KIN 199 Chapters 4-6

What muscles are included in the core muscles?

Abdomen, pelvic floor, sides of the trunk, back, buttocks, hips, and pelvis

Women with too little body fat may experience amenorrhea, defined as _______ menstruation.

Absent or infrequent

Which describes a muscle fiber?

An enzyme that facilitates metabolism within muscle cellsa

Which is a definition of hypertrophy?

An increase in muscle fiber size

A BMW of 17.5 or less is sometimes used as a diagnostic criterion for...

Anorexia nervosa

What is the best description for isometric exercise?

Applying force without a change in the length of the muscle

What is the focus of dynamic stretching?

Functionally based movements

In order to lose weight and body fat, the best strategy is to focus on

Increased physical activity

What structures absorb and disperse stress on the spine?

Intervertebral disks

What defines an antagonistic muscle?

A muscle that relaxes as another contracts

What is a proprioceptor?

A nerve

According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO), a BMI of about _______ is considered normal and healthy.

18.5 to 24.9

According to the experts, a percentage of body fat below the range of ________ is considered unhealthy.

3% to 5% for men and 8% to 12% for women

What is the recommended amount of resistance and number of repetitions for improving muscular endurance?

40% to 60% RM; 15 to 20 reps

What is the recommended amount of resistance and number of repetitions for building muscular strength rapidly?

80% RM; 1 to 5 reps

Which technique for evaluating health risks associated with body weight is based on the concept that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height-- thus yielding sometimes inaccurate results?

Body Mass Index (BMI)

How is muscular endurance assessed?

By measuring the ability of a muscle to exert a submaximal force repeatedly over time

How is muscular strength assessed?

By measuring the most force a muscle can produce in one effort

During which of the following muscle contractions does a muscle lengthen as it contracts?

Eccentric

What are the two principal types of connective tissue in a muscle?

Elastin and collagen

Spine extension primarily develop the:

Erector spinae

BMI is only an indirect indicator of body fatness and therefore will not accurately classify all individuals because it fails to distinguish between

Fat weight and fat-free weight

What characterizes slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Fatigue resistance

What makes up a motor unit?

One motor nerve connected to muscle fibers

What is the long-term lengthening of connective tissues called?

Plastic elongation

Which type of exercise is an individual performing when she or he jumps from a platform to the ground and then jumps back up on the platform?

Plyometrics

What type of stretching features contracting a muscle prior to stretching?

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

What characterizes fast-twitch muscle fibers?

Rapid contraction

What is a symptom of metabolic syndrome?

Resistance to effect of insulin

What are joint capsules?

Semielastic structures that surround major joints

The terms endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph are all ______, which describe basic body builds.

Somatotypes

Which statement is true about the location of fat in the body?

Subcutaneous fat is located under the skin, and visceral fat is located around major organs

What is the most common site of back pain?

The lumbar area

When does the metabolic rate increase?

When muscle mass increases

Why do women have a higher proportion of essential fat than men?

Women have essential fat deposited in gender-specific sites