Khan

The sentiments expressed in the image helped prompt Congress to take which of the following actions? (The Old man of the Sea)

pass the Lend-Lease Act

"But hardships are part of war, and war is an aggregation of hardships. All citizens alike, both in and out of uniform, feel the impact of war in greater or lesser measure. Citizenship has its responsibilities, as well as its privileges, and, in time of war, the burden is always heavier. Compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direst emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. But when, under conditions of modern warfare, our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger." -Source: Associate Justice Hugo Black, Korematsu v. United States, the opinion of the Court, 1944 The Korematsu case emerged most directly from the context of which of the following?

the internment of Japanese-Americans after an organized attack of a military base in Hawaii

"If we enter the war today in order to save the British Empire, we will be involved in war for the rest of our lives. If the English Channel is our frontier, and this is our war, then we will have to defend it for years to come, for it is not a strong defensive position under the conditions of modern air warfare. In fact, to defend the Channel, we will have frequently to be undertaking military operations on the Continent of Europe. This war is not our war. We did not start it." -Source: Senator Robert A. Taft, "Statement on Lend-Lease," The Papers of Robert A. Taft: 1939-1944, February 26, 1941 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

the isolationist argument against US intervention

"The Great Crash of October 1929 marked a fundamental break in U.S. history, a drastic change in basic attitudes and institutions that define the roles of citizen and state. . . [T]he public mind was affected as much as the economy, with the people turning to the government for security. . . "The terror of the Great Crash has been the failure to explain it. People were left with the feeling that massive economic contractions could occur at any moment, without warning, without cause. That fear has been exploited ever since as the major justification for virtually unlimited federal intervention in economic affairs." -Source: Alan Reynolds, economist, "Fifty Years Later: What Do We Know About the Great Crash?" National Review, 1979 Which of the following would best serve as an example of how the government intervened in economic affairs during the Great Depression?

the passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff

". . . [I]t must be admitted that American Negroes have been a race more in name than in fact, or to be exact, more in sentiment than in experience. The chief bond between them has been that of a common condition rather than a common consciousness; a problem in common rather than a life in common. In Harlem, Negro life is seizing upon its first chances for group expression and self-determination. It is— or promises at least to be— a race capital. That is why our comparison is taken with those nascent centers of folk-expression and self-determination which are playing a creative part in the world to-day." -Source: Alain Locke, "The New Negro," 1925 The reference to "group expression" in the excerpt most directly refers to which of the following developments in African-American life in the 1920s?

the rise in authors and artists who sought to portray culture

Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image? (Midway Tide-Stick)

the start of the United States' "island-hopping" campaign in the Pacific

"[Critical participation] believes that to fail to protest the wrongs done Negroes as we fight this war is to participate in a crime, not only against Negroes, but against all true anti-Fascists. To fight against defects in our prosecution of the war is regarded as a responsibility. To remain silent simply because friends commit these wrongs is no less dangerous than if Negroes should actively aid the enemy." -Source: Editor of * The Negro Quarterly,* 1943 Which of the following most directly contributed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt?

the widespread segregation across the United States under Jim Crow laws

". . . Could we not have employment and food to eat. . . Why does Every Thing have Exceptional Value. Except the Human being— why are we reduced to poverty and starving and anxiety and Sorrow So quickly under your administration as Chief Executor Can not you find a quicker way of Executing us than to Starve us to death. . . how can we be Law abiding citizens and educate our children and be Happy Content with nothing to do nothing to eat. When your System has Every Thing under control and cant [sic] use It. nor will you give any thing [sic] a way [sic]. Why take more than you need, why make Laws and allow industry to take It all." -Source: Author unknown from Vinland, NJ, Letter to Herbert Hoover, Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man, 1930 The author's ideas expressed in the excerpt emerged most directly in response to which of the following developments in the United States?

an episode of market instability that led to massive unemployment

The policy suggested by the image was most directly a response to which of the following?

an influx of immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe

The policy suggested in the image was most directly a response to which of the following? (Old Man of the Sea)

concerns about American involvement in international conflicts

The image most directly illustrates a United States domestic policy that emphasized which of the following?

creating programs, agencies, and laws that aimed to ease the conditions of the Great Depression

"If we enter the war today in order to save the British Empire, we will be involved in war for the rest of our lives. If the English Channel is our frontier, and this is our war, then we will have to defend it for years to come, for it is not a strong defensive position under the conditions of modern air warfare. In fact, to defend the Channel, we will have frequently to be undertaking military operations on the Continent of Europe. This war is not our war. We did not start it." -Source: Senator Robert A. Taft, "Statement on Lend-Lease," The Papers of Robert A. Taft: 1939-1944, February 26, 1941 Which of the following best describes the key concern that the author addresses in the excerpt?

demands for the United States to send aid to Allied countries who were fighting the Axis powers

"[Critical participation] believes that to fail to protest the wrongs done Negroes as we fight this war is to participate in a crime, not only against Negroes, but against all true anti-Fascists. To fight against defects in our prosecution of the war is regarded as a responsibility. To remain silent simply because friends commit these wrongs is no less dangerous than if Negroes should actively aid the enemy." -Source: Editor of * The Negro Quarterly,* 1943 Based on the excerpt, the author would most likely support which of the following?

desegregating the military

"[Critical participation] believes that to fail to protest the wrongs done Negroes as we fight this war is to participate in a crime, not only against Negroes, but against all true anti-Fascists. To fight against defects in our prosecution of the war is regarded as a responsibility. To remain silent simply because friends commit these wrongs is no less dangerous than if Negroes should actively aid the enemy." -Source: Editor of * The Negro Quarterly,* 1943 Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?

desegregation of the American military by executive order

"Some historians have pictured the New Deal as the latest round in . . . the 'ceaseless conflict between man and the dollar.' But the distinctive feature of the political revolution which Franklin D. Roosevelt began and Truman inherited lies not in its resemblance to the political wars of Andrew Jackson or Thomas Jefferson, but in its abrupt break with the continuity of the past. If, as Charles A. Beard contended, the Civil War was the 'Second American Revolution,' the toppling of the dominance held by the Republicans for nearly three-fourths of a century can be considered as the Third American Revolution." -Source: Samuel Lubell, journalist, The Future of American Politics, 1952 Which of the following political shifts resulted most directly from the trends described in the excerpt?

African Americans and religious minorities became the primary base of the Democratic Party

The major trend depicted in the table most directly reflects which of the following developments in the United States during the mid-twentieth century?

Americans moved to cities to find jobs.

"S.J. (Interviewer): Could you tell me a little bit about the dust storms? "Criswell: Our cotton would be about five or six inches tall and it looked like a fire had gone over that field of cotton. It would just kill it and then in a few days it would be dead. . . I've seen it take out a whole big field of cotton just like that. We lived on the sandy land. The storms would start up in Kansas or somewhere. These local sand storms could sometimes could ruin your crop. . . They'd come just like a big old black cloud and they soon covered everything. . . A lot of the crops that were older it would just damage. You couldn't start over again. If the cotton was small enough you could start over again. It would just damage it so it wouldn't grow right." Source: Vera Ruth Woodwall Criswell, Interview from the California Odyssey archive, 1981 The phenomena described in the excerpt is an example of which of the following developments in the 1930s?

Dust Bowl

"The Great Crash of October 1929 marked a fundamental break in U.S. history, a drastic change in basic attitudes and institutions that define the roles of citizen and state. . . [T]he public mind was affected as much as the economy, with the people turning to the government for security. . . "The terror of the Great Crash has been the failure to explain it. People were left with the feeling that massive economic contractions could occur at any moment, without warning, without cause. That fear has been exploited ever since as the major justification for virtually unlimited federal intervention in economic affairs." -Source: Alan Reynolds, economist, "Fifty Years Later: What Do We Know About the Great Crash?" National Review, 1979 According to the passage, which of the following best explains the most important effect that the Great Depression had on society?

It led to calls for the federal government to have a more active role in regulating the economy.

" Until May 1940, most Americans had viewed the war in Europe as if it were a movie— a drama that, while interesting to watch, had nothing to do with their own lives . . . By the time of Pearl Harbor, attitudes toward entering the war had shifted dramatically. According to polls, a substantial majority of the U.S. population now regarding 'defeating Nazism' as 'the biggest job facing their country'; a similar majority preferred U.S. entry into the war to a German victory over Britain." -Source: Lynne Olson, Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939-1941, 2013 Which of the following statements best describes the author's argument about public opinion before the attack on Pearl Harbor?

It shifted towards supporting the United States entering World War II.

Which of the following statements best describes the perspective expressed in the image about modernism?

It was a threat to Christianity.

The image most strongly supports which of the following arguments about the Battle of Midway?

It was a turning point for the Allies in the Pacific.

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon?

Modernists, who valued science over religion, would eventually abandon any religious ties.

". . . Could we not have employment and food to eat. . . Why does Every Thing have Exceptional Value. Except the Human being— why are we reduced to poverty and starving and anxiety and Sorrow So quickly under your administration as Chief Executor Can not you find a quicker way of Executing us than to Starve us to death. . . how can we be Law abiding citizens and educate our children and be Happy Content with nothing to do nothing to eat. When your System has Every Thing under control and cant [sic] use It. nor will you give any thing [sic] a way [sic]. Why take more than you need, why make Laws and allow industry to take It all." -Source: Author unknown from Vinland, NJ, Letter to Herbert Hoover, Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man, 1930 Situations such as those described in the excerpt were most directly addressed by which of the following?

New Deal programs

"The Great Crash of October 1929 marked a fundamental break in U.S. history, a drastic change in basic attitudes and institutions that define the roles of citizen and state. . . [T]he public mind was affected as much as the economy, with the people turning to the government for security. . . "The terror of the Great Crash has been the failure to explain it. People were left with the feeling that massive economic contractions could occur at any moment, without warning, without cause. That fear has been exploited ever since as the major justification for virtually unlimited federal intervention in economic affairs." -Source: Alan Reynolds, economist, "Fifty Years Later: What Do We Know About the Great Crash?" National Review, 1979 Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument about life after the Stock Market Crash of 1929?

People were concerned about another Great Depression and gave the federal government more power to regulate the economy.

Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image?

President Roosevelt attempted to change the composition of the Supreme Court.

The image most strongly supports which of the following arguments about Roosevelt's actions during the Great Depression?

Roosevelt aimed to solve the economic crisis by creating several programs to offer immediate relief to Americans.

"But hardships are part of war, and war is an aggregation of hardships. All citizens alike, both in and out of uniform, feel the impact of war in greater or lesser measure. Citizenship has its responsibilities, as well as its privileges, and, in time of war, the burden is always heavier. Compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direst emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. But when, under conditions of modern warfare, our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger." -Source: Associate Justice Hugo Black, Korematsu v. United States, the opinion of the Court, 1944 The federal government established its legal authority to address threats considered a clear and present danger during which of the following earlier periods?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

". . . [I]t must be admitted that American Negroes have been a race more in name than in fact, or to be exact, more in sentiment than in experience. The chief bond between them has been that of a common condition rather than a common consciousness; a problem in common rather than a life in common. In Harlem, Negro life is seizing upon its first chances for group expression and self-determination. It is— or promises at least to be— a race capital. That is why our comparison is taken with those nascent centers of folk-expression and self-determination which are playing a creative part in the world to-day." -Source: Alain Locke, "The New Negro," 1925 Which of the following statements best summarizes Locke's argument?

The African American race lacked a cultural connection before 1920 but developed one through the creation of literature and art in New York.

". . . [I]t must be admitted that American Negroes have been a race more in name than in fact, or to be exact, more in sentiment than in experience. The chief bond between them has been that of a common condition rather than a common consciousness; a problem in common rather than a life in common. In Harlem, Negro life is seizing upon its first chances for group expression and self-determination. It is— or promises at least to be— a race capital. That is why our comparison is taken with those nascent centers of folk-expression and self-determination which are playing a creative part in the world to-day." -Source: Alain Locke, "The New Negro," 1925 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments?

The Harlem Renaissance

Which of the following statements is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon? (US lend lease)

The Lend-Lease Act was a way for the United States to support the Allies without entering the war.

Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon? (Old Man of the Sea)

The Neutrality Act is causing the Allies to lose World War II.

Which of the following events would serve as the best example of a conflict between modernists and traditionalists?

The Scopes Trial

Which of the following statements is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?

The United States needs to limit immigration because immigrants are dangerous to America's way of life.

"S.J. (Interviewer): Could you tell me a little bit about the dust storms? "Criswell: Our cotton would be about five or six inches tall and it looked like a fire had gone over that field of cotton. It would just kill it and then in a few days it would be dead. . . I've seen it take out a whole big field of cotton just like that. We lived on the sandy land. The storms would start up in Kansas or somewhere. These local sand storms could sometimes could ruin your crop. . . They'd come just like a big old black cloud and they soon covered everything. . . A lot of the crops that were older it would just damage. You couldn't start over again. If the cotton was small enough you could start over again. It would just damage it so it wouldn't grow right." Source: Vera Ruth Woodwall Criswell, Interview from the California Odyssey archive, 1981 Which of the following United States government actions most directly resulted from the conditions described in the excerpt?

The government instituted a program to deport people of Mexican descent.

" Until May 1940, most Americans had viewed the war in Europe as if it were a movie— a drama that, while interesting to watch, had nothing to do with their own lives . . . By the time of Pearl Harbor, attitudes toward entering the war had shifted dramatically. According to polls, a substantial majority of the U.S. population now regarding 'defeating Nazism' as 'the biggest job facing their country'; a similar majority preferred U.S. entry into the war to a German victory over Britain." -Source: Lynne Olson, Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939-1941, 2013 The conflict described in the excerpt is most similar to a conflict in what other period?

The period from the 1910s to World War I

Which of the following statements best explains the change over time in women's occupations depicted in the graph?

Women transitioned from primarily blue-collar work to white-collar and low-skilled work by 1920

The graph most strongly supports which of the following arguments?

Women were restricted to certain jobs that made less money, required fewer skills, and had a lower status.

"[General Marshall] foresaw a cycle of shortages; that of the moment was the supply shortage, in which the scarcity of supplies hindered mobilization, but he now became convinced that the bottleneck of the future would be that of manpower. He also considered the fact that war had become a complicated business which needed many civilian techniques, and that many of these were almost completely in the control of women. General Marshall asked me why we should try to train men in a specialty such as typing or telephone work which in civilian life has been taken over completely by women; this, he felt, was uneconomical and a waste of time which we didn't have." -Source: Interview with Colonel John H. Hilldring, United States Army in World War II Special Studies The Women's Army Corps, 1946 Which of the following was the most direct effect of conditions such as those described in the excerpt?

Women's socioeconomic situations improved as they earned wages.

The image was created most directly in response to which of the following? (MidWay Tide-Stick)

a major air assault by the United States on the Imperial Japanese Navy

The image was created most directly in response to which of the following? (US lend lease)

a new piece of legislation that allowed the United States to send aid to any of its allies

"If we enter the war today in order to save the British Empire, we will be involved in war for the rest of our lives. If the English Channel is our frontier, and this is our war, then we will have to defend it for years to come, for it is not a strong defensive position under the conditions of modern air warfare. In fact, to defend the Channel, we will have frequently to be undertaking military operations on the Continent of Europe. This war is not our war. We did not start it." -Source: Senator Robert A. Taft, "Statement on Lend-Lease," The Papers of Robert A. Taft: 1939-1944, February 26, 1941 The author's reference to "this war is not our war" most directly reflects which of the following policy changes?

a policy that sent aid to Britain as their victory would also defend the United States from the Axis powers

"Dear Sir: "I am persuaded to write you, concerning aid to unemployment. I hope this movement will be speeded up so people in Pottstown will feel and know the results before Cold weather comes upon us, the struggling starving working class under nourished [sic] Men[,] women, and children. It really is alarming that this so called [sic] prosperous Nation that we must suffer on [account] of a few men seeking power and rule and have laws pass to suit themselves. . . I am one of the men out of work but the rich dont [sic] care so long as they have full and plenty. . . "I hope relief will be coming soon and some action not Just paper talk." -Source: Author unknown from Pottstown, PA, Letter to Herbert Hoover, Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man, 1930 The excerpt reflects many Americans' belief at the time that the federal government was:

failing to address the immediate effects of the Great Depression.

"Dear Sir: "I am persuaded to write you, concerning aid to unemployment. I hope this movement will be speeded up so people in Pottstown will feel and know the results before Cold weather comes upon us, the struggling starving working class under nourished [sic] Men[,] women, and children. It really is alarming that this so called [sic] prosperous Nation that we must suffer on [account] of a few men seeking power and rule and have laws pass to suit themselves. . . I am one of the men out of work but the rich dont [sic] care so long as they have full and plenty. . . "I hope relief will be coming soon and some action not Just paper talk." -Source: Author unknown from Pottstown, PA, Letter to Herbert Hoover, Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man, 1930 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

how American views changed to call for the federal government to solve economic problems

"[General Marshall] foresaw a cycle of shortages; that of the moment was the supply shortage, in which the scarcity of supplies hindered mobilization, but he now became convinced that the bottleneck of the future would be that of manpower. He also considered the fact that war had become a complicated business which needed many civilian techniques, and that many of these were almost completely in the control of women. General Marshall asked me why we should try to train men in a specialty such as typing or telephone work which in civilian life has been taken over completely by women; this, he felt, was uneconomical and a waste of time which we didn't have." -Source: Interview with Colonel John H. Hilldring, United States Army in World War II Special Studies The Women's Army Corps, 1946] A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

how World War II expanded opportunities for women to serve

"But hardships are part of war, and war is an aggregation of hardships. All citizens alike, both in and out of uniform, feel the impact of war in greater or lesser measure. Citizenship has its responsibilities, as well as its privileges, and, in time of war, the burden is always heavier. Compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direst emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. But when, under conditions of modern warfare, our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger." -Source: Associate Justice Hugo Black, Korematsu v. United States, the opinion of the Court, 1944 A historian would most likely use this passage to illustrate which of the following?

how the United States government's power to restrict certain civil liberties is greatly expanded during wartime

The overall trend from 1900 to 1920 depicted on the chart resulted from which of the following?

increased demand for cheap labor to support the war effort during World War I

" In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. "The first is freedom of speech and expression-everywhere in the world. "The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-everywhere in the world "The third is freedom from want-which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants — everywhere in the world. "The fourth is freedom from fear-which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor-anywhere in the world. "That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb." Source: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, State of the Union Address, 1941 Arguments similar to those expressed in the excerpt were later employed to justify which of the following?

intervention in European, Middle Eastern, and Asian countries to stop the spread of Communism

". . . Could we not have employment and food to eat. . . Why does Every Thing have Exceptional Value. Except the Human being— why are we reduced to poverty and starving and anxiety and Sorrow So quickly under your administration as Chief Executor Can not you find a quicker way of Executing us than to Starve us to death. . . how can we be Law abiding citizens and educate our children and be Happy Content with nothing to do nothing to eat. When your System has Every Thing under control and cant [sic] use It. nor will you give any thing [sic] a way [sic]. Why take more than you need, why make Laws and allow industry to take It all." -Source: Author unknown from Vinland, NJ, Letter to Herbert Hoover, Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man, 1930 The author's account in the excerpt above most directly encouraged which of the following changes in the 1930s?

introduction of laws and programs to help offer relief to citizens affected by the Great Depression

The sentiments expressed in the image helped prompt Congress to take which of the following actions in the 1920s?

pass the Immigration Act of 1924

" Until May 1940, most Americans had viewed the war in Europe as if it were a movie— a drama that, while interesting to watch, had nothing to do with their own lives . . . By the time of Pearl Harbor, attitudes toward entering the war had shifted dramatically. According to polls, a substantial majority of the U.S. population now regarding 'defeating Nazism' as 'the biggest job facing their country'; a similar majority preferred U.S. entry into the war to a German victory over Britain." -Source: Lynne Olson, Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America's Fight Over World War II, 1939-1941, 2013 Which of the following most directly led to the changes described in the excerpt?

invasions carried out by German and Japanese forces into neighboring countries

Which of the following was a significant cause of the trend from 1930 to 1950 shown in the table?

need for war production during World War II, opening urban economic opportunities

The image most directly illustrates a United States foreign policy that emphasized which of the following? (US Lend Lease)

providing aid to Allied countries to support the defense of the United States

"Some historians have pictured the New Deal as the latest round in . . . the 'ceaseless conflict between man and the dollar.' But the distinctive feature of the political revolution which Franklin D. Roosevelt began and Truman inherited lies not in its resemblance to the political wars of Andrew Jackson or Thomas Jefferson, but in its abrupt break with the continuity of the past. If, as Charles A. Beard contended, the Civil War was the 'Second American Revolution,' the toppling of the dominance held by the Republicans for nearly three-fourths of a century can be considered as the Third American Revolution." -Source: Samuel Lubell, journalist, The Future of American Politics, 1952 The developments described in the excerpt most directly reflect which of the following changes in the 1930s?

realignment of the Democratic Party

" In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. "The first is freedom of speech and expression-everywhere in the world. "The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-everywhere in the world "The third is freedom from want-which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants — everywhere in the world. "The fourth is freedom from fear-which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor-anywhere in the world. "That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb." Source: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, State of the Union Address, 1941 Which of the following most immediately increased enthusiasm in the United States for the ideas outlined in the excerpt?

reports on wartime atrocities committed by Germany and Japan

"S.J. (Interviewer): Could you tell me a little bit about the dust storms? "Criswell: Our cotton would be about five or six inches tall and it looked like a fire had gone over that field of cotton. It would just kill it and then in a few days it would be dead. . . I've seen it take out a whole big field of cotton just like that. We lived on the sandy land. The storms would start up in Kansas or somewhere. These local sand storms could sometimes could ruin your crop. . . They'd come just like a big old black cloud and they soon covered everything. . . A lot of the crops that were older it would just damage. You couldn't start over again. If the cotton was small enough you could start over again. It would just damage it so it wouldn't grow right." Source: Vera Ruth Woodwall Criswell, Interview from the California Odyssey archive, 1981 Which of the following was the most immediate impact of conditions such as those described in the excerpt?

rise in internal migration from the plains to western states

Which of the following developments is the most direct cause of the perspective expressed in the image?

the Supreme Court ruling that New Deal laws were an unconstitutional use of federal power

"[General Marshall] foresaw a cycle of shortages; that of the moment was the supply shortage, in which the scarcity of supplies hindered mobilization, but he now became convinced that the bottleneck of the future would be that of manpower. He also considered the fact that war had become a complicated business which needed many civilian techniques, and that many of these were almost completely in the control of women. General Marshall asked me why we should try to train men in a specialty such as typing or telephone work which in civilian life has been taken over completely by women; this, he felt, was uneconomical and a waste of time which we didn't have." -Source: Interview with Colonel John H. Hilldring, United States Army in World War II Special Studies The Women's Army Corps, 1946 Colonel Hilldring's remarks in the excerpt most directly reflected which of the following developments during the mid-twentieth century?

the creation of employment opportunities for women in the military

"Dear Sir: "I am persuaded to write you, concerning aid to unemployment. I hope this movement will be speeded up so people in Pottstown will feel and know the results before Cold weather comes upon us, the struggling starving working class under nourished [sic] Men[,] women, and children. It really is alarming that this so called [sic] prosperous Nation that we must suffer on [account] of a few men seeking power and rule and have laws pass to suit themselves. . . I am one of the men out of work but the rich dont [sic] care so long as they have full and plenty. . . "I hope relief will be coming soon and some action not Just paper talk." -Source: Author unknown from Pottstown, PA, Letter to Herbert Hoover, Down and Out in the Great Depression: Letters from the Forgotten Man, 1930 The author's account in the excerpt above most directly reflects which of the following changes in the 1930s?

the election of Franklin Roosevelt over Herbert Hoover