K111 Final
Explain what is meant by the term, "two China policy"; Taiwan & People's Republic of China
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Identify the fact that Olympic Games would symbolize the struggles of the Cold War and the representation of the legitimacy of democracy v. communism between WW II and the 1990's.
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Identify the influences that WW II had on the staging of the Games in the post-WW II era (i.e., location, funding, and participation by countries/territories and individuals)
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• Identify major instances of doping in the games
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• Identify that the US had to relinquish the rights to the 1976 Winter Games due to financial and environmental concerns. o Identify all financial concerns associated with the Games.
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Identify the first Games that the IOC tested for doping/drug and gender identification
1960 led to it b/c Knud Jensen died during cycling event but the first ever Olympics that tested for drugs and gender were the 1968 Gernoble, France games and Hans-Gunnar was the 1st on disqualified fo alchol use in shooting at mexico city
Identify the events and politics that occurred at the Berlin Olympics, including leading up to the hosting of these games
40 years marking the modern Olympics, Hitler presided over them, sprirdon Louis extended olive branch to Hitler, torch introduced, Barcelona's engaged in civil war right before people's olympiad the Olympic village would later hold nazi soldiers in WW@, experimental TV (25 TVs set around the country for public viewing), Jesse Owens won 4 Olympic medals, Hitler congregated all athletes before him, resistance to this Olympics because of the purging of Jews in business, Hitler used the Olympics for the first time as a propaganda tool
Identify how the IOC chose to deal with the governmental policies of apartheid of South Africa and Rhodesia in terms of participation in the Games.
Brundage and IOC allowed for Rhodesia to compete with Olympic identity cards under the Olympic Flag but Olympic united African notions opposed this, Rhodesia athletes arrived with ID cards but came in shirts with Rhodesia on them and athletics boycotted their events, IOC disinvited Rhodesia because passports weren't in order before the games started
Identify the names of the presidents of the IOC in order of service
Demetrios Vikelas (Greece), Coubertin (France), Baillet-Latour (Belgium), Sigrid Edstram (Sweden), Avery Brundage (USA), Lord Killian (Ireland), Juan Antonio Samaranch (Spain), Jacques Rogge (Belgium)
Identify the role/influence of television and sponsors in/on the Olympics.
Experimental Tv in 1936, First games on home tv in 1948, 1956 cortina d;amprezoo 1st winter games to be televised, CBS bought broadcasting rights for 1960 for $660,000, instant replay was bonr at 1960 squaw valley games, ABC outbid NBC 1968 telecast for 2.5 and 4.5 million, by 1995 NBC would continually outbid Olympic rights for coverage while increasing coverage on multiple network
Identify the fact that Japan has had the distinction of having many "firsts" for Asian countries in the modern Olympic era
First Asian country to have an athelet win a gold medal in the marathon, first Asian country to host the Olympics
Identify the dates and locations of the Nazi-Olympics and all post-WW II Olympic Games
Germany (1936), 1940-44 cancelled, 1948 St. Mortiz (winter) and London (summer, home tv was used here, USSR and Israel compted for the first time), 1952 Oslo, Norway (W), Helsinki, Finland (S), 1956 cortina d'amprezzo, Italy (W),Melborne, Australia (S) and then Stockholm for equestrian teams (S), 1960 Squaw Valley (W), Rome (S), 1964 Innsbruck, Austria (W), Tokoyo (S), 1968 Gernoble France (W), Mexico City (S), 1972 Sappora, Japan (W), Munich Germany (S), 1976 Innsbruck, Austria (W), Montreal, Canada "the big owe" (S), 1980 lake placid (W), Moscow (S), 1984 yugoslavia (W), LA (s), 1988 Calgary (W), Seoul, south korea
US involvement in Vietnam When did it take place, Who was involved and What happened
Ho chi min communist took over North Vietnam and South Vietnam teamed uo w/ US in 1962 JFK sent over military to train south Vietnam, hulf of Tonkin in 1964 allowed for johnso to send over US trrops and by 1968 500,000 troops sent, north Vietnamese established ho chi minh trail that paralled south Vietnam form Laos and cambodi to disrupt supply lines to south vietname, CIA stopped this by partnering with Laos, Vang Pao military leader who came up with a gurellia warfare effort, cease-fire in march 1973 but after us left North Viename let an allout offense on Soth Vietnam in 1975 and took their capital putting the whil country under communist control
• Explain the USSR vs USA dynamic in the Games o Miracle on Ice o Gold Medal Basketball game
Miracle on ice was a hockey game. was not the final game but played for the silver.a lot of tension in the game, thought that the soviets were going to win bcause they beat them 10-0 in the game before. basketball game ws not fair. the soviets were foulung USA reallyt bad but they won because the refs were rooting for the other team and didnt start the clock which meant that they got another chance to win and they did which isnt fair.
Identify the role of alpine skiing in the development of professionalism and commercialism in sport and the Olympic movement and Avery Brundage's opposition.
Professional skiiers were paid, Brindage wanted strictly to have amateurs compete in games, IOC overruled him and still let sponsored skiiers ski in Olympics
Identify the impact of the following events and the countries involved in the potential boycotting of the Games in the post WW II era with respect to the:
Seizure of the Suez Canal- Egypt took control of SC and nationalized it, blocking Israel passage in the process, Brits and French came to free the passage, then Egypt demanded IOC to not allow for countries to participate in Olympics that were at war with them, IOC refused the Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq would boycott the games Hungarian Revolution-Spain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, would boycott Melborne 1956 games because USSR invasion of Hungary when trying to challenge Soviet rule Apartheid States- OUA and Americans boycott Rhodesia participation in Olympics Soviet invasion of Afghanistan- US and other capitalist states boycott Moscow Olympics, biggest boycott in olympic history. Recognition of Taiwan and the Peoples republic of China- wanted to compete as two different China's but depised each for doing it and wouldn't compete in 1956 b/c of it, when IOC agreed to recognize both in the 1952 games, the ROC withdrew in protest, from 1956-1976 the ROC competed in the games, then returned in winter 1984 to compete under Chinese Taipei, The PRC competed 1980 winter &1984 summer games
Identify the political influences that led to the formation of:
The USSR: Israel- May 14 1948 (convinced Britain to establish a homeland in 1947 Brits captured Jerusalem fro Palestinians) The Eastern Block Countries- Warsaw Pact from 1955-91; created to promote socialism and prevent invasion of Russian Territory, compromised of Bulgaria, Czech, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Albania. East Germany- Peoples Republic of China- Created by Mao Ze Dong 1949, communist gov then other chinese left for Taiwan and created the Republic of China on Taipaie.
Identify and explain the Civil Rights Act 1964 and issues that led to it
The civil rights act sparked feminism and prohibited discrimination public facilities, government, and employment. The little rock nine, Rosa parks, MLK sit in in Geresborn, thregood marshall in brown vs board all led to the civil rights act
Identify the influences that the events listed immediately above had on the staging of the Games during the last half of the 20th century.
USSR using olympics as a propaganda tool to show that communism was better by waiting to participate in games until 1952.
Explain the reasons for the USSR and Communist (mainland) China to delay their participation in the Olympic movement following WW II.
Wanted to communist supremacy, strength, prosperity, and wealth
supplement
a nutritional supplement proves a subatsnce that is a component of a normal physiological or biochemical process
Be able to compare and contrast the definition of the terms amateur & professional athletes as provided by the IOC, USSR, and US
amateur athletes are not paid
drug
any article of devise (other than food) that alters a physiological or biochemical process, intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease
Explain the influences that Lee Evans, Tommie Smith, John Carlos, and Harry Edwards had on the 1968 Games
black power salute by Tommie smith and john carlos, harry Edwards started the the Olympic project for human rights on SJSU campus, peter Norman wore pin, Lee Evans also saluted and won 400m and 4x 400
HGH (human growth hormone)
causes growth for all tissues that are able to grow increases rate of protein synthesis used for AIds, wounds, burns ect...
Explain the events that led to having two German teams competing in the games
competed as two Germanies but under one flag from 56-68 then from the two germanies competed as seperate nations in 1968-89 until the berlin wall came down, in 1922 competed as a unified team at Barcelona games
Identify why Mexico City was the site of the farthest long jump and world records in the sprints
high altitude = thinner air
apartheid
institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in south Africa
Blood Doping,
naturally occurring hormone secreted by the kidneys. banned in 1990 testing in 2000 used by endurance athletes, marathon runners, and cross country skiers
Identify the expansion of the IOC and policy changes instituted by Lord Killanin when he became the IOC president
o Endorse athlets exceptance of sponsorships o Increase women's role in IOC and the games o Drop "amature" from the Olympics o Establish Olympic solidarity program to aide 3rd world countries in Olympics o Establish a commission of representatives of IOC's, NOC's, and IF's
Identify the relationship between the financial failure of the 1976 Games and the financial success of the 1984 Games
o In 1976 low-balled the budget, made ne w infrastructure that didn't even get finished until 2001, paid off debt in 2008 o In 1984 charged press, relied on volunteers, used existing infrastructure, sold broadcasting rights
Identify the accomplishments of great Olympic Champions
o Jesse Owens - won 4 gold medals in 1936 Olympics o Bob Mathias - from Tulare in 1948 London Games won the decathlon at age 17 after 4 months of taking up the sport, repeated gold agin in 52 during Helsinki o Wilma Rudolph - survivor of polio, won 3 olympic medals in sprinting events in 1960 olympics o Rafer Johnson - placed silver in 1956 in the decathaolon, wins decathlon in 1960 and lights Olympic caludron in 1986 o Muhammad Ali - formely casssius clay, won light heavy weight gold medal, refused to enlist in 1966 vietnam war, member of nation of islam, diagnoised with parkinsons and lit caludron in 96 in Atlanta o Al Oerter - by 1968 won 4 consecutive medals in discus o Emil Zatopek - won 5000, 10,000m and marathon in same Olympics of 1952 o Mark Spitz - won 7 gold medals in 7 swimming races in 1972 munich o Bruce Jenner - broke wr for decathlon in montreal 1976 o Nadia Comaneci - scored a perfect 10 in gymnastics but thought it was 1 fro hw the scoreboard shoed it, this was the 1st ever 10 in Olympic history o Eric Heiden - 7 gold medals in all skatig events 5 in all speed skating o Mary Lou Retton - US gymanast, 1st African American woman to win all around gold o Carl Lewis - gold in long jump in baracelona 1992 & would win 4 gold medals by 1996 o Karch Kiraly - led the us men's vball team to lolympic gold in seoul of 1988
Cambodia
o Oil crisis o Hostage Crisis - Iran overthrew a shah b/c of wester ideals, this shah the seeked mediacl attention for the US, the US administered it and then the Iranian students took 52 american hostages from the US embassy in Tehran (ARGO) o Soviet Union in Afghanistan • Rise of Al Qaeda - rised after bin laden retreated to Saudi Arabia after the USSR withdrew from Afghanistan • Taliban and current war in Afghanistan o Boycott
• Know the politics associated with the Squaw Valley games
o Richard Nixon presided over games o Brundage wanted to abolish winter games b/c of commercialism o Cusing built squaw valley from the bottom up
blood boosting
remove and re-infused of an athletes blood increases level of oxygen banned by ioc in 1896
Identify the Tlatelolco Massacre and the circumstances that led to this event
students from Mexico City were upset govt funding was going to build an olympic staudim rather then diverting to social programs
doping
use of foregin substances or other artificial means, as a means to obtain an unfair advantage over other competitors