Judaism Review

Yom Kippur

"Day of Atonement" 10 days after the Jewish New Year

Succoth

"Feast of Booths" 5 days after the "Day of Atonement" (= name of the huts used)

Purim

"Feast of Lots" celebrated in February or March connected to the Book of Esther celebrated Jewish deliverance from oppression

Passover (Pesach)

"Feast of Unleavened Bread" that lasts 7 (or 8 in some areas) days in the Spring celebrating the liberation of Israel from the Egyptians under the leadership of Moses

Shavuot

"Feast of Weeks" celebrated 50 days after the Pesach Seder meal (ala Pentecost)

Hannukah

"Feast of lights" celebrated in December, commemorate rededicated of the Second Temple during the Maccabean Period

Joshua

(Conquest of Canaan) After Moses died on Mt. Pisgah/ Mt. Nebo _______ took over and let the Israelite's into the Promised Land to conquer the people there

Septuagint

(Hellenisitc) The translation of the Hebrew Scriptures is called the ______ which is abbreviated LXX (=70( due to the tradition regarding how many rabbis translated the Torah independent but when they compared the translation, they all matched

Greek

(Hellenistic) Alexander the Great conquers Darius III of Persia in 331 BCE ________ language becomes the common language between different nationalities throughout the Empire, eventually leading to the need to translate the Hebrew Scriptures into this language

Esther, Daniel , Kethuvim

(Hellenistic) OVer time additional books or parts of books were added, including expanded versions of ________ and _______ that were longer than the Hebrew versions, which were part of the ______ section of the Tanakh

Deborah

(Judges Period) After the Conquest of Canaan, Israel was ruled by "judges" who were military leaders_______ only female judge and also the only judge called a "prophet" in the book

Pharisees

(Roman 1st century) Focused on the Study of Torah and following the rules therein

Sadducees

(Roman 1st century) Largely consisted of priests and nobility focus was the Temple and only followed the Torah; did not believe in resurrection of the dead

Essenes, Dead Sea Scrolls

(Roman 1st century) separatist community at Qumran; associated with a collection of texts known as the _________-

Herod The Great, Herod Antipas

(Roman) __________ collaborates with Rome to govern Judea, Galilee, and the surrounding areas until his death around 4 BCE after which the region was divided among his 3 sons with ______ taking control of Galilee

First Temple

(United Monarchy) _______ is built in Jerusalem

David

(United Monarchy) _________ of the tribe of Judah becomes the 2nd king of Israel (all 12 tries) god makes a covenant that a descendent of his would always remain on the throne - this promise becomes the basis of Messianic expectations later

Solomon

(united monarchy) _______ 3rd king of ISrael, son of Bathsheba, last king to rulle over all 12 tribes of Israel, God predicts that the Kingdom of Israel will split during his son's reign

Hasmonean Period

164-163 BCE Judeo under Jewish rule until Pompey conquers Jerusalem in 63 BCE

Modern Judaism

19th century - present

Rehoboam

1st king of Judah (Southern Kingdom)

Babylonian

612-539 BCE

Second Temple

7 Jewish or related, only two survive the Destriction of the ______ by the Romans in 70 CE

Antiochus IV, Maccabees

After Alexanders death, the empire split with th Ptolemies in Egypt initially having control over Judea/ Palestine but eh control switched to the Seleucid in Syria around 199/198 BCE. A Seleucid named _______ Epiphanes upset the JEwish people by desecrating the (Second) Temple in Jerusalem. This cause a family of priests known as the _____ to start a revolt in 167 BCE that was named after them

Orthodox

As a reaction against this push for modernization some Jews clung to the old traditions. This branch is the most strict of the modern branches is called ______ Judaism

Jersalem

Capital City of Southern Kingdom All kings were descendants of David

Samaria

Capital of Israel, Omride Dynasty including Ahab and Jezebel

Exodus

Date Late bronze age (possibly 13th century BCE) Control of Levant- Egyptians, Hittites

Divided Kingdom

Date- 922/921 - 722/721 BCE (Neo) Assyrian Empire arises

Judges

Date: Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age

United Monarchy/ Kingdom of Israel

Date: ca. 1030- 922/921 BCE Control of Levant: Israelites

Conquest of Canaan

Date: late Bronze Age

Patriarchs

Dates: Bronze Age, Control of Levant: Canaanites, Egyptians, Hitties

Primeval History

Dates: Creation Unknown, with Adam and Eve

Shema

Deuteronomy 6:4 later becomes beginning of the ____ prayer

kosher

Dietary laws instituted especially in leviticus become the basis of ____ diet

Holocaust (Shoah)

During World War II Hitler and the Nazi party tried to commit genocide. This event is known as the ________

Cyrus (The Great)

Edict of _________ the only Gentile called a "Messiah" in the Hebrew Bible, allows the Jewish people to return to Judah (now called Yehud)

Jeroboam

First king of the northern kingdom

Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac Jacob, 12

God makes a covenant with ______ to make a great nation _______, son of concubine who is later out; ancestor of Arabs ________, almost sacrificed by his father who was followings God's order ______, also known as "Israel" father of the _____ tribes of Israel

Noah

Great flood: _____ builds an ark: YHWH makes a covenant never to flood the earth again

Israeli , Israelite

In 1947 the UN declared that a country called Israel would be established for the Jewish people. A modern citizen of this country is known as an ______ in contrast to the people of Ancient Israel who are called __________

Reform

Int he 19th century in Germany some Jews wished to modernize Jewish practices including using the vernacular language instead of Hebrew and lessening some of the dietary laws. This led to the modern branch known as ___________ Judaism.

Sabbath

Israelites commanded to keep the holy _____ sundown Friday - sundown Saturday

Esther, Purim

JEwish woman names _____ said to have married a king and saved the JEwish people; her story is connected to the "Feast of Lots" known as _______

Rosh Hashanah

Jewish New Year ("head" of "the year")

Second Temple, Hannukah

Jewish people kick the Seleucids out of Judea ______ is rededicated in 164 BCE. These events are connected to the "Feast of Lights" known as _______

Nebuchadnezzar

King ______ conquers Jersusalem in 597 BCE

Samuel, Saul

Last Judge, a prophet names ______ anoits ____ of the tribe of Benjamin as the 1st king of Israel (United Monarchy)

Conservative

Later, a middle branch developed that is known as ________ Judaism

Babylonian

Nineveh conquered by the ________ Empire in 612 BCE

Israel

Northern Kingdom

Yiddish

Over time a dialect of German that combined elements of Hebrew and other languages developed among the Jewish people. This language is known as ______

Rabbinic Judaism

Period 2nd century - 18th century

Persian

Period 539-381 BCE

Roman

Period 63 BCE - 480 CE

Elijah

Prophet ____ active; ascends to heaven in chariot of fire

Amos

Prophet _____ from Tekoa prophesies coming destruction due to lack of care for the poor and idolatry modern nickname "prophet of social justice"

Jeremiah

Prophet _____ known as the "Weeping Prophet" begins to predict the fall of the Southern Kingdom, also active early Babylonian Period

Maccbean

Revolt 167-164 BCE

Judah

Southern Kingdom

Christians, Jesus Pharisees

These two groups were the ______ (followers of _______ of Nazareth) adn the ______ which developed into "Rabbinic Judaism"

Exodus, Passover/Pesach

This event of exiting Egypt for the Promised Land is known as the ____ and is commemorated during the "Feast of Unleavened Bread" which is called ______

Genesis, Section of Tanakh: Torah

What book is associated with Patriarch period

Genesis 1-11 Section of Tanakh: Torah

What book is associated with Primeval History

Joshua, Section of Tanakh: Neviim(prophets)

What book is associated with the Conquest of Canaan period

Judges, Section of Tanakh: Neviim

What book is associated with the Judges period

Jeremiah, Some books in both Neviim and Kethuvim

What books are associated with Babylonian Period

1 Kings - 2 Kings, Amos, Hosea, Section of Tanakh - Neviim

What books are associated with David Kingdom Period

1 Samuel - 1 Kings Section of Tanakh: Neviim

What books are associated with United Monarchy/Kingdom of Israel

2 Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Section of Tanakh: Neviim

What books are associated with the Assyrian Period

Some book in both Neviim and Kethuvim

What books are associated with the PErsian Period

Abraham, Ishamel, Isaac, Jacob

What people are associated with Patriarchs period

Moses

YHWH appears to ______ of the tribe of LEvi and orders him to go to Egypt to free the HEbrew peope (sons of Israel) and lead them to the Promised land on the way he was given the 10 commandments at Mt. Sinai estbalishing the Sinai Covenant between God and ISrael. He is considered the greatest prophet by the Jewish People

Assyrian

______ Empire conquers the Northern Kingdom in 722/721 BE unable to conquer the SOuthern Kingdom, 721-612 BCE

Aramaic

_______ becomes established as international language in Levant

Rashi

_______ famous rabbi and commentator on the Torah and other Jewish Texts

Cyrus

_______ the Greatest conquers of Babylon in 539 BCE

First, Babylonians, Babylonian, Synagogue, Rabbi, Hebrew

________ Temple is destroyed by the _________ in 587/596 BCE thus starting the ______ Exile While in Exile, two characteristics of Judaism begin to emerge _______ (replacing the Temple as a focus of worship) and ______ (instead of priests) with a focus on studying Torah, written in _____ language

Mishnah Gemara

___________ + __________ = talmud (jerusalem Talmud; Babylonian Talmud)

Samaritans

___________ living in the territory of Samaria try to prevent Jews form rebuilding the walls around Jerusalem they believed they maintained true worship of YHWH and had their own holy sites and version of the Pentateuch

2nd Temple

____________ finished and dedicated in 515 BCE

Maimonides

_____________ famous medieval philosopher associated with the 13 Principles of Faith

Exodus-Deuteronomy, Section of Tanakh: Torah

what book is associated with the Exodus period

Adam, Eve, Cain and Abel, Noah

what people were in the Primeval History period

Hellenistic

period 331-167 BCE