Kinesiology
Knee External Rotators
Biceps Femoris TFL Lateral/posterior knee
Ligaments of the knee
ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL draw
Ankle syndesmotic ligaments
AITFL Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament PITFL high lateral ankle/fibula Draw
Ligaments of the lateral ankle
ATFL-retrains anterior talar translation CFL - taut inv add calcaneus relative to fibula PTFL
Posterior Pelvic Rotators
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus
rear or hindfoot joint
Subtalar Joint Frontal Plane/ Sagittal axis = Inversion/eversion Gliding Joint
Joint of tibia and fibula
Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint Proximal and distal
hip adductors origin
all coming from either superior or inferior rami of pubic bone; AM also comes from ischial ramus & ischial tuberosity; G also comes from symphysis pubis
Arches of the foot
medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
MTP joint
metatarsal phalangeal joint - between the metatarsal and proximal phalanges
Knee Internal Rotators
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus Medial/Posterior knee
DIP joint
Distal interphalangeal joint. The joint between the farthest and middle phalange of a given finger.
toe flexion agonists
Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus
knee flexors
Hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus) not needed: sartorius, gracilis, popliteus.
Which ligaments of the ankle prevent inversion and eversion stress?
Inversion: ATFL PTFL CFL Eversion: Deltoid
location of ligaments that prevent inversion
Lateral ankle
Location of ligaments that prevent Varus stress
Lateral knee
location of ligaments that prevent valgus stress
Medial Knee
hip adductors insertion
Pectineal line, linea aspera, adductor tubercle, and medial condyle of the tibia (gracilis) medial thigh
LE 2 Joint muscles
Rectus Femoris Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sartorius Gracilis Gastrocnemius plantaris
Anterior Pelvic rotators
Sartorius Rectus Femoris TFL Iliopsoas Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus
name for the hip joint
acetabulofemoral joint- flexion, extension (Sagittal Plane/ Frontal Axis) abduction, adduction (Frontal Plane/Sagittal Axis), circumduction, Internal/ external rotation (Transverse Plane/Vertical Axis) Multiaxial Enarthrodial Type joint
Hip Adductors
adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis Medial Thigh
Hip flexors
consists of the iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major/minor) sartorius pectineus rectus femoris muscles. TFL Tensor Fasciae Latae Anterior Thigh
ligament of medial ankle
deltoid ligament
toe extension agonists
extensor hallucis longus (Extension of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) extensor digitorum longus (Extension of the four lesser toes at the metatarsophalangeal and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints)
ankle plantar flexors
gastrocnemius, soleus, Flexor digitorum longus • Flexor hallucis longus • peroneus longus • peroneus brevis • Plantaris • Tibialis posterior Posterior compartment LE
Achilles tendon muscles
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris tendon
hip abduction muscles
gluteus Maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae Lateral thigh
Hip External Rotators
gluteus maximus 6 Deep External Rotators obturator internus obturator externus quadratus femoris piriformis gemellus superior gemellus inferior
IT band muscles
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae= iliotibial band
Hip Internal Rotators
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
PIP joint
proximal interphalangeal joint. the joint between the middle and closest phalange of a given finger
SI joint
sacroiliac joint - where sacrum meets pelvis
Pes Anserine Muscle Group
sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus. conjoined tendons (BURSA) of three muscles that insert onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. Prevents valgus stress
Knee Flexors (3 hamstrings)
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris Medial to lateral in order Posterior thigh
Gerdy's tubercle
small prominence on the anterior side of the lateral condyle of the tibia; insertion of the IT band
Name for ankle joint/ plane and axis/ movements
talocrural joint Sagittal plane/Frontal Axis dorsiflexion/plantarflexion ginglymus-type joint
ankle dorsiflexors
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius Anterior compartment LE
Tom, Dick and Harry
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus Posterior leg to medial malleous and sole of foot
Name for knee joint
tibiofemoral joint extension/Flexion (sagittal Plane/Frontal Axis), Internal/External Rotation (transverse plane/Vertical Axis) ginglymus joint
Knee Extensors (4 quad muscles)
vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, rectus femoris Anterior thigh
Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Eversion
• Fibularis (peroneus) longus • Fibularis (peroneus) brevis • Fibularis (peroneus) tertius • Extensor digitorum longus
hip extensors(hamstrings)
• Gluteus Maximus• Hamstrings- Biceps Femoris(Long Head) Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Posterior thigh
Transverse Tarsal & Subtalar Inversion
• Tibialis anterior • Tibialis posterior • Flexor digitorum longus • Flexor hallucis longus
