Kinesiology
The dorsal scapular nerve innervates which of the following? a. supraspinatus b. rhomboids c. serratus anterior d. pec minor
b. rhomboids
Abductor pollicis longus insertion
base of the first metacarpal
Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
musculocutaneous
Which nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
radial
T/F All of the quadriceps muscles are hip flexors
False
T/F During normal exercise, the antagonist passively limits the range of motion available to the agonist
False
T/F Frontal plane motions of the shoulder and wrist will be gravity eliminated with the subject in side-lying
False
T/F Muscles are less likely to respond to stimuli if stretched just prior to contraction
False
A pt needs to perform elbow ext strengthening ex: Which muscle group would be the agonist for the ext phase? a. elbow extensors b. wrist extensors c. elbow flexors d. shoulder extensors
a. elbow extensors
Active insufficiency is the result of: a. A muscle that has fully contracted the sarcomeres and is too short to shorten any shorter b. A muscle that has fully lengthened the sarcomeres and is too long to lengthen any longer c. A muscle that is too long to lengthen any shorter d. none of the above
a. A muscle that has fully contracted the sarcomeres and is too short to shorten any shorter
A pt needs to perform elbow ext strengthening ex: The above elbow ex would be considered: a. an open chain ex b. occurs in the frontal plane c. a and b d. none of the above
a. an open chain ex
Which of the following describes the wrist extensor muscles? a. commonly originate on the lateral epicondyle b. commonly originate on the medial epicondyle c. insert on the distal phalanges d. some muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve
a. commonly originate on the lateral epicondyle
Which ligament prevents the wrist flexors from bowstring during muscular contraction? a. flexor retinaculum b. medial collateral ligament c. lateral collateral ligament d. all of the above
a. flexor retinaculum
A pt is lying prone performing hip extension. Which muscle would be the prime mover for this exercise? a. gluteus maximus b. gluteus medius c. rectus femoris d. both a and b
a. gluteus maximus
Which of the following muscle(s) would be the antagonist to hip abduction? a. gracilis b. gluteus maximus c. rectus femoris d. short head of the biceps femoris
a. gracilis
You are working with a pt who suffered a denervation injury to the sciatic nerve. What would happen to active knee flexion? a. partial loss of knee flexion b. total loss of knee flexion c. I don't know my nerve innervation d. no answer text provided
a. partial loss of knee flexion
The function of the wrist collateral ligament is best described as: a. provides ant./post. joint support b. provides med./lat. joint support c. no answer text provided
b. provides med./lat. joint support
A pt is standing and performing glenohumeral flexion (0-180) Which muscle is responsible for the return to neutral position (180-0)? a. latissimus dorsi b. pectoralis minor c. anterior deltoid d. supraspinatus
c. anterior deltoid
A pt is standing and performing glenohumeral flexion (0-180) Which of the following muscles would be the prime mover for shoulder flexion? a. latissimus dorsi b. pectoralis minor c. anterior deltoid d. supraspinatus
c. anterior deltoid
Which structure lines the end of a bone and provides a smooth surface for a joint? a. capsule b. synovial membrane c. hyaline cartilage d. bursae e. fibrocartilage
c. hyaline cartilage
Which term best describes the area between the shaft and end of a bone? a. epiphysis b. epiphyseal plate c. metaphysis d. diaphysis
c. metaphysis
How would you change from the fundamental position to anatomical position? a. internally rotate the shoulder b. sit down c. supinate your forearms d. abduct the shoulder e. no change
c. supinate your forearms
To place the hip abductors in a gravity eliminated position, the patient should be placed in: a. side-lying on left side b. side-lying on right side c. supine d. standing
c. supine
Which of the following does not contribute to the structure of the acetabulum? a. pubis b. ilium c. ischium d. femoral head
d. femoral head
The shape of the scapula is classified as a. long bone b. short bone c. irregular bone d. flat bone e. irregular and flat bone
d. flat bone
Which of the following is a hip extensor muscle? a. iliopsoas b. rectus femoris c. sartorius d. gluteus maximus
d. gluteus maximus
Supination of the ankle and foot is a combination of which motions? a. plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction b. dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction c. no answer text provided
a. plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction
Limitations in active shoulder flexion and abduction may be due to an instability of the scapula to? a. rotate upwardly b. rotate downwardly c. tilt d. elevation
a. rotate upwardly
Finger flexion and extension occurs in what plane of motion according to the textbook? a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse
a. sagittal
What is the plane of motion for shoulder flexion while in the gravity eliminated position? a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse d. no answer text provided
a. sagittal
Which of the following is a prime mover for scapular upward rotation during shoulder flexion? a. serratus anterior b. rhomboids c. pectoralis major d. anterior deltoid
a. serratus anterior
Which of the following is not considered a rotator cuff muscle? a. teres major b. supraspinatus c. infraspinatus d. subscapularis e. teres minor
a. teres major
Turning on and off an outdoor water spicket (spigot) to water your flower garden requires forearm pronation and supinations. Which of the following apply to this motion? a. the radius rotates around the ulna b. has a frontal axis c. moves in the vertical plane
a. the radius rotates around the ulna
How many plans of motion occur at the true ankle joint? a. uniaxial b. biaxial c. no answer text provided
a. uniaxial
Which ligaments are commonly referred to as the deltoid ligament? Select all that apply a. tibionavicular ligament b. tibiocalcaneal ligament c. posterior tibiotalar ligament d. anterior tibiotalar ligament e. medial ligament
all of them
The shoulder joint is ______ to the sternum a. distal b. proximal c. medial d. lateral
d. lateral
How many nerves innervate muscles that contribute to hip adduction? a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
b. 3
Which of the following best describes a muscle contraction with the insertion moving in the direction of the origin? a. eccentric b. concentric c. co-contraction d. isometric
b. concentric
Which muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter? a. sartorius b. iliopsoas c. adductor magnus d. gluteus maximus
b. iliopsoas
A denervation injury to the musculocutaneous nerve would result in? a. complete loss of active elbow flexion b. partial loss of active elbow flexion c. no answer text provided
b. partial loss of active elbow flexion
T/F Planes and axes are perpendicular to one another by approximately 180 degrees
False
T/F Scapular elevation against gravity is best performed in a supine position
False
T/F The gravity eliminated position for the hip rotators is in a seated postion?
False
T/F The plane of motion for supination and pronation is the frontal plane
False
T/F Wrist flexion and extension occur in a frontal plane around a sagittal axis
False
Which nerve innervates the teres major?
(lower) subscapular
Little movement in a joint such as the symphysis pubis
Amphiarthrosis
Brachial plexus
C5-T1
T/F The action of the sartorius muscle is a combination of hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and knee flexion
True
T/F The adductor magnus is innervated by the obturator and sciatic nerves
True
T/F The elbow joint is described as a uniaxial joint
True
T/F Under certain conditions, lever arms can change if the location of resistance is moved
True
T/F A reverse muscle action is where the insertion moves in the direction of the origin
False
T/F 1st class lever arms are for stability, 2nd class lever arms are for speed and distance, 3rd class lever arms are for power
False
Flexor hallucis longus action
Flexes great toe, assistive in inversion and plantar flexion
Concentric, Eccentric, Isokinetic, Isotonic, or Isometric: Exercising at a constant speed
Isokinetic
Concentric, Eccentric, Isokinetic, Isotonic, or Isometric: Muscle contraction without joint movement
Isometric
Force causing movement
Kinetics
Joint without movement
Synarthrosis
Slight movement in a joint
Syndesmosis
T/F Joints may be classified by the number of planes and axes in which motion occurs
True
Vastus intermedialis origin
anterior femur
Mechanical principles of the human body
biomechanics
You have a client standing and performing shoulder flexion. Which of the following muscles are upward rotators of the scapula? Select all that apply a. levator scapula b. rhomboids c. serratus anterior d. upper traps e. middle traps
c and d
A force couple is when a. is the same as a reverse action b. only occurs with frontal plane motions c. 2 or more muscles work in different direction to achieve a motion d. none of these apply to a force couple
c. 2 or more muscles work in different direction to achieve a motion
Which lever arm is best for speed and distance when it comes to movement within the human body a. 1st class b. 2nd class c. 3rd class d. all three lever arms are equal for speed and distance
c. 3rd class
Freely moveable joint
diarthrosis
How do muscles get their names? a. location b. shape d. origin and insertion e. number of heads f. all of the above
f. all of the above
Flexor hallucis longus action
flexes the great toe, assistive in inversion and plantar flexion
Action of the rectus femoris
hip flexion & knee extension
Rectus femoris action
hip flexion & knee extension
Time, space, and mass of moving systems
kinematics
The study of movement
kinesiology
Gastrocnemius origin
medial and lateral condyles of femur
Which nerve innervates the palmaris longus?
median
What nerve innervates the fibularis longus?
superficial fibular nerve
Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal
Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
axillary nerve
Origin of the sartorius
ASIS
Concentric, Eccentric, Isokinetic, Isotonic, or Isometric: Muscle shortening during a contraction
Concentric
Concentric, Eccentric, Isokinetic, Isotonic, or Isometric: Muscle lengthening during a contraction
Eccentric
Concentric, Eccentric, Isokinetic, Isotonic, or Isometric: Movement through a ROM
Isotonic
T/F Synovial joints, such as the shoulder, decrease in stability as the amount of mobility increases
True
T/F The palmar fascia provides some muscle attachment in the hand
True
Which of the following apply to transverse plane motions? Select all that apply a. the common gravity eliminated position is standing b. the cervical spine cannot move in the transverse plane c. supination and pronation are examples of a transverse plane motion d. dorsiflexion/plantar flexion are examples of a transverse plane motion
a & c
Which of the following occur with an open chain movement? Select all that apply a. the tibia rotates laterally with knee extension b. the tibia rotates medially with knee extension c. the patella moves in a superior direction with knee extension d. the patella moves in an inferior direction with knee extension
a and c
Which of the following best describes the glenohumeral joint? Select all that apply a. has a high degree of mobility b. triaxial c. multiaxial d. joint stability is largely provided by ligament structures
a, b and c
Which of the following describes the hip joint? Select all that apply a. multiaxial b. ball and socket c. diarthrodial d. condyloid
a, b and c
Which of the following nerves innervate the sensory receptors of the hand? Select all that apply a. median b. radial c. ulnar d. musculocutaneous
a, b and c
Which of the following terms best describe the 2nd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) (index finger) joint? Select all that apply a. biaxial b. diarthrodial c. condyloid d. triaxial
a, b and c
A pt is performing shoulder abduction and adduction in a supine position. Which of the following are true for this motion and position? Select all that apply a. this position is gravity eliminated b. the middle deltoid is contracting concentrically during abduction c. the middle deltoid is contracting eccentrically during abduction d. the axillary nerve innervates the middle deltoid
a, b and d
Which of the following applies to the hip joint? a. multiaxial b. triaxial c. is a stable and mobile joint d. has a hard end feel on a healthy person e. is synovial
a, b, c, e
Select the correct terms to best describe the elbow joint a. hinge joint b. uniaxial c. biaxial d. diarthrotic e. synarthrotic
a, b, d
Which of the following motions are in a gravity eliminated position? Select all that apply a. shoulder flex while side-lying b. should abd. in prone c. elbow flex. in supine d. elbow flex. while side-lying e. knee flex. while side-lying
a, b, d, e
Which of the following describes the knee joint? Select all that apply a. modified hinge joint b. ball and socket c. diarthrodial d. synovial
a, c and d
You have a pt standing and performing R knee flex. (full ROM). Which of the following apply to this motion? Select all that apply a. knee flex is limited by active insufficiency b. the knee joint is triaxial c. the knee is a synovial joint d. the knee flexes and extends in the sagittal plane
a, c, d
The available amount of radial deviation is _______ the amount of ulnar deviation a. less than b. greater than c. equal to d. no answer text provided
a. less than
Which tendon of the biceps brachii passes through the bicipital groove of the humerus? a. long head b. short head c. flat head d. both a and b e. none of the above
a. long head
Which knee ligament limits a valgus motion of the tibia? a. medial collateral ligament b. lateral collateral ligament c. anterior cruciate ligament d. posterior cruciate ligament
a. medial collateral ligament
Body position used to determine plane and axis
anatomical position
You have been instructed by a therapist to teach a pt on w/c propulsion 1 wk post MVA. which factors are related to movement of the w/c and the joints of the body? a. the w/c moves in an angular motion while turning a corner b. the elbow joints move in an angular motion c. the plane of motion occurring at the elbow is in the frontal plane d. the forearms are in a fully supinated position while propelling the w/c e. the forearms are in a neutral position while propelling the w/c
b & e
You have been instructed by the therapist to teach a pt on w/c propulsion 1 wk post MVA. Which factors are related to movement of the w/c and the joints of the body? Select all that apply a. the w/c moves in an angular motion while turning a corner b. the elbow joints move in an angular motion c. the triceps are experiencing active insufficiency propelling the w/c d. the forearms in a fully supinated position while propelling the w/c e. the elbow extensors are the agonist while pushing forward on the w/c rims
b & e
Which of the following best describes the carpal joints? Select all that apply a. carpal bones move in an angular motion b. carpal bones move in a gliding motion c. carpal bones move in a linear motion d. carpal bones move around a fixed axis
b and c
Destruction of the axillary nerve would result in? Select all that apply a. total loss of shoulder external rotation b. partial loss of shoulder external rotation c. partial loss of shoulder internal rotation d. partial loss of shoulder flexion
b, c and d
Shoulder abduction, finger abduction, and hip abduction occur in what plane of motion and axes of rotation? a. Sagittal plane/frontal axis b. Frontal plane/sagittal axis c. Transverse plane/vertical axis d. Depends on the position of the extremity
b. Frontal plane/sagittal axis
Which of the following joints contains an articular disk of fibrocartilage? a. AC joint b. SC joint d. scapulothoracic joint e. all of the above
b. SC joint
The elbow joint moves in what type of motion? a. linear b. angular c. transverse plane d. both b and c
b. angular
You have a pt flex their shoulder in a supine position. What type of motion is occurring at the shoulder joint? a. curvilinear motion occurred b. angular motion occurred c. rectilinear motion occurred d. transverse plane motion occured
b. angular motion occurred
The wrist is _____ to the elbow a. proximal b. distal c. superior d. inferior
b. distal
You are stretching a pt's wrist flexors, they return to resting length after you are finished. The muscle was able to do this due to which tissue characteristic a. irritability b. elasticity c. extensibility d. contractility
b. elasticity
Thumb flexion/extension occurs in which plane of motion? a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse
b. frontal
Which muscles are the prime movers for ankle plantar flexion? a. tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus b. gastrocnemius and soleus c. extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior d. all of the above
b. gastrocnemius and soleus
Which of the following provides attachment for a majority of the rotator cuff muscles? a. supraglenoid tubercle b. greater tubercle c. lesser tubercle d. deltoid tuberosity
b. greater tubercle
Which of the following inserts or originates on the spine of the scapula? a. levator scapula b. middle trapezius c. serratus anterior d. a and b e. a, b, and c
b. middle trapezius
You are having a pt/client complete 10 reps of scapular protraction and retraction seated in a chair. What type of motion is occurring at the scapula? a. angular b. mostly a linear motion
b. mostly a linear motion
A pt you are working with had a denervation injury to the median nerve. What affect would this have on their wrist ROM? a. total loss of active wrist flexion b. weakness of active wrist flexion c. total loss of active wrist extension d. weakness of active wrist extension
b. weakness of active wrist flexion
When performing hip abduction in a standing position, using a 5lb cuff weight; which of the following best describes the muscle and contraction during hip abduction? a. eccentric, isotonic, hamstrings b. concentric, isometric, quadriceps c. concentric, isotonic, abductors d. concentric, isokinetic, adductors
c. concentric, isotonic, abductors
The best term to describe pain that radiates below the elbow is? a. proximal to the elbow b. deep to the elbow c. distal to the elbow d. superior to the elbow
c. distal to the elbow
A pt needs to perform elbow ext strengthening ex: Which group would be considered the agonist for this exercise? a. elbow extensors b. wrist extensors c. elbow flexors d. shoulder extensors
c. elbow flexors
A pt needs to perform elbow ext strengthening ex: Which muscle group would be the agonist for the return to start phase? a. elbow extensors b. wrist extensors c. elbow flexors d. shoulder extensors
c. elbow flexors
Which muscle inserts on the base of the distal phalanx of the 2nd through 5th fingers and extends all three joints of these fingers (DIP, PIP, and MCP)? a. extensor pollicis longus b. abductor pollicis brevis c. extensor digitorum d. palmaris longus
c. extensor digitorum
Which nerve innervates all knee extensor muscles? a. sciatic nerve b. tibial nerve c. femoral nerve d. obturator nerve
c. femoral nerve
What position would make elbow extension a gravity eliminated ex? a. prone b. supine c. side-lying d. standing e. all of the above
c. side-lying
Destruction of which nerve would result in the loss of active finger extension (think only extrinsic muscles)? a. ulnar b. median c. radial
c. radial
Which of the following is considered a 2 joint muscle? a. adductor brevis b. short head of the biceps femoris c. rectus femoris d. vastus intermedialis
c. rectus femoris
A pt is lying prone performing knee flex. What plane is this occurring in? a. coronal b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse e. cardinal
c. sagittal
You instruct your pt to perform finger flexion with the palm of the hand flat on a table. What is the plane of motion? a. midsagittal b. frontal c. sagittal d. transverse e. cardinal
c. sagittal
The best gravity eliminated position for hip flexion and extension is? a. anatomical position b. fundamental position c. side-lying d. supine
c. side-lying
Levator scapula origin
cervical vertebrae
What nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femors?
common fibular nerve
Pectoralis minor
coracoid process
Which knee extensor muscle(s) has/have an origin on the linea aspera? a. vastus lateralis b. vastus medialis c. long head of the biceps femoris d. a and b e. a, b and c
d. a and b
Which of the following are a function of the interosseous membrane? a. prevents the radius and ulna from separating b. provides attachment for muscles c. attaches the humerus to the scapula d. a and b e a, b, and c
d. a and b
Which of the following are elbow flexors? a. biceps brachii b. brachialis c. brachioradialis d. a and b e. a, b and c
d. a and b
A pt needs to perform elbow ext strengthening ex: As the pt tires, you may have to assist them a. to begin the ex b. through the middle of the ROM c. to finish the rep d. a and c
d. a and c
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system a. protection for vital organs b. allows for muscle attachment c. storage of mineral salts d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Loss of cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory nerve) would result in which of the following? a. complete loss of scapular retraction b. partial loss of scapular retraction c. complete loss of scapular upward rotation d. b and c
d. b and c
The radial nerve innervates which of the following muscle groups? a. all elbow flexors b. all elbow extensors c. all wrist extensors d. b and c e. a, b and c
d. b and c
Which of the following does not function in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint? a. the capsule b. the labrum c. rotator cuff muscles d. bursae
d. bursae
All of the following ligaments are found at the SC joint except? a. sternoclavicular b. costoclavicular c. interclavicular d. coracoacromial
d. coracoacromial
A pt needs to perform elbow ext strengthening ex: What position would you place the pt in to complete 1 set of elbow ext ex against gravity (concentric then eccentric), followed by the return to starting position (remember, you want full range of motion when possible) a. supine b. sitting with arm at side c. side-lying with arm at side d. prone; shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, humerus supported on table, forearm hanging off the edge of the table
d. prone; shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, humerus supported on table, forearm hanging off the edge of the table
Which of the following would be the best gravity eliminated position for shoulder flexion? a. supine b. prone c. standing d. side-lying
d. side-lying
Flexor digitorum profundus insertion
distal phalanx of the 4 fingers
Flexor pollicis longus insertion
distal phalanx of the thumb
Which of the following are prime movers for knee flexion? a. biceps femoris b. rectus femoris c. gastrocnemius d. a and b e. a and c
e. a and c
A pt is performing concentric elbow flexion starting in the anatomical position; which of the following are true a. the distance between the origin and insertion is decreasing b. the elbow flexors are against gravity c. the antagonist is becoming shorter d. a and b e. a, b, and c
e. a, b, and c
The true elbow joint allows for flexion and extension. Which of the following would describe the elbow joint a. synovial b. hinge c. uniaxial d. a and b e. a, b, and c
e. a, b, and c
The true elbow joint allows for flexion and extension. Which of the following would describe the elbow joint? a. synovial b. hinge c. uniaxial d. a and b e. a, b, and c
e. a, b, and c
Muscles are named for? a. action performed b. fiber shape c. origin and insertion d. anatomical location e. all of the above
e. all of the above
Which of the following are/is the antagonist(s) to wrist extension? a. extensor carpi radialis longus b. extensor carpi ulnaris c. flexor carpi ulnaris d. flexor carpi radialis e. both c and d
e. both c and d
Which quadricep muscle(s) originate(s) on the linea aspera? a. rectus femoris b. vastus intermedialis c. vastus lateralis d. vastus medialis e. both c and d
e. both c and d
Which of the following are/is the prime mover(s) for radial deviation? a. flexor carpi ulnaris b. extensor carpi ulnaris c.. flexor carpi radialis d. extensor carpi radialis longus e. c and d
e. c and d
Tibialis posterior origin
interosseous membrane and adjacent tibia and fibula
Semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
Gastrocnemius action
knee flexion & plantar flexion
flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
middle phalanx of the 4 fingers
Upper traps origin
occipital bone
Responsible for vision
occipital lobe
Origin of the gluteus maximus
posterior sacrum and ilium
Tibialis anterior action
prime mover for ankle dorsiflexion
The semitendinosus is innervated by which nerve?
sciatic nerve
Middle trapezius insertion
spine of scapula
The gluteus medius is innervated by which nerve?
superior gluteal nerve
Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?
ulnar
