kidney and urinary
is the type of renal failure characterized by increased glomerular permeability and manifested by massive proteinuria
Acute Nephrotic Syndrome
A patient had a renal angiography and is being brought back to the hospital room. What nursing interventions should the nurse carry out after the procedure to detect complications?
Assess peripheral pulses, examine the puncture site for swelling an hematoma formation
The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient is
weight
At what point will a patient receive renal replacement therapy?
when renal function is 20%
A patient has AKI with a negative nitrogen balance. How much weight does the nurse expect the patient to lose?
0.5 kg/day
At the end of five peritoneal exchanges, a patient's fluid loss was 500 mL. How much is this loss equal to?
1 lb
The major waste protect of protein metabolism is urea, with approximately how many grams excreted
25 grams
urine osmolarity that indicates early sign of kidney disease
300
normal adult urine capacity is
300-500mL
What does the regulation of sodium volume excreted depend on?
aldosterone
Water is reaborsobed, rather than excreted, under the control of the
antidiuretic hormone
urine pH is
4.5-8
A patient has stage 3 chronic kidney failure. What would the nurse expect the patients GRF to be?
A GRF of 30-59 mL/min2/1.73
Where are amino acids and glucose usually filtered?
Glomerular capillaries
The most common causes of recurrent UTIs in elderly males is
chronic bacterial prostatitis
The primary cause of chronic kidney disease is
diabetes
Two blood levels that are significantly increased in acute kidney injury
BUN and creatinine.
The nurse is caring for a patient with end stage kidney disease in the hospital and smells a fetid odor from the patients breath. What major manifestation of uremia will be present?
Hypocalcemia with bone changes
The nurse is caring for a patient after kidney surgery. What major danger should the nurse closely monitor for?
Hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage
The nurse is educating a patient with urolithiasis about preventative measures to avoid another occurrence. what should the patient be encouraged to do?
Increased fluid intake so that the patient can excrete 2,500 to 4,000 mL every day, which will help prevent additional stone formation
The four phases of acute kidney injury are:
Initiating stage, oliguric stage, diuretic stage, and recovery stage.
The nurse is reviewing a patients laboratory results. What finding does the nurse assess that are consistant with acute glomerulonephritis?
RBCs in urine, proteinuria, white cell casts in the urine
A patient has an increase in blood osmolality when the nurse reviews the lab work. What can this increase indicate for the patient?
adh stimulation
The regulation of the amount of sodium excreted depends on the hormone
aldosterone
The nephron is located where in the kidney
cortex
The test that most accurately reflects glomerular filtration and renal excretory function
creatinine clearance test
Nephrosclerosis is primarily caused by
diabetes and hypertension
Three organisms most frequently found in UTIs are
ecoli, pseudomonas, and enterococcus
The three natural defenses to bacterial invasion of the urinary tract are
glycossaminoglycan (GAG) (protein), urinary immunoglobulin (IgA) (immunoglobulin) and normal bacterial flora, which interfere with the adherence of Escherichia coli.
When a person is dehydrated, the urine osmolality is
increased
The functional unit of each kidney is the
nephron
a patient has had surgery to create an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. What is a priority intervention by the nurse in the postoperative phase of care?
Monitor urine output hourly and report output greater than 30mL/hr
A patient undergoing a CT scan with contrast has a baseline creatinine level of 3mg/dL, identifying this patient as a high risk for developing kidney failure. What is the most effective intervention to reduce the risk of developing radio contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)?
Hydrating with saline IV before the test
The nurse is caring for a patient in the oliguric phase of AKI. What does the nurse know would be the daily urine output?
Less that 400 mL
A patient is on hemodialysis for the first time. The patient complains of a headache with nausea and begins to vomit, and the nurse observes a decreased level of conciseness. What does the nurse determine has happened?
The patient is experiencing a cerebral fluid shift.
The nurse is educating a patient about preparation for an IV urography. What should the nurse be sure to include in the preparation instructions?
The patient is restricted from eating or drinking from midnight until after the test
Name the three areas of the ureters that have a propensity for obstruction by renal calculi:
Ureopelvic junction, uretral segment, ureosical? Junction
Name the clinical findings that the nurse would expect in a patient who has nephrotic syndrome
Urine contains proteins & casts Renal insufficiencies & associated symptoms
The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the oliguric phase of kidney failure. When does the nurse understand that oliguria is said to be present?
When the urine output is about 100 mL/h
Where is the antidiuretic hormone, or vasopression, secreted?
posterior pituitary gland
The major manifestation of nephrotic syndrome is
proteinuria
