Key General Chemistry Skills Properties of Solutions Dynamic Study Module

Copper(I) nitrate, CuNO3, is dissolved in water and forms a transparent, blue mixture. What type of mixture is it?

Solution

Which of the following is an example of a colloid?

Fog

Select the complete ionic equation for the reaction between KBr and NaCl.

K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) The complete ionic equation is K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq). The complete ionic equation will show all aqueous substances as ions, while pure liquids and solids will be shown in their molecular form as that is how they exist in solution. KBr(aq) + NaCl(aq) → K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) represents the dissociation of the reactants. K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → KCl(s) + Na+(aq) + Br−(aq) shows KCl as a solid but it is soluble in water and will be aqueous. KBr(aq) + NaCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + NaBr(aq) is the molecular equation.

Which equation best represents the behavior of KNO3 in water?

KNO3(s) → K+(aq) + NO3−(aq)

Precipitation reactions are the result of two aqueous substances reacting to form a solid product. Identify the solid product formed, if any, from the reaction of NH4NO3 and CaI2.

No solid product is formed. For this mixture, no solid product is formed. To find the potential products, swap the anions between the cations. The cation from the first reactant is paired with the anion from the second, while the cation from the second reactant is paired with the anion from the first. The reaction between the two substances is: CaI2(aq) + 2 NH4NO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2 NH4I(aq) All substances are aqueous, so there is no solid product formed in this reaction.

Select the complete ionic equation for the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl.

Ag+ + NO3- + Na+ +Cl- -> AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl.

Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s) The net ionic equation is Ag+(aq) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl(s). The complete ionic equation will show all aqueous substances as ions, while pure liquids and solids will be shown in their molecular form as that is how they exist in solution. The net ionic equation goes one step further and cancels out the spectator ions that have the same formula and state of matter on either side of the equation.

Which equation best represents the behavior of glucose in water?

C6H12O6(s) → C6H12O6(aq) Glucose in water is best represented by C6H12O6(s) → C6H12O6(aq). Glucose, C6H12O6, is a non-electrolyte, so it will dissolve in water but will not dissociate at all. Strong electrolytes dissociate completely, weak electrolytes dissociate partially, and non-electrolytes do not dissociate in water.

Which equation best represents the behavior of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, in water?

CH3CO2H(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + CH3CO2−(aq) Acetic acid in water is best represented by CH3CO2H(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + CH3CO2−(aq). Acetic acid, CH3CO2H, is a weak electrolyte, so it will partially dissociate in water. The equilibrium arrow (⇌) is used to indicate the compound partially dissociates. Strong electrolytes dissociate completely, weak electrolytes dissociate partially, and non-electrolytes do not dissociate in water.

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between Na2CO3 and BaCl2.

CO32−(aq) + Ba2+(aq) → BaCO3(s) The net ionic equation is CO32−(aq) + Ba2+(aq) → BaCO3(s). The complete ionic equation will show all aqueous substances as ions, while pure liquids and solids will be shown in their molecular form as that is how they exist in solution. The net ionic equation goes one step further and cancels out the ions that have the same formula and state of matter on either side of the equation.

Identify the solid product formed, if any, from the reaction of LiOH and CaCl2.

Ca(OH)2 To find the potential products, swap the anions between the cations. The cation from the first reactant is paired with the anion from the second, while the cation from the second reactant is paired with the anion from the first. The reaction between the two substances is: 2 LiOH(aq) + CaCl2(aq) → 2 LiCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(s) Ca(OH)2 is the only insoluble compound, so it will precipitate from the solution. LiCl is soluble in water, so it will not precipitate. LiOH and CaCl2 are reactants, so they can't be products and they are soluble in water.

Which of the following salts would be insoluble in water?

CaSO4

Which of the following is a weak electrolyte?

Carbonic acid, H2CO3 Carbonic acid, H2CO3, is a weak electrolyte as it is a weak acid. Weak acids partially dissociate into their ions, which is the definition of a weak electrolyte. Magnesium chloride is a strong electrolyte as it is an ionic compound. Sodium hydroxide is also a strong electrolyte as it is a strong base. Isopropyl alcohol is a nonelectrolyte as it is a covalent compound.

A mixture contains particles large enough to refract light, but the particles do not settle. What type of mixture is it?

Colloid

Identify the solid product formed, if any, from the reaction of K3PO4 and CuCl2.

Cu3(PO4)2

Which of the following is an example of a solution?

Gatorade

Select the complete ionic equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH

H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l) + Cl−(aq) + Na+(aq) The complete ionic equation is H+(aq) + Cl−(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l) + Cl−(aq) + Na+(aq). The complete ionic equation will show all aqueous substances as ions, while pure liquids and solids will be shown in their molecular form as that is how they exist in solution.

Which equation best represents the behavior of HCl in water?

HCl(s) → H+(aq) + Cl−(aq)

Which of the following is a nonelectrolyte?

Lactose

Which of the following is an example of a suspension?

Medication that indicates "shake before use" In a suspension, the solute size is very large, resulting in a heterogeneous or nonuniform mixture. The lack of uniformity results in layers as the solute particles separate upon standing. Therefore, a suspension can be filtered

Identify the solid product formed, if any, from the reaction of (NH4)2CO3 and Mg(NO3)2

MgCO3

Identify the solid product formed, if any, from the reaction of MgSO4 and Na2S.

MgS

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between KBr and NaCl.

No reaction There is no reaction for the net ionic reaction between KBr and NaCl. All of the substances exist in the aqueous phase, so they are all listed as aqueous ions. Therefore, they are all spectator ions and have the same formula and state of matter on both sides of the equation. KBr(aq) + NaCl(aq) → K+(aq) + Br−(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) represents the dissociation of the reactants.

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between NH4Cl and Pb(C2H3O2)2.

Pb2+(aq) + 2 Cl−(aq) → PbCl2(s) The net ionic equation is Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq) → PbCl2(s). The complete ionic equation will show all aqueous substances as ions, while pure liquids and solids will be shown in their molecular form as that is how they exist in solution. The net ionic equation goes one step further and cancels out the ions that have the same formula and state of matter on either side of the equation.

Which of the following is a strong electrolyte? KI, Methanol, Acetic Acid, Glucose

Potassium iodide, KI, is a strong electrolyte as it is a soluble ionic compound. Soluble ionic compounds completely dissociate into their ions, which is the definition of a strong electrolyte. Acetic acid is a weak electrolyte as it is a weak acid. Methanol and glucose are both nonelectrolytes as they are both covalent compounds.

Select the net ionic equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH.

THE CORRECT ANSWER H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l) The net ionic equation is H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l). The complete ionic equation will show all aqueous substances as ions while pure liquids and solids will be shown in their molecular form as that is how they exist in solution.

Which of the following is a weak electrolyte? -NaOH, C3H7OH, MgCl2, H2CO3

Weak electrolytes partially dissociate or break up into their ions. Weak acids and weak bases are weak electrolytes.