KIN 3304- Chapter 4: Shoulder Girdle Questions

MUSCLES

-5 distinct sections: cervical: 7 vertebrae thoracic: 12 vertebrae

Subclavius muscle

-Origin: Superior aspect of 1st rib at its junction with its costal cartilage -Insertion: Inferior groove in the midportion of the clavicle -Action: Depression and abduction (protraction), stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint

Trapezius (upper fibers)

-Origin: base of skull, occipital protuberance, and posterior ligaments of neck -Insertion: posterior aspect of the lateral 3rd of the clavicle -action: elevation, upward rotation and extension and ipsilateral rotation

Movements

-abduction/protraction: shoulder blades moving away from the spinal column -adduction/retraction: shoulder blades moving towards the spinal column

Sternoclavicular joint

-articulation: sternal end of clavicle with manubrium of sternum: fibrocartilage articular discs -type: arthrodial (plane) joint or Sellar (saddle) joint -movements: slight movement in all 3 planes

movements

-common pivot point at SC joint -shoulder girdle movements= scapular movements

The shoulder girdle

-composed of scapula, clavicle, and sternum -base from which the upper extremity moves -attachment point -scapula and clavicle move as a unit

muscles

-five muscles: pectoralis minor, serrates anterior, trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae -all originate on axial skeleton and insert on scapula or clavicle -do not have actions at shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint)

Pectoralis minor

-origin: anterior surface of third to fifth ribs -insertion: coracoid process of scapula -action: depression, protraction (abduction), downward rotation

Rhomboid

-origin: spinous processes of last cervical (C7) and first five thoracic vertebrae (T1-T5) -insertion: medial border of scapula below spine -action: elevation, downward rotation, adduction (retraction)

Trapezius (middle fibers)

-origin: spinous processes of seventh cervical and upper three thoracic vertebrae -insertion: medial border of the acromion process and upper border of the scapular spine -action: elevation, upward rotation, and adduction (retraction)

Serratus anterior

-origin: surfaces of upper nine ribs at side of chest -insertion: anterior aspect of whole length of medial border of scapula -action: upward rotation and abduction (protraction)

Levator Scapulae

-origin: transverse processes of upper four cervical vertebrae (C1-C4) -insertion: medial border of scapula from the superior angle to scapular spine -action: elevation

Scapulothoracic joint

-scapula and loose connective tissue between serrates anterior and subscapularis muscles -false joint -movement in 3 planes: accompanies motion at AC and SC joint -abduction, adduction, upward/downward rotation, elevation-depression -moves with AC and SC joints

Joints

-sternoclavicular (most medial) -acromioclavicular (laterally) -scapulothoracic (posteriorly)

Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the posterior surface of the scapula?

Infraspinous fossa

Which of the following is an important application of the trapezius muscle?

It is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms.

Which of the following is a key application of the serratus anterior muscle?

It is used strongly in doing push-ups, especially in the last 5 to 10 degrees of motion.

Trapezius (lower fibers)

Origin: spinous process of 4th to 12th thoracic vertebrae Insertion: triangular space of the base of scapular spine -action: depression, adduction (retraction), and upward rotation

Bones

Scapula -coracoid process -acromion process -glenoid fossa -lateral border -medial border -inferior angle -spine of scapula

Which of the following muscles has its origin in the surface of the upper nine ribs at the side of the chest?

The serratus anterior muscle

Which of the following statements is true about the rhomboid muscles?

Their concentric actions include adduction and downward rotation.

Which of the following is a salient feature of the upper fibers of the trapezius muscle?

They assist in extension of the head due to their origin on the base of the skull.

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, an anterior tilt is a consequential rotational movement of the scapula _____.

about the frontal axis occurring during hyperextension of the glenohumeral joint

In the context of shoulder girdle movements, which of the following terms refers to the movement of the scapula medially toward the spinal column, as in pinching the shoulder blades together?

adduction

Acromioclavicular joint

articulation: acromial end of clavicle acromion process of scapula -type: arthrodial (plane) joint

Which of the following actions is not performed concentrically by the trapezius muscle?

downward rotation

The trapezius lower fibers are involved concentrically in all of the following actions except:

elevation

Which of the following actions is performed concentrically by the levator scapulae muscle?

elevation

Movements part 3

elevation: superior movement of the shoulder blades depression: inferior movement of the shoulder blades

The levator scapulae muscle when contracting concentrically is responsible for upward rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula.

false

The origin of the levator scapulae muscle is the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and first five thoracic vertebrae.

false

The origin of the pectoralis major muscle is the anterior surfaces of the third to fifth ribs.

false

The origin of the rhomboid muscles is the spinous processes of the last cervical and the first seven thoracic vertebrae.

false

The origin of the serratus anterior muscle is the surface of the upper seven ribs at the side of the chest.

false

The pectoralis minor muscle can perform adduction, downward rotation, or depression when contracting concentrically.

false

The scapula moves on the rib cage as a consequence of joint motion actually occurring at the acromioclavicular joint and to a lesser extent at the sternoclavicular joint.

false

The sternoclavicular joint is supported anteriorly by the costoclavicular ligament.

false

The trapezius muscles can cause adduction in a transverse plane of motion when contracting eccentrically.

false

Which of the following muscles are used powerfully in the lifting phase of chinning, an activity in which an individual hangs from a horizontal bar suspended by his or her hands and pulls himself or herself up until his or her chin is over the bar?

rhomboid muscle

shoulder girdle movements

scapula elevation scapula depression scapula abduction/ adduction scapula upward rotation/ downward rotation

Synergy with glenohumeral joint

shoulder joint and shoulder girdle work together: stabilize and proper positioning

Which of the following applications necessarily involves the levator scapulae muscle concentrically?

shrugging the shoulders

Which of the following muscles performs stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint?

subclavius muscle

Which of the following bony landmarks is located on the anterior surface of the scapula?

subscapular fossa

importance of posture

tend to develop forward shoulder posture

The shoulder girdle movements primarily involve all of the following muscles except:

the pectoralis major muscle

Which of the following muscles is most commonly affected by scapular winging?

the serratus anterior muscle

Which of the following muscles would best be strengthened by the bench press and overhead press exercises?

the serratus anterior muscle

Which of the following muscles inserts on the triangular space at the base of the scapular spine?

the trapezius muscle

Which of the following muscles concentrically performs both elevation and depression?

trapezius muscle

The concentric actions of the serratus anterior muscle include scapula abduction and upward rotation.

true

The insertion of the pectoralis minor muscle is on the coracoid process of the scapula.

true

The insertion of the serratus anterior muscle is on the anterior aspect of the whole length of the medial border of the scapula.

true

The levator scapulae muscle inserts on the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the scapular spine.

true

The origin of the subclavius muscle is the superior aspect of the first rib at its junction with its costal cartilage.

true

The scapula is unable to move on the trunk without movement of the sternoclavicular and/or acromioclavicular joints.

true

The serratus anterior muscle when contracting concentrically performs abduction in a transverse plane of motion.

true

Which of the following actions is performed concentrically by the serratus anterior muscle?

upward rotation

Which of the following movements involves moving the inferior angle superiorly and laterally away from the spinal column to assist in raising the arm out to the side?

upward rotation

Which of the following actions is associated with the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle?

upward rotation, elevation, and adduction

Movements part 2

upward rotation: Turning the glenoid fossa upward and moving the inferior angle superiorly and later- ally away from the spinal column downward rotation: Returning the inferior angle medially and inferiorly toward the spinal column and the glenoid fossa to its normal position

Which of the following is an efficient way to stretch the pectoralis minor muscle?

By lying supine with a rolled towel directly under the thoracic spine while a partner pushes each scapula into retraction