KIN 224- Exam 2

The life span of an erythrocyte is about __________ days

120

the lifespan of an erythrocyte is about ______ days

120

The temperature of blood is about _________ than measured body temperature.

1° C higher

During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?

2

during a cardiace cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time

2

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

4

plasma makes up about _____ precent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood

55

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?

92%

which leukocytes are granulocytes? a. neutrophils b. eosinophils c. lymphocytes d. monocytes e. basophils f. erythrocytes

A, B, E

which are characteristics of type O blood? a. has anti-A antibodies b. has anti-B antibodies c. has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d. has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e. has neither antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

A, B, and E

the brachiocephalic veins are formed by the a. internal jugular veins b. right sigmoid sinus c. left sigmoid sinus d. subclavian veins e. straight sinus

A, D

which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a. always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b. only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c. always has Rh (D) antigen d. only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e. is inherited independent of the ABO group

B and E

The foramen ovale of the fetal heart is an opening in the

Interatrial septum

what part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava

SA node

Please match the event in the cardiac cycle with the corresponding component of an ECG.

Ventricles depolarize and contract- QRS complex Atria depolarize and contract: P wave Ventricles repolarize and relax: T wave

Tendons and ligaments have

a low degree of vascularization, therefore low perfusion and slow healing

when trying to diagnose an infection that alters the percentages of leukocyte types found in the blood, it is useful for clinicians to perform

a white blood cell differential count

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a. Has anti-A antibodies b. Has anti-B antibodies c. Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d. Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e. Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

a, b, e

Which leukocytes are granulocytes a. Neutrophils b. Eosinophils c. Lymphocytes d. Monocytes e. Basophils f. Erythrocytes

a, b, e

the smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

albumins

Angiogenesis

allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue

which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax

aortic semilunar valve

which features permits the compression necessary to pump large volumes of blood out of the ventricles

arrangement of cardiac muscle in the heart wall

which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media

arteries

the pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle and conducts it toward the lung. the pulmonary trunk is a

artery

blood plasma is slightly _____; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of_____

basic, proteins

The first phase of hemostasis involves

blood vessel constriction

label the veins of the upper limb

bottom: superficial palmar venous arch

the superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _____ veins

brachiocephalic

cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped

by a single ventricle in one minute

valves in the veins

cause venous blood to go in only one direction

High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate

chemoreceptors to activate the vasomotor center

The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the

coronary sulcus

the atria are separated from the ventricles externally by the

coronary sulcus

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely

decrease

one of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. if too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will

decrease

Vagal tone refers to the

decreasing of the heart rate below its inherent rhythm by parasympathetic stimulation

The main function of leukocytes is to

defend against pathogens

The pulmonary trunk carries

deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs

Blood flow is

directly related to the pressure gradient but inversely related to the resistance

peripheral resistance is

directly related to vessel length and inversely related to vessel radius

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

donor is type AB, recipient is type B

which is going to result in significant agglutination

donor type is AB, recipient is type B

the most numerous of the formed elements are the

erythrocytes

the vessels that supply the lower limbs are the

external iliac arteries

The membrane of a contractile cardiac muscle cell contains

fast voltage-gated sodium channels and slow voltage-gated calcium channels

the atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the

floor of the right atrium

cardiac output equals

heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

hepatic veins

Increased cardiac output _____ the blood pressure

increases

Pectinate muscles are found on the

internal walls of the right and left atria

the force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

is called the blood pressure

The popliteal artery supplies the

knee joint

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

liver and spleen

the branch of the external carotid that is responsible for supplying teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery

maxillary

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n)

monocyte

the type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a

monocyte

Concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries,

more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed

concerning the exchange between blood and interstitial fluid at systemic capillaries

more fluid is filtered than reabsorbed

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

myocardium

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes?

neutrophils

The umbilical cord contains _____ umbilical vein(s) and _____ umbilical artery(ies)

one; two

the femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it

passes above the inguinal ligament

the heart valves

permit the passage of blood in one direction

Which correctly describes the heart's apex?

projects slightly anteroinferiorly toward the left side of the body

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

protection

which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies

protection

Considering the bulk flow that occurs at capillary beds, the lymphatic system is need to

reabsorb excess fluid from the interstitial fluid

If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles, These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be

regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle

The fossa ovalis appears just above the opening of the coronary sinus within the

right atrium

which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood

right atrium and right ventricle

Each of the receiving chambers of the heart has a wrinkled flaplike extension; the one that is more visible from an anterior view is the

right auricle

Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)

simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is

slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues

The metabolic pathways of cardiac muscle make it

somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism

tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can

stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasodilator

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the _____ nervous system

sympathetic

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions?

systemic circuit

which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions

systemic circuit

the function of the coronary sinus is to

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the

tendinous cords

blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to

the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption

During ventricular contraction

the semilunar valves open and the AV valves close

during ventricular contraction

the semilunar valves open and the AV valves close

if agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate

the wrong blood type was used

Blood is correctly classified as a(n)

tissue

the ______ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

tunica intima

in arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the

tunica media

to compensate for significant blood loss, the autonomic nervous system triggers

vasoconstriction and an increase in heart rate

congenital hemolytic anemia is

when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal