivialize, marginalize, and distort opposition to the status quo"?

The power to control news coverage of debates over media policies.

Which of the following make up the circuit of cultural production?

The production of the text, the text itself, and the reception of the text (all of the above).

What do dominance, communality, and reciprocity represent?

The three major human relationship types.

What enables the mainstream news media to orchestrate everyday consciousness?

Their pervasiveness, accessibility, and centralized symbolic capacity (all of the above)

What does Freedman attribute our sense of helplessness to shape media policies to?

To the sense that media policy making is separate from us and from media content.

The quizzes in this class are cumulative.

True

Balance is often times ''a surrogate for ________''

Validity checks

"Isabelle Robinson writes about the "disturbing number of comments I've read that go something like this: Maybe if Mr. Cruz's classmates and peers had been a little nicer to him, the shooting at Stoneman Douglas would never have occurred." As she notes, this puts the burden—and then the blame—on peers to meet the needs of boys and men who may be hostile or homicidal." According to Solnit, what does this framework suggests?

We owe boys and men something, boys and men feel entitled, and boys and men believe payback is justified when they don't get what they're owed. (All of the above)

What does the Social Progress Index measure?

What it means to be a good society.

When do critical junctures in media and communication tend to occur?

When any two of the above conditions exist - the conditions being when there is a revolutionary new communications technology that undermines the existing system, when the content of the media system, especially the journalism, is increasingly discredited and seen as illegitimate, and when there is a major political crisis in which the existing order is no longer working and there are major movements for social reform.

According to Solnit, "who matters, whose story it is, who deserves the pity and the treats and the presumptions of innocence, the kid gloves and the red carpet, and ultimately the kingdom, the power, and the glory"?

White people in general; white men in particular and especially white Protestant men. (all of the above)

"Similarly, an analysis of the news should be concerned not only with the way stories are constructed, but also with _______ (Herman & Chomsky, 1988)"

Who is and who is not allowed to speak

When asked to identify a golden age of journalism, Jay Hamilton defines such a golden age: "I think it should always depend on _______________."

Whose stories get told.

According to McChesney, "the crucial tension lies between the role of the _____ as profit-maximizing commercial organizations and the need for the media to provide the basis for informed self-government.

media