KINE-N220 Ch 5

Which of the following substances are types of lipids?

-Cholesterol -Triglycerides -Saturated fatty acids

Pair the type of fatty acid with its associated shape of the carbon chain.

-Cis fatty acid: Causes the carbon chain to bend -Trans fatty acid: Allows the carbon chain to remain straighter

Match each type of lipid to a description of its chemical structure.

-Fatty acid= chain of carbons flanked by hydrogens -triglyceride= glycerol backbone with three fatty acids -phospholipid=.glycerol backbone with fatty acids and at least one phosphorus-containing -group -sterol= multi-ringed compound with a hydroxyl group

Drag the lipid to its corresponding structure

-Saturated Fatty Acid -monounsaturated fatty acid -omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid -omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid

What are the structural components of a triglyceride?

-Three attached fatty acids -Glycerol backbone

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

-alpha-linolenic -acid-linolenic acid

Match each description to the appropriate lipoprotein.

-chylomicron: carries absorbed lipids from the small intestine to body cells -VLDL: carries mostly triglycerides taken up from the bloodstream by the liver as well as any fat made by the liver, to body cells -LDL: Arises from VLDL and carries mostly cholesterol to cells -HDL: Arises mostly from the liver and intestine and carries cholesterol from cells to other lipoproteins and to the liver for excretion

what are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?

-energy storage -transport of fat-soluble vitamins -insulation

just because a food is high in fat does not mean it is unhealthy. some high-fat foods, such as plant oils and nuts, should be included in the diet because they are sources of

-essential fatty acids -fat-soluble vitamins

What are the components of a phospholipid molecule?

-glycerol backbone -phosphorus-containing molecule

What are some health benefits associated with consuming a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids?

-reduced risk of heart disease -decreased blood triglyceride levels -reduced inflammation

Match the fatty acid type with its correct chemical structure description.

-saturated fatty acid: no carbon-carbon double bond -monounsaturated fatty acid: no carbon-carbon double bond -polyunsaturated fatty acid: two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Match the fatty acid type with its correct chemical structure description

-saturated fatty acid= contains no carbon-carbon double bonds -monounsaturated fatty acid= one carbon-carbon double bond -polyunsaturated fatty acid= two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Triglyceride are used as the primary energy source by muscles

-when the body is at rest -during low-intensity physical activity

The acceptable macronutrient distribution range set by the food and nutrition board for lipids is __% to __% of kilocalories

20% to 35%

Drag the statement about fat digestion anatomy to its appropriate place on the body; roll over the boxes to reveal the name of the body part.

Mouth: Minor fat digestion by salivary lipase. Stomach: Minor fat digestion by gastric lipase. Small Intestine: Site of most fat digestion and absorption. Liver: Secretes bile to emulsify fats. Pancreas: Secretes pancreatic lipase and other enzymes for fat digestion.

List the steps of fat digestion and absorption starting in the mouth and ending at the small intestine:

a. Some lipase is released by the salivary glands and stomach b. lipase begins digesting short-chain fatty acids in the stomach c. bile emulsifies the fats d. pancreatic lipase digests long-chain fatty acids and triglycerides e. triglycerides are broken down and absorbed in the small intestine

Which of the following is not a type of lipid?

amino acids

What two chemical groups are found at the end of either side of the fatty-acid carbon chain?

an acid group(COOH) and a methyl group(CH3)

Lipoprotein lipase breaks down triglycerides in the ________.

bloodstream

Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all types of lipids have in common?

do not readily dissolve in water

The most abudant type of lipids are phospholipids. Multiple choice question

false

True or false: most Americans need to drastically cut the amount of fat they consume each day.

false

The layer of triglycerides beneath the skin serves to

insulate the body

what enzyme plays an important role in fat digestion?

lipase

__________-density lipoprotein is considered the "bad" cholesterol

low

Fats are involved in all of the following except: Multiple choice question

primary energy source

__________ occurs over time as heat, light, or occurs over time as heat, light, or oxygen break down the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids in food products, resulting in undesirable flavors and odors.

rancidity

What are some examples of food that may contain partially hydrogenated (trans) fats?

stick margarine, shortening, french fries

The majority of fat digestion occurs in the small intestine.

true

To reduce heart attack risk, the American Heart Association recommends consuming fish

twice per week

Put the steps of fat digestion and absorption in order from first (1) to last occurring event (8).

1. Lipase breaks triglycerides down into monoglycerides and fatty acids in the small intestine. 2. Monoglycerides and fatty acids absorbed by the small intestine cells are repackaged into triglycerides 3.Small intestine cells package triglycerides into chylomicrons. 4. Chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system and the bloodstream. 5. Triglycerides in the chylomicron are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipoprotein lipase. 6.Fatty acids are released to the body cells and glycerol circulates back to the liver. 7. Muscle cells use absorbed fatty acids immediately for fuel and adipose cells re-form fatty acids into triglycerides for storage. 8. Chylomicron remnant removed from circulation by the liver and its components are recycled to make other lipoproteins and bile acids.

place the steps of dietary fat absorption in the order they occur

1. glycerol, monoglycerides, and fatty acids are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the small intestinal cells 2. triglycerides are reassembled within the cells lining the small intestine 3. triglycerides are packaged into chylomicrons 4. chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system

Fat has how many cals/g?

9

Complete each of the sentences about lipids with the appropriate term.

There are a number of lipids that are found in foods and contribute to various functions in the body. Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in food and in the body; they consist of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids. Fatty acids are classified based on the degree to which the carbon chain is saturated with hydrogen. A fatty acid is saturated if it contains no carbon-carbon double bonds, polyunsaturated if it contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds, and monounsaturated if it has only one carbon-carbon double bond. The unsaturated fatty acids can exist in one of two structural forms. When hydrogens on an unsaturated fatty acid lie on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond, a cis formation exists. The trans form occurs when hydrogens on both carbons forming the double bond lie on opposite sides of the bond.

Why do reduced-fat foods contain the same, or similar, amount of calories as their reference foods?

When fat is removed, sugar is usually added to maintain a palatable flavor and texture, usually resulting in similar energy density.

Fats and oils contain mixtures of various fatty acids. Which of the following fats and oils are high in saturated fatty acids?

coconut oil, cheeseburger, butter