Kinesiology - Chapter 5
List the two muscles of the shoulder joint that are considered to be extrinsic.
1. The latissimus dorsi muscle 2. The pectoralis major muscle
Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid muscles? 1. Abduction and horizontal abduction 2. Adduction and horizontal adduction 3. Extension 4. Flexion
Abduction and horizontal abduction
Which of the following is considered to be an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle? 1. The coracobrachialis muscle 2. The deltoid muscle 3. The latissimus dorsi muscle 4. The teres major muscle
The latissimus dorsi muscle
Which of the following is the broadest muscle of the back and is sometimes referred to as the swimmer's muscle? 1. The deltoid muscle 2. The latissimus dorsi muscle 3. The pectoralis major muscle 4. The trapezius muscle
The latissimus dorsi muscle
Which of the following is not a factor that contributes to the injury rate of the glenohumeral joint? 1. Lack of strength and endurance in the muscles 2. Laxity of the ligamentous structures 3. Shallowness of glenoid fossa 4. Tight configuration of ligaments
Tight configuration of ligaments
Glenohumeral joint abduction is paired with the shoulder girdle upward rotation to accomplish the total shoulder abduction range of motion.
True
The origin of the deltoid muscle includes the anterior lateral third of the clavicle and the lateral aspect of the acromion.
True
The origin of the pectoralis major lower fibers is the anterior surface of the costal cartilages of the first six ribs, and adjoining portion of the sternum.
True
The rotator cuff group includes the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles.
True
A concentric action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is _______. 1. abduction 2. extension 3. external rotation 4. flexion
extension
An action common to the teres minor and the infraspinatus muscles is _______. 1. abduction 2. adduction 3. external rotation 4. internal rotation
external rotation
An action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis and pectoralis major muscles is _______. 1. abduction 2. adduction 3. extension 4. internal rotation
internal rotation
The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts on the: 1. back of the sacrum 2. medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus 3. posterior crest of the ilium 4. spinous processes of the lumbar and lower six thoracic vertebrae
medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Stabilization of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa is a primary action of the _______. 1. coracobrachialis muscle 2. latissimus dorsi muscle 3. teres major muscle 4. subscapularis muscle
subscapularis muscle
Which of the following is a concentric action of the latissimus dorsi muscle? 1. Extension 2. External rotation 3. Internal rotation 4. Both internal rotation and extension
Both internal rotation and extension
Which of the following is a primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle? 1. Extension of the glenohumeral joint 2. External rotation of the glenohumeral joint 3. Flexion of the glenohumeral joint 4. Horizontal adduction of the glenohumeral joint
Extension of the glenohumeral joint
Which of the following is not an action of the pectoralis major muscle? 1. Abduction 2. External rotation 3. Flexion 4. Internal rotation
External rotation
The shoulder joint agonists that are associated with diagonal adduction are the posterior deltoid, the infraspinatus, and the teres minor muscles.
False
The stability of the glenohumeral joint is enhanced by its significant mobility.
False
The insertion of the deltoid muscle is on the humeral tuberosity on the lateral humerus.
False - deltoid tuberosity on the lateral humerus
The sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
False - medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
The insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle is on the coracoid process of the scapula.
False - middle of the medial border of the humeral shaft
Posterior dislocations occur frequently at the glenohumeral joint.
False - posterior dislocations are fairly rare... anterior or anterioinferior dislocations are quite common
The origin of the pectoralis major muscle is the coracoid process of the scapula.
False: Upper fibers - medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle Lower fibers - anterior surface of the costal cartilages of the first six ribs, and adjacent portion of the sternum
Which of the following statements is true about the shoulder joint? 1. It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial and has three degrees of freedom. 2. Its movement is restricted to the sagittal plane and frontal plane with two degrees of freedom. 3. Its anatomical design helps in avoiding frequent injuries. 4. It can rotate both internally and externally, but not circumduct.
It is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint classified as enarthrodial and has three degrees of freedom.
A significant part of the anterior axillary wall is made up by the _______. 1. Latissimus dorsi 2. Pectoralis major 3. Pectoralis minor 4. Teres major
Pectoralis major
In reaching straight across the front of the body at shoulder level to touch the anterior aspect of the contralateral with the fingers, which of the following muscles must work together? 1. Anterior deltoid, upper pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, levator scapulae, serratus anterior, upper and middle, trapezius, rhomboids 2. Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major, subscapularis, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor 3. Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor 4. Supraspinatus, deltoid, upper pectoralis major, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor
Which of the following is not an intrinsic glenohumeral muscle? 1. The coracobrachialis muscle 2. The deltoid muscle 3. The pectoralis major muscle 4. The teres major muscle
The pectoralis major muscle
Which of the following is not an anterior muscle of the shoulder joint? 1. The coracobrachialis muscle 2. The pectoralis major muscle 3. The subscapularis muscle 4. The supraspinatus muscle
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is the most likely to be involved in impingement syndrome? 1. The infraspinatus muscle 2. The subscapularis muscle 3. The supraspinatus muscle 4. The teres minor muscle
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is the most often injured rotator cuff muscle? 1. The subscapularis muscle 2. The infraspinatus muscle 3. The supraspinatus muscle 4. The teres minor muscle
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following muscles of the shoulder joint is located on the posterior surface of the scapula? 1. The coracobrachialis muscle 2. The pectoralis major muscle 3. The subscapularis muscle 4. The supraspinatus muscle
The supraspinatus muscle
Which of the following is not considered to be a muscle in the rotator cuff group? 1. The infraspinatus muscle 2. The subscapularis muscle 3. The teres major muscle 4. The teres minor muscle
The teres major muscle
Which of the following muscles works effectively with the latissimus dorsi in most of its concentric action and is said to be the latissimus dorsi's "little helper"? 1. The coracobrachialis muscle 2. The deltoid muscle 3. The pectoralis major muscle 4. The teres major muscle
The teres major muscle
Explain how the glenohumeral joint remains stable during movement. Provide information about specific muscles and ligaments to support your answer.
They remain stable by the ligaments that are holding them. The main ligaments that keep the glenohumeral join stable are the glenohumeral ligament and the coracohumeral ligament.
In the context of shoulder joint movements, abduction refers to an upward lateral movement of the humerus in the frontal plane out to the side, away from the body.
True
The action performed by the subscapularis muscle is opposite to the action performed by the infraspinatus muscle.
True
The clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle is innervated by the lateral pectoral nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
True
The coracobrachialis muscle is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve arising from C5, C6, and C7.
True
The deltoid anterior fibers are concentrically responsible for internal rotation and the deltoid posterior fibers are responsible for external rotation of the glenohumeral joint.
True
The deltoid muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
The glenoid labrum enhances stability of the glenohumeral joint.
True
The infraspinatus muscle is innervated by the suprascapular nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
The insertion of the pectoralis major muscle is on the flat tendon 2 or 3 inches wide to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
True
The origin of the pectoralis major upper fibers is the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle.
True
The shoulder joint agonists that perform flexion are the anterior deltoid, the upper pectoralis major, and the coracobrachialis muscles.
True
The supraspinatus muscle holds the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa.
True
The teres minor muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve arising from C5 and C6.
True
Explain GIRD as to the problem with it and what should be done to correct it.
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, or GIRD, represents a difference in internal rotation range of motion between an individual's throwing and non-throwing shoulders. Studies have demonstrated that overhead athletes who had a GIRD of greater than 20% had a higher risk of injury than those who did not. Appropriate stretching exercises may be used to regain the amount of internal rotation necessary to improve performance and reduce the likelihood of injury.
A concentric action common to the latissimus dorsi, teres major and lower pectoralis major muscles is _______. 1. abduction 2. adduction 3. external rotation 4. flexion
adduction