Kines 330 exam 2 quiz
To determine the effects of fatigue from a particular type of exercise, keeping the temperature and humidity constant would be considered what types of variables because they may influence the outcome of the study.
control variables
The qualitative researcher typically
studies a small number of participants
In evaluating the methods section of a research report, which is a very important question to keep in mind?
Did the author provide enough information that the study could be repeated?
An important principle regarding human subjects research is the right of informed consent which states that the researcher is obligated to
explain the major features of the study to the participants before the beginning of the study so that they have the opportunity to decline to take part
A limitation of some large epidemiological cohort studies is
the inability to experimentally establish cause and effect
A research hypothesis
is directly testable
An important advantage of the qualitative method is that
it is more likely than other methods to lead to new insights about the problem
In comparison to surveys, qualitative interviews tend to be
less structured
Which of the following were limitations of the study?
-Homogeneous population -Multiple components in intervention 'package' -Small sample size
Individuals performing well merely because they are being observed (and not necessarily because of any effect of treatment) are considered to be under the influence of the
Hawthorne effect
This study is an example of which type of epidemiological study design?
a randomized control trial
A researcher thinks that there will be a inverse relationship between functional movement scores and number of injuries. This is an example of a
a research hypothesis
Of the surveys frequently used for measuring physical activity in epidemiological research, the shortest (one to four items) is the
global questionnaire
Prevalence of disease differs from incidence of disease in that prevalence refers to the number of
people who presently have a disease, whereas incidence relates to new cases
The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of
sorting and categorizing
In describing participants in the methods section of a research report, which of the following should be included?
-number of participants -pertinent descriptive characteristics of participants
Which of the following statements would appear in the procedures part of the methods section of a research report?
Participants in the experimental group exercised three days per week for 30 minutes per day for 10 weeks.
It can be advantageous to carry out a pilot study prior to the actual research study because
it permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures
A dose-response relationship is one where you would expect to see the risk or an outcome changing with greater exposure to a risk factor or protective factor.
true
Meta-analyses follow strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to minimize potential bias.
true
The null hypothesis states that there is no difference among treatments or relationship among variables.
true
The data utilized by this meta-analysis came from studies using which epidemiologic study design?
Cohort studies
The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?
Did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?
A study limitation is an observable phenomenon that enables the researcher to test if the predicted outcomes can be supported.
False
Which of the following terms is used in connection with intensity of exercise and refers to the ratio of metabolic rate during exercise to the rate while resting?
MET
A strength of this study was the use of an accelerometer to assess physical activity before and after the intervention. This allowed for...
Objective and continuous measurements of physical activity
The part of the methods section of the research paper that describes the activities of each treatment group is called the
Procedures
Studies have shown that physical activity after a cancer diagnosis improves outcomes with regards to mortality, quality of life, and recurrence of some cancers. Physical activity is an example of a...?
Protective factor
The researchers found that individuals who engaged in the equivalent of 300 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity had a 20% lower risk of CHD than those reporting no leisure-time physical activity. Which of the following relative risks (risk ratios) reflects this finding?
RR = 0.80
Which of the following was not a primary finding of this study?
This intervention increases long-term physical activity adoption and adherence among cancer survivors
The researchers found that individuals who engaged in the equivalent of 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity had a relative risk (or risk ratio) = 0.86 [95% CI: 0.77-0.96] compared to those with no leisure-time physical activity. An individual who met this level of activity would have...
a 14% lower risk of CHD than someone with no leisure-time physical activity
Defining a specific volleyball skill as a score on a volleyball skill test is an example of:
an operational definition
For confidentiality, the researcher should
both of these statements are important
The type of sport a person participates in would be a
categorical variable
A double-blind experiment is one in which
neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment
The term that denotes using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own is called
plagiarism
Determinants of disease are often called
risk factors
A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age is an example of a
case-control study
Additional factors that can obscure the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called
confounding factors
In a research study in which the treatment involved intense physical training, 40% of the participants in the treatment group dropped out as compared with 5% of the control group. This threat to internal validity is called
experimental mortality (attrition)
"To what populations, settings, treatment variables, and measurement variables can this effect be generalized?" might most appropriately be asked in relation to
external validity
A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called
focus groups
A study design uses, for example, two groups of people representing a disease-free population who are then classified as exercisers and nonexercisers. After a period of time, the mortality rates of each group are compared. This design is called a(n)
prospective cohort study