Korean Popular Culture Midterm
Korean Youth Culture (1970s)
"Baby boomers" born after the Korean War (1950-1953) ((American baby boomers born after WWII (1945))) • Exposed to Western-influenced culture and lifestyles & Korean industrialization and urbanization **rebellious counterculture
Shin Joong Hyun Background and Legacy
"Godfather of Korean Rock n Roll" (1938) -Listened to American pop/rock music through AFKN (American Forces Korea Network) -Self study guitar -Hired as guitarist by a live music club in the eighth U.S. army base through audition in 1957 -created 1963 rock band Add4 and different bands later -Promotion of many other following musicians as as composer and producer -established himself as reputable "music label" Song-"The Beauty" ranked no1 on Korean music charts
H.O.T.
"H'ighfive "O'f" "T'eenagers" -First idol boy band produced and promoted by SM entertainment in 1996 -Five boy members -Hip hop styled music, rap-dance music Hip hop inspired rebellious but righteous boys vs. sweet boy friends "We Hate all Kinds of Violence" 전서의 후예 (1996) Issue of school violence "Candy" (1996) Boy's confession of love to girl Disbanded in 2001 Reunion in 2018
Seo Taiji-"Kyosil Idea"
"Metal rap" song "I think rap and metal have a lot in common and ultimately aim at the same thing-expressing strong messages" (previously was member of sinawi-heavy metal group) (Classroom Ideology, 1994) -criticism of Korean educational system and social structure "i had been so deeply hurt and unsatisfied about school- i particularly hated the way that so many people wasted their lives just in order to enter university" **prior no singer dared criticizesocial institutions so powerfully ** inspired by the Beastie Boys, Rage Against the Machine, and Cypress Hill --recorded in los angeles and mixed in vancouvers by local engineers "you have to learn what you want-school forces us to follow the same way and pursue the same goal. in this dark closed classroom your future is becoming more and more narrow"
K-Hip Hop 2010s
"Show me the Money" (popular since 2012) • K-pop musicians adopting or pursuing hip-hop (e.g. Big Bang, BTS, ZICO of Block B, Bobby and BI of iKon, Song Minho of Winner, etc.) • Diss influenced by Kendrick Lamar's "Control" and other rappers' responses • Personal attacks against other rappers (looks, bodies, or personal matters) • Unfair contract with labels • Economic difficulty • Swaggering (showing off rapping skills) • Self-mockery about the Korean hip-hop scene • Misogynistic lyrics and music videos • Defaming women • Sexual objectification Epik High-Fly Zico-Tough Cookie (banned from music shows)
3 Characteristics of Korean Youth Culture (70s)
"Tong-pulsaeng" 1.Tong-guitar (acoustic guitar)-learned how to play to follow their favorite folk singers -listened to favorite singer's live performances at music halls *C'est Si Bon in Myeongdong 2. Pulluchin-blue jeans 3. Saeng maekju-draft beer •Listened to their favorite singers' live performances of folksongs at
The Beatles
"greatest rock band in pop music history" -inspired by Buddy Holly & The Crickets Cover of American rock 'n' roll songs (Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and Buddy Holly) disbanded in 1970
Shinminyo 신민요
"new folk song" -early 20th 신-new 민요-folk song Arranged version of the existing traditional folk songs for public concerts at the modern theatres • Folk song-styled new composition using the Western scale (heptatonic scale) and Western musical instruments --composed with Korean pentatonic mode with functional harmony • Distribution through phonograph (vinyl) ex) 1934 "Holding Flowers" 1939- Nose Bag Arirang **following Korean War folk songs became marginalized --but people brought it from country to city
Yuhaengga 유행가
"popular song" - early 20th (more popular than shinminyo after mid 1920s) 유행 -popular, trend 가 -song remake of western/japanese music **New composition using Western/Japanese scales (heptatonic or pentatonic scales) and Western instrument (allowed audience to distinguish them from other musical styles) -reflected Japan, imperialism, Westernization • Circulation through phonograph (vinyl) ex) 1926 Praising Death ex) 1939 Italian Garden ex) 1938 He is a Street Singer ex) 1939 Blue Dream in Cafe ex) 1932 Hwangseong Ruins ex) 1934 Single Man and Woman ex) 1936 Song for the Marathon Champion ex) 1938 Pinched for Puppy love **Korea emancipated from Japanese rule in 1945
Chuck Barry
(1926-2017) R&B originated African American rock and roll singer/songwriter rock n roll fused with R&B Specializing in electronic guitar-dances and plays guitar song-Johnny B. Goode (1958)
Little Richard
(1932- R&B-based African American rock 'n' roll musician • Spectacular show • Influence on later musicians, including the Beatles song- "Long Tall Sally" (1956)
Elvis Presley
(1935-1977) born Tupelo, Mississippi moved to- Memphis, Tennessee Country-originated White rock n roll musician 1st Rock n Roll "Idol" star selected by Sam Phillips (owner of Sun Records 1954) to record R&B/country covers to target black and white audience appeared in movies and tv shows
Buddy Holly
(1936-1969) Country-originated white rock n' roll singer and guitarist band-The Crickets later inspired The Beatles song-That'll Be the Day (1957)
Mountain Echo 산울림
(1970s-80s) 3 brothers from a campus band (later became mainstream band) • Their own composition • "Already" (1977) https://youtu.be/-OgHlSIs0ns (벌써 -popular comedic term)
Black Butterfly 검은나비
(1970s-80s) Consisting of band masters from different rock bands • Saxophone, oboe, and keyboard added • "That Girl" (1974) https://youtu.be/KauKGoSYwh8 (Cover of American funk band The War's "Me and Baby Brother")
Love and Peace 사랑과 평화
(1970s-80s) Fusion of African American genres (soul and funk) and Western classical music • "It's Been a While" (1978) https://youtu.be/EnKLBROxoUg
Peregrine Falcon 송골매
(1970s-80s) Members from 2 different campus bands • Young star - idol star in the 1980s • Members starred in movies the same titled as their song titles • "I Met You by Chance" (1982) https://youtu.be/vXdRs4EIH6o
Ancient Joson
(2333 B.C. -108 B.C.) first ancient kingdom unifying tribes in korean peninsula and small part of modern day China
Goryeo Dynasty
(918-1392): the origin of the term "Korea"
Rise of Sinsedae
(Situations before/around Taiji Boys Syndrome): "new generation" -Born in early and mid 1970s in middle class and urban youth by early 1990s -Different mindset from older generation in "values, lifestyles and mindset" b/c of growing up in "economic prosperity" -American tv shows, popular music, food, and fashion through media -Major consumers of popular cultural products symbolizing their own identity -more focus on individualism (over confucianism) -Less experience of political conflicts and economic difficulties
Educational Enthusiasm/Reform Period
(Situations before/around Taiji Boys Syndrome): Korea's unique national identity was redefined by class distinctions based on educational background and achievement. -Excessive Educational enthusiasm Parental belief -higher education to secure higher social status Increase private education market Students under pressure -punishment at school and discrimination by their academic performance. (physical punishment ect) -Democratization and the changing educational system during Pres. Young Sam Kim administration (1993-1998) Reduction in physical punishment to students Multiple applications to colleges But students still stressed by college entrance exams
Urban Folk
(in development since early rock n roll era of 50s) Youth culture of the 1960s -Baby boomers interested in culture and politics upon college entrance -anti-war and civil rights movements -political and social messages -Disdain for 1960s rock and roll-seen as non serious entertainment -Poetic lyrics expressed social and political consciousness
Pansori 판소리
(late 19th century Joseon) 판: field, site, space, gathering place 소리: sound, singing Traditional story Telling Genre-One singer accompanied by drummer (북-drum) (소리-vocalist) (아니라-narration) (발림-gesture) audience responses: 얼쑤 "eolssu, 얼씨구 "eolssigu 지화자 "jihwajaa 좋다 "jota 추임새 chuimsae https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfGT-mN6ngw&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pxSxJYX6nM&feature=youtu.be
Rap Dance Music:
* hip-hop-inspired music -Deux, "Turn Around and Look at Me" (나를 돌아봐, 1993) https://youtu.be/nrNx1NuDAGs -Clon-"Kung ddari Sha Bah Rah" 콩따기 샤바라 (1996) Gained huge popularity outside of Korea too First gen of korean wave -JYP-"She was Pretty" 그녀는 예뻤다 (1997) Inspired by black funk music
Palgwan-hoe 팔관 회
**Buddhism: Goguryeo, Silla, Baekje ritual to pray to God for peace in dynasty as a national festival (practiced by public and palace)
Online Communities for Black Music Fans
-CDs and videos from the U.S. • MTV and music videos on satellite televisions • Rebellious music to manifest Identity and address social issues • Sharing information about American hip-hop • Discussion on and creation of Korean hip-hop • Appealed mostly to Middle/upper class males in their teens and twenties
1990s Music Industry
-Development of Labels A&R (artists and repertoire) Training, producing, and promoting -New technology for creating/producing Compact disc Digital technology in composing and arranging (MIDI, sampler, PC) -"Star System" targeting sinsedae audience Popular musicians as entertainers, actors/actresses, emcees, and CF models -Dance music as the mainstream genre Dance music groups Basis for K-pop music style
Performance and Popular Music Purification Campaign (1975)
-Implemented by Korean government -Censored all types of music -mainly focused on folk and rock -Stigmatized rock and roll, and folk songs as decadent music (musicians smoking marijuana) -Regulated, restricted, and suppressed these genres **post 1975 lead to division of types of folk between "대학가요"-collegiate popular song "민정가요" -people's song/protest song
Situations before/around Taiji Boys Syndrome
-Period of Rapid economic growth: Hyundai Motors and Samsung electronics -"Political repression" during military dictatorship by Chung hee Park and Doo Hwan Chun (1961-1987) protest met with military and political suppression -Democratic changes -pres. Tae-Woo Roh administration (1988-1993) 1988 Seoul Olympics Seoul Arts Center -Liberalization of the whole nation's world travel (not just diplomats and students)
Beginning of KOREAN rock n roll
1964 2 bands: "Key Boys" and "Add4" Korean bands worked at live clubs in the US Military Bases in Korea: Release their albums featuring in rock 'n' roll songs and introduced the U.S.-originated new popular music genre, rock 'n' roll to Korean audience members. • Clubs in the US Military Bases in Korea: channel through which Korean musicians learned and experienced American popular music genres (jazz, blues, rock 'n' roll, soul, funk...) US musicians couldn't tour in Korea, Korean musician were recruited and trained in American popular music
Min-ki Kim's "Sangnoksu" (Evergreen Tree)
1979 Song of empowerment for people who went through economic crisis --"Asian Financial Crisis" (collapse of big conglomerates and small business Government used to empower people -Song for public advertisement using the scene Korean LPGA player Seri Park triumph (1998) https://youtu.be/tMkjyQM-WN4 • Campaign song for the late Mu- hyun Roh's (the 16th President of Korean) presidential campaign in 2002 https://youtu.be/bPkwANAbbNE • National-ish or nationalistic music -activist's yearning for democracy
Tulgukhwa (Wild Chrysanthemum) 들국화
1985 ragtag group of musicians (coming from all diff. backgrounds/orientations) "underground rock" record success due to relentless live concert tour nationwide -stayed on road for 6 months gained significant popularity without mass media exposure --displayed the depth/breadth of bohemian underground 80s songs- "Haengjin" (Marching) & 그것만이 내 세상 -(That's my Whole World" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJtvvsKWo2E&feature=youtu.be broke up 2 yrs after debut (internal rifts)
Seo Taiji and Boys- Come Back Home
1995 introduced korea to gangsta rap with this (sequel to kyosil idea) encourages runaway kids to return home -those who suffered from oppressive educational system and parental pressures- convinces them through rap to not give up on society -focus on marginalized youth (not typical themes of gangs rap) instead of running away and suffering hardships of streets-come back and get a future m/v set in abandoned building and inner city street corners
Trot and Ballad
2 most popular genres of Korean Mainstream music trot-from "foxtrot" term circulated widely during Korean War (1950-1953) Stigmatized as Japanese style music due to five-note-scale (pentatonic scale, * la-ti-do-mi-fa) - prohibited in the 1960s ballad-french ballare-ballet prevalent in 1960s Korea -used to describe songs that contrasted the faster-paced songs
The Add4
4-member male band Formed by Joon Hyun Shin (first band he organized/ also played guitar Worked in the seventh and eight US army base Composed their own music "The Women in Rain" (1964) -Korea's first rock single https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALDoWCcpa7k&feature=youtu.be
Trot Composition
5-note scale not recognized as a genre until 1950s but existed before then
Ballad Composition
7-note scale intro verse, chorus interlude, chorus bridge begins slowly-builds to climax -quiet closing
1990s Minjung Gayo
90s college freshmen learned minjung gayo with dance moves during their orientation Distributed through pirate tapes and songbooks MInjung gayo choirs at colleges: Meari (Echo)-Seoul National University Hansori (one sound) -Ewha Saebyeok (Dawn) Popular groups: Nochassa (people searching for songs) Norae Maeul (song village)
"Korean Black Music" (Timeline)
Adopting styles/genres of African American music and localizing it to Korea U.S. army took residence in Korea 1940s (following liberation) -started with rock n roll -1960s -"soul" & "funk" -shook korean music scene eradicated by gov lead "hemp scandal" -1980s fusion jazz and blues popular in korea -1990s hip hop/rap-shakes the industry first genre that constructed and appropriated both culturally and musically -complete cultural package (fashion, graffiti, breakdance)
Rock n Roll
American 1950s -one of most influential pop genres (U.S. and worldwide) Fusion of African American genres: Blues, Rhythm & Blues White American genres: Country, Honky-Tonk, Bluegrass term coined by radio DJ Alan Freed (1950s) to refer to popular music with white youth audience
Rock n Roll -African American influence
Blues- Bessie Smith - St Louis Blues (1929) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpVCqXRlXx4&feature=youtu.be Rhythm and Blues- GI Jive - Louis Jordan and His Typany Five https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyCHsUgOWi8&feature=youtu.be
Rock n Roll - White influence
Country - The Sons of the Pioneers- Cool Water ( 1947) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amDo-KqUjpA&feature=youtu.be Honky-Tonk The Wild Side of Life- Hank Thompson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2e9gZ9fyoZg&feature=youtu.be Bluegrass- Its Mighty Dark to Travel - Bill Monroe with Jim and Jesse https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jQMIhIP2uM&feature=youtu.be
Shin Joong Hyun Success and "MIIN"
Crossed over the barriers between mainstream and subculture used rock music with elements of dance music during a time when commercial broadcasting favored AKPM style (American Styled Koreanpop Music) ballad-like his music was good for dancing and also listening/singing for common audience --he accepted the singing convention of Korean pentatonic music (romantic lyricism, syncopated rhythm, slow tempo) 1960s=tension with AKPM music and traditional Korean pentatonic folk music ....so Shin used folksong material in his music (emphasis on melodic progression) song "Miin"-stuck strictly to Korean pentatonic mode and pitch syntax or Korean folk and emphasized melodic line to articulate Koreanness (combined rock and Korean folksong) -progressive and rebellious **later banned by government in 1975 He was arrested by military regime for use of marijuana 1975
Trot-"Common People's Culture"
Current definition: "fun, upbeat music that evokes nostalgia in middle-aged people" 1930s • Appearing as a new style and a subgenre of Yuhaengga (popular songs) in Korea (the Japanese Colonial Era) 1945 young people prefer Yuhaengga 1950s/60s, listeners including "factory workers" 1980s adult members enjoying music at night clubs mid-2000s expansion of consumers to include teenagers and young audience members in their twenties (not as the major audience) Change of listeners' conception of trot • New music style - "indigenous music" - "lowbrow, countrified music" - entertaining music
(Highway Star/Mask Dalho(2007)) Where did Dalho meet the owner (producer) of the trot label for the first time?
Dalho met Mr. Jang while he was rehearsing his own rock sound after hours "that rich yet delicate sound". Approaches them while they're eating "Big Sound Entertainment" Business card
Seo Taiji and Boys
Debut 1992 • Three members • Taiji Seo (leader, former bassist of heavy metal band Sinawi) • Hyun-suk Yang (former dancer, * current founder and CEO of YGEntertainment) • Juno Lee (former dancer) • "Dance-oriented music" "rap" debut song "Nan arayo" (I know, 1992) https://youtu.be/JKK0UEu4Q5g • Adaptation of African American pop culture (rap, break dancing, and fashion) and localization of the culture • Rap-dance music with break dancing as the mainstream pop in Korea since Taiji Boys
Hip Hop in Korea in the 1990s
Fashion, dance, and musical style regardless of original culture and social contexts of American Hip hop Popular music screening system banned the import of original "gangster rap" Idol groups appropriated hip hop for just fashion rapping=musical decoration B-boy dancing Became younger generation's new trend
Key Boys
First Rock n Roll album in Korea 5 member male band Worked in eight US army base Promoted themselves as the "Korean Beatles" (did covers in Korean) "Her Lip is Sweet" (1964) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ma905DkuV18&feature=youtu.be
Minyo 민요
Late 19th century Joseon 민-the people 요- song Folk songs orally transmitted by the common people • Labor songs, play songs, and ritual songs • Arirang: the worldwide famous Korean "national" folk song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOrBwdHJ4qo&feature=youtu.be
Jin Young Hyun
Major Korean Hip Hop Pioneers: Experience of Black music (soul, funk, R&B, and hip-hop) from a U.S. Army Base where father worked as a musician • Rapping and sampling techniques • "Sad Mannequin" (슬픈 마네킹, 1990) - "the first Korean hip-hop song" (Yang 2017: 101) https://youtu.be/hQcsCW1ITd4
Deux
Major Korean Hip Hop Pioneers: rap duo "rap-dance" -vocal melodies, dance music with rapping Blending fusion jazz, funk, and techno into hip-hop • Hip-hop not only as a new musical genre but also as a cultural complex where music, dance, and fashion are incorporated "Force Deux" (1995)-considered one of best among Korean hip hop albums -practiced rhyming and exhibited rap skills in each album -Deux, "Turn Around and Look at Me" (나를 돌아봐, 1993) https://youtu.be/nrNx1NuDAGs • "BreakofftheYoke"(굴레를벗어 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7-cr40wfBU&feature=youtu.be
Minjung Gayo- "Marching for our Beloved"
Minjung gayo during the candlelight movement (2016) for impeachment of former president Geun-hye Park (1981) -marching style song
Literati
Music Culture of Joseon Dynasty: poetry, painting, calligraphy and music
Taiji Boys Syndrome
Music was not just simple adoptions or style imitations -but efficient localization selectively redefined for needs/sensibilities of korean youth. Genres range/experimentation from confrontation to supplication Cultural icon with direct relevance to korea Shifted mainstream korean pop from slow, sentimental ballad songs to dance-oriented songs with increased visual focus • The new generation's (teenagers') idol • Worshiped as heroes "Balhaereul Kkumggumeyo" (Dreaming of the Balhea Kingdom, 1994) 발해를 꿈꾸며 Disbandment of Jan 31, 1996 -fans hysterical response (은퇴뉴스)
Elvis Presley covers
Mystery Train (1955) (original Junior Park) Hound Dog (1956) (original by Big Mama Thornton
Was Rock n Roll the first genre to appeal to teenage audience members?
No, big band music (swing) also appealed to the young generation
Was Rock n Roll a totally new music genre?
No, it was a fusion of the existing Blues, R&B, Country, Honky-Tonk, Bluegrass, etc.
Was Rock n Roll the first genre to combine African American music and white American music?
No, jazz already fused African American and white American music genres
Folk Music
Orally transmitted culture Began as a form of "pop" music -post war culture (post Korean war) -Embodies community's experiences, interests, and folklore Influenced greatly by modern Western music Arguably the first "implanted" component of communal culture by music fans in Korea Important symbol of youth culture (early 1970s) Accumulated in churches and Christian centers
(Highway Star/Mask Dalho(2007)) How were Dalho visually stylized as a trot singer?
Polished hair-slicked haircut. Bowtie tacky patterns-"stage costume" very colorful, bright, busy jackets. Traditional cut.
Jongmyo Jeryeak (종뮤 졔례)
Popular music/high culture of Joseon Dynasty Ritual music to celebrate ancestors and late kings of Joseon Dynasty. Praised their achievements at a Royal Ancestral Shrine (Jongmyo Shrine) https://youtu.be/D-1-4eLjzhE
Munmyo Jeryeak 문묘 졔례
Popular music/high culture of Joseon Dynasty- confucianism Ritual music to celebrate Confucius at the Confucius Shrine (imported/inherited from China). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCGgHLFOMqU&feature=youtu.be
Korean Youth Culture & Rock n Roll (1960-70s)
Rock n Roll represented Korean youth culture (reached popularity peak in mid 1970s) -Live music clubs where korean rock bands performed -Outdoor rock festivals held by korean rock bands -Dance halls -Rock band competition **Korean government regulated rock and roll because it was "decadent music" Rock came during Korea's period of rapid economic growth-rise in consumer culture
Korean Folk Music (1980s)
Starting as adapted songs of American urban folk and European ballads from the 1960s • Related to Korean youth (collegiate) culture • Not as political as American urban folk but music for social criticism • Development by singer-songwriters (fusing American folk and Korean folkloric songs) -Musical experiment with various subgenres of pop music (blues, jazz, new age, folkloric songs, rock n roll) -Popularity through concerts and albums in the mid-1980s
Zo PD
Studying in the U.S.-studied popular music -first distributed his music as free Mp3 files • "Fever" (1999): feeling and atmosphere at the party https://youtu.be/nLgrX3iU8wQ
K-Pop Idol "Trot-Style"
Super Junior T, "Rokkugo" (2007) https://youtu.be/K2CNJiAq_cY • Daesung of Big Bang, "Look at Me, Gwisun" (2008) https://youtu.be/M0Im3kjbmyk • Orange Caramel, "Shanghai Romance" (2011) https://youtu.be/jxxoq7uqnbU • Heechul Kim & Jungmo Kim (of Trax), "Ulsanbawi" (2016) https://youtu.be/re5yPhC3hd8
Establishment/Development of U.S. Youth Culture
Teenagers- (baby boomers) -major audience/consumer of popular culture: --investment of time/money into leisure/cultural activities (parent's disposable income) TV=cultural medium *production/marketing of commodities -musical merchandise Self identification as new generation -own identity and culture formation identity through dance, music, fashion, language
"Tragic Romanticism"
folk-emotions for lovers who existed in the past but no longer Pre-liberation=themes of yearning (loves and hometown) Post-liberation= accelerated tempo, rhythmic patterns. Themes of loss, yearning, and upbeat emotions
Silla Dynasty - "Hyangga"
folk/indigenous songs set to poetry -sung by pubic in SIlla "Hwarang"- beatiful knight
U.S. social background of Rock n Roll
mid 1950s "Cold War Era" Dominated by the right wing • Political repression against writers, musicians, and entertainers joining in civic movements since the 1930s • The middle class's conservative swing • The post-WWII baby boomers • Abolishment of racial segregation in public schools but racism persists
Minjung Gayo-"Like a Rock"
minjung gayo with dance moves
Minjung Gayo
minjung-the people/public gayo-song Developed from the 70s folk songs catalyzed by "song movement" that "college song clubs" culture- late 1970s Clubs performed songs representing youth culture and the reality of the contemporary Korea. ----**criticized popular songs (gayo) as false songs that resulted in audience members' looking away from reality and dictatorship Simple and repetitive melodies and rhythms for protestors to memorize songs easily (marching music). Enlightening lyrics that described the reality of society Performed as protest music at political rallies and labor movements in the 1980s & collegiate song clubs' participation in the rallies and movements to cheer up protesters
Sinawi 시니위
name- Korean shamanistic ensemble music Korean first mainstream heavy metal album (underground groups prior) Est. by Joon Hyun Shin's son Dae Chul Shin -Taiji seo from Taiji Boys as a former bassist "Turning on Radio Loudly" (1986) https://youtu.be/- bKFvc4_S_I
Baekdoosan 백두산
name- birthplace of mythical founding father of Korea Members from underground heavy metal bands -appeared on TV shows (significant for underground groups) -Symbols=metal accessories and leather jacket/pants "In the Dark" (1986) https://youtu.be/vJPo1H4B6Rk
Underground Rappers (1990s-2000s)
• Online hip-hop communities debut as hip-hop crews • "Master Plan": hip-hop club (1997-2001) and label • The formation and development of rhyming lyrics in the Korean language • Lyrics: social criticism/resistance, self-realization, love, life, the admiration of hip-hop/scene, and so on • Several underground rappers gained mainstream success: Epik High, Dynamic Duo, Tiger JK, etc. • many artists came from Middle/ upper background
Arirang
민요 worldwide famous Korean national folk song represents "national unity" Jeoungseon Arirang -humble farming life Milyang Arirang "Arang" -most cheerful legend of beauty Jindo Arirang - lamentation and parody. Sung between 2 ppl
Heavy Metal in Korea
Emerged in 1980s from high school bands covering European heavy metal group's music Western musical & visual style with Korean nationalistic band names Appealed to young male audiences
(Highway Star/Mask Dalho(2007)) How could vocal characteristics be described during Dalho's training in a trot singer?
Emphasis on vibrato. Trying to convey sorrow through voice. "the spirit of our hearts and tears"
Minjung Gayo Activism
Energizes rallies and protests Pungmul- traditional Korean percussion music/ ensemble -Protested japanese not apologizing over comfort women -Korean-Americans also protested in DC (pungmul also used by korean americans as tool to recontract national identity) **Reconstruction of national identity that was fabricated by dictatorship **Movie: 1987 When the Day Comes (2017) - displays protest scene -yonsei university starting point of June democratic movement -singing of national anthem Young generation-kpop songs during protest Ewha-protest against chancellor (2016) when police mobilized to suppress protesting- singing Girl's Generation "Into the New World" (2011)
Seo Taiji Musical Experiment
Experimented with range of different music • "Hayeoga"(AnyhowSong,1996) **used Korean traditional oboe Taepyeongso
Baekje Dynasty culture
Hunting, dancing, playing instruments
Folk Songs 2010
IU, "Autumn Morning" (2017) (remake of Hee-eun Yang's "Autumn Morning") https://youtu.be/vQrDL9RZyYw • IU, "Through the Night" (2017) https://youtu.be/BzYnNdJhZQw
Folk Rock
Jang-hee Lee (Chang-hui Yi)--became popular through rock songs that that represented everyday life "That's You" (1973) Jeong-seon Lee (Chong-son Yi) --renown singer/songwriter/guitarist. Folk rock with connotations of blues (1974)
Rap Dance Music: Jin Young Hyun "You Inside my Dim memory"
Jin Young Hyun - "You Inside my Dim memory" *hip hop inspired music -First popular singer promoted by SM entertainment -Very influenced by american popular music (lived near american army base, and his father was musician there) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9savn_zTgk&feature=youtu.be
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) *much Korean historical media focus on this dynasty
Royal Court Banquet Music
Joseon Dynasty: • to observe the national accomplishments • to celebrate the royal family's birthday • to hearten the seniors • to welcome and send back foreign envoys https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0W2V-XTvPQ&feature=youtu.be&t=23s
Protest Folk: Min-Ki Kim
Kim Min Ki -attended Seoul National University as art student Lead sing-a-longs for freshmen orientation with Minjung Gayo songs (We Shall Overcome, Haebangga,-Song of Liberation A Child Blooming a Flower(his own song about democracy) ) ***held in custody by police for his performance His songs were sung during protest rallies song "Achimisul"(Morning Dew) (1975)-banned by government was able to publicly release an 4 volume works album under his name after 22 years of forced internal exile **government's censorship and heavy handed control is what lead to mystique and grew anti-government activists
Consumption of Trot vs Ballad
Trot-considered exclusive property of middle-older aged generation- Now more characterized as fun, upbeat, evokes nostalgia from past. Genre is tinted by pro-Japanese ideology Ballad-more consumed by younger generation -who have experienced "modern" types of love (people prefer music that was popular when they were adolescents) words of both parallel their romantic experiences
Korean Folk pop
Twin Folio, Onions, Se-hwan Kim Became Mainstream popular Korean folk
Drunken Tiger
Two Korean American male MCs • "Do You Know Hip-Hop" (너희가 힙합을 아느냐, 1999): determination to perform hip- hop as rappers https://youtu.be/ZN5GXkvrz7w
Hip Hop Pioneers: Taiji Boys
Various hip-hop styles: rap metal, Jamaican rap, gangsta rap, and fusion of rap and traditional Korean music
Korean Popular culture early 20th century (late 19th)
Westernization-- modernization Society: -capitalism -Modern rationalism -Science and technology -Individualism and humanism Culture: -Rural-urban migration (move to city) -Western costume and food (coffee, beer) -Western-styled theatre and dance hall -Popular music industry: phonograph and vinyl (how popular music was circulated)
Geomungo
instrument that represents Literati 6-stringed zinther
(Highway Star/Mask Dalho(2007)) Where did Dalho's girl friend present her trot performances? Who was the main audience in these performances?
local festival-audience all older generational fans. (ahjummas wearing visors). It always rains during all her performances (at older birthday parties and get-togethers)
