Khan Academy - Social Studies Praxis

Old Kingdom Egypt

- Era of pyramid building - 2700 BC-2200 BC

The closest modern-day equivalent of a joint stock company is

A corporation, with shares spread among many investors

Pontiac's Uprising

A force of 300 members of different Native American tribes led by Chief Pontiac attempted to stop British encroachment on their territory in an armed rebellion.

Proclamation of 1763

A law passed by the British parliament that prohibited colonial movements west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Albany Plan of Union (1754)

A plan created by Benjamin Franklin to organize an intercolonial government, including a system to collect taxes and recruit troops.

Caravel

A small, fast ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese, which made exploration easier.

Jamestown, Virginia (1607)

First permanent English settlement

French and Dutch colonizers cultivated friendly relationships with Native Americans through which 2 things?

French and Dutch colonizers cultivated friendly relationships with Native Americans through intermarriage and military alliances.

reasons for European migration to the americas

God, Glory, and Gold

What did the Americas give to Europe?

Gold and silver

Maryland Act of Toleration (1649)

Guaranteed religious tolerance for all Christians living in Maryland

The Akkadian language is related to the modern languages of what 2 languages? These languages are known as ___________________.

Hebrew and Arabic Semitic Languages

who established New Amsterdam?

Henry Hudson (the Dutch)

The first representative government in colonial Virginia is what?

House of Burgesses

The French allied with the ________________, whereas the British allied with the __________________.

Hurons; Iroquois

what is the purpose o the Code of Hammurabi?

If a person of lower social rank harmed someone of a higher social rank, their punishment would be a large one (sixty blows with a whip, according to this example from the Code).

The perilous and frequently deadly forced journey made by enslaved Africans across the Atlantic in ships was known as the

Middle Passage

who established Roanoke, NC?

Sir Walter Raleigh attempted to establish a colony at Roanoke

Seven Years War

Sometimes called the French and Indian War, it was a conflict between France and Britain, in which the Algonquins sided with the French and the Iroquois sided with the British and the colonists.

Stono Rebellion (1739)

South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways.

what two goods were used to produce for sale?

Sugar and tobacco

Cuneform

Sumerian writing, but was also used for literature and legal codes

Some of the major Mesopotamian civilizations/cultures are what?

Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian civilizations.

irrigation

Supplying land with water through a network of canals

what is the one disease that spread from the new world to the old world?

Syphilis

The Akkadian Empire ruled over both the __________________ and ______________ speakers in Mesopotamia and the __________________.

The Akkadian Empire ruled over both the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers in Mesopotamia and the Levant

The French in particular created alliances with the _____________ and _________________.

The French in particular created alliances with the Hurons and Algonquians.

Chesapeake Bay

bay on which Jamestown was built settlers include wealthy planters and indentured servants

European economies shifted from a feudal economy to a _____________________ economy

capitalist

indentured servants were _______________ than slaves

cheaper

Which of the following was a reason that England did not have a successful colonial venture in the New World until 1607?

conflict with protestants and catholics

Sir Walter Raleigh was a promoter for the Roanoke Colony, which is most notable for

disappearing

When was the Code of Hammurabi created?

1792 BCE—1750 BCE

State

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs.

Bacon's Rebellion

An armed rebellion of former indentured servants who were upset that the Governor of Virginia would not send an army to attack Native Americans living on the frontier

Mercantilism

An economic theory that was designed to maximize trade for a nation and especially maximize the amount of gold and silver a country had.

British colonies in the south, ranging from the _____________________ to __________________________, focused on what? Plantation agriculture led to large populations of what?

British colonies in the south, ranging from the Chesapeake to the West Indies, focused on the production of cash crops like tobacco and sugar. The focus on plantation agriculture led to large populations of enslaved Africans

Who took over Jamestown in 1608?

Captain John Smith

Indentured Servants

Colonists from England who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years - 3-7 years they are free when their labor time is complete.

The career of the privateer Sir Francis Drake shows that

During the early Age of Exploration, England preferred to reap the rewards of the New World through piracy rather than by starting a colony of its own

who explored Maine?

John Cabot

Who married Pocahontas?

John Rolfe

Powhatan

Leader of the Algonquian tribe that lived in the area surrounding Jamestown

what was the economic philosophy of mercantilism?

Many Western European countries believed that their colonies should not trade with any other countries.

Plantation Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

New Netherlands

New Netherlands was a Dutch colony founded in 1609 by the Dutch East India Company to maintain Dutch fur-trading practices.

First New England colony

Plymouth

What is sumerian religion

Polytheism

which is the first permanent French settlement, founded in 1608.

Quebec, Canada

which colony was known as "the lost colony"?

Roanoke

Who was the French explorer who founded the first permanent French settlement?

Samuel de Champlain

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

The first war fought in 1614, ended with peace settlement by the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe. In 1622 the Indians attack leaving 347 settlers dead including John Rolfe. Name of two wars, fought in 1614 and 1644, between the English in Jamestown and the nearby Indian leader

Babylon

The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. (p. 29)

Columbina Exchange

The process by which commodities (horses, tomatoes, sugar, etc.), people, and diseases crossed the Atlantic.

Epidemic

The spread of a disease to a large group of people within a population in a short period of time.

Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of what two rivers?

Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Treaty of Paris

Treaty ending the Seven Years War, in which French ceded much of its North American territory to the British

tobacco was perfect for Virginia soil. T or F?

True

Ziggurats were built to honor ____________________ and usually were situated in the center of Mesopotamian cities. They're an example of ____________________________ and __________________________.

Ziggurats were built to honor local gods and usually were situated in the center of Mesopotamian cities. They're an example of urban planning and monumental architecture.

dynasty

a chain of rulers who are members of the same family, often with sons succeeding their fathers as rulers; ancient Egyptian history is often divided by royal dynasties.

Example of Code of Hammurabi

if a person from a noble class broke an enslaved person's arm, they would have to pay a fine, whereas if a noble person broke another noble person's arm, the offending noble would have their arm broken.

ziggurats

large platforms for Mesopotamian temples dedicated to the gods that people in each city worshiped; these structures required large amounts of resources and coordination to build

Slave Codes

laws to control slaves

Did the colonists obey the Proclamation of 1763?

no

Epic of Gilgamesh

one of the world's first works of literature, this story was written in cuneiform, and various pieces and versions of this story were recorded throughout early Mesopotamian civilization

the Akkadian-speaking ________________________ were the dominant power in Mesopotamia.

the Akkadian-speaking Assyrians were the dominant power in Mesopotamia,

the Code was written on what?

the Code was written on stone stele—slabs—and clay tablets.

Divine Kingship

the idea that a political ruler held his power by favor of a god or gods; Ancient Egyptian kings were believed to be living incarnations of gods.

Code of Hammurabi

the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety It echoed and improved upon the earlier written laws of Sumer, Akkad, and Assyria.

what did sumerians trade?

they traded textiles, leather goods, and jewelry for Harappan semi-precious stones, copper, pearls, and ivory.

The members of the Virginia House of Burgesses were mainly Choose 1 answer:

wealth white planters

Middle Kingdom Egypt

when kings regained control and focused on expanding trade and irrigation

New Kingdom Egypt

when the term "pharaoh" began to be used for kings