kine 3332 exam 1 study guide
work
-a purposeful activity that includes physical of mental effort (or both) needed to perform a task, overcome an obstacle, or achieve a desired outcome -often connected to earning a living -professional athletes are paid to perform work by training and participating in sport -sport can take on the characteristics of work if the goal is a professional career (even at a young age)
figurational theory
-emphasizes connections between people and their interdependence -examines change over time
functionalist theory
-emphasizes maintaining the status quo and equilibrium -change happens gradually to adjust to conditions
play
-physical activity of childhood -free activity to explore environment, express oneself, dream, and pretend -no firm rules or set location -outcome unimportant -pleasure as the only objective
sport
-physical or athletic component -competition -institutionalized games -specialized facilities and equipment
new games
-replace competition with cooperation, participation, creativity, and personal expression -used around the world to bring groups together in various settings
conflict theory
-sees economic interests as shaping the world -those who have power exploit those who do not -change is inevitable and struggle on the part of repressed classes is expected
games
-specialized form of play with more structure -inactive or active and have clear participation goals (either mental, physical, or a combination of both) -informal or formal rules -competition -outcome determined by luck, strategy, skill -result in prestige or status
critical theory
-views life as complex and diverse -order is obtained through struggles over ideology and power -the goal is a better life for all citizens -sport does not simply mirror society, it provides opportunities to change society
interactionist theory
-views the world from the bottom up rather than from the top down -focuses on relationships between people -people make conscious decisions about how to respond and act toward the outside world
direct spectators
attend a live sporting event a stadium, arena, or other venue
biophysical domain
examining physical activity through biomechanics, physiology, and medicine
sociocultural domain
examining physical activity through history, philosophy, and sociology
psychosocial domain
examining physical activity through psychology
the term sport
has been used through the ages to refer to physical activities that are competitive and organized and that divert people from everyday business of sustaining life or producing economic gain
the word sport
is derived from the Latin root desporto
sport pyramid
play, games, sport, work
common activities in various cultures
running, swimming, jumping competitions, and combat related activities
sociology
the study of society, its institutions, and its relationships
sport sociology
the study of sport and physical activity in the context of the social conditions and culture in which people live
Greeks
they used sport to celebrate and honor the gods
biophysical, psychosocial, sociocultural
three domains of sport and exercise sciences
Spartans
used sport to improve war skills
Athenians
used sport, along with academics and music, to develop a person holistically
indirect spectators
watch or listen to sport through radio, tv, or the internet
personal development, scholarly study, professional practice
why do we study sport