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Gay males have a _________ . ​ a. homosexual orientation b. transgender orientation c. heterosexual orientation d. bisexual orientation

a. homosexual orientation

. Running away from home is an example of a(n): a. status offense. b. felony. c. white-collar crime. d. act of embezzlement?.

a. status offense.

_____ people have an erotic orientation only toward members of their own gender. a. Transgender b. Homosexual c. Bisexual d. Heterosexual

b. Homosexual

Identify a true statement about friendships in adolescence. a. Adolescents and their friends tend to have opposing views about drug use and sexual activity. b. Friendships in adolescence are less likely to stress mutual understanding as compared to friendships of childhood. c. Adolescents and their friends typically belong to the same age, race, and gender. d. Friendships in adolescence are less likely to stress intimate self-disclosure as compared to friendships of childhood.

c. Adolescents and their friends typically belong to the same age, race, and gender.

Which of the following statuses is characteristic of younger adolescents and of older adolescents who drift through life or become alienated and rebellious? a. Moratorium b. Generativity c. Identity diffusion d. Ego integrity

c. Identity diffusion

Peer pressure tends to be highest during _________ . ​ a. early adolescence b. late childhood c. mid-adolescence d. late adulthood

c. mid-adolescence

Ava is a young woman who is sexually attracted to other women. She has been aware of her sexual preference since her teenage years. In this scenario, Ava has a _____ orientation. a. bisexual b. heterosexual c. transgender d. homosexual

d. homosexual

Which of the following hormones is associated with sexual behavior in adolescent boys? a. Dopamine b. Testosterone c. Estrogen d. Progesterone

b. Testosterone

Which of the following best describes the term juvenile delinquency? a. It refers to children or adolescents suffering from severe depression. b. It refers to adolescents engaging in sexual activities. c. It refers to children or adolescents engaging in illegal behavior or activities. d. It refers to adolescents suffering from low self-esteem and self-reliance.

c. It refers to children or adolescents engaging in illegal behavior or activities.

According to James Marcia, which of the following is the least advanced status of psychological development associated with adolescence? a. Moratorium b. Foreclosure c. Ego integrity d. Identity diffusion

d. Identity diffusion

Which of the following best describes a crowd? a. A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group b. A small group of individuals who hang around together and who share confidences c. A group of people who are involved in different fields of work but who interact regularly d. A group of people who come together as a result of shared ideologies or religious principles

a. A large, loosely organized group of people who are identified by the activities of the group

. Which of the following statements is true of adolescents' relationships with their parents? a. Adolescents interact more with their mothers than their fathers. b. Adolescents who are close to their parents tend to be less self-reliant. c. Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood. d. Adolescents tend to have fewer conflicts with their mothers than with their fathers.

a. Adolescents interact more with their mothers than their fathers.

Which of the following is an example of juvenile delinquency? a. Chris, a 15-year-old, committing homicide during a fight in the high school campus b. Sebastian, a 12-year-old, running away from home after an argument with his parents c. Kimberly, a 16-year-old, exploring her sexuality with multiple partners d. Ariana, a 13-year-old with a homosexual orientation, falling in love with a girl in her class

a. Chris, a 15-year-old, committing homicide during a fight in the high school campus

Which of the following statements is true of petting? a. It is used by adolescents to express affection. b. It is limited to sexual self-stimulation. c. It causes teenage pregnancy. d. It causes decreased libido in men.

a. It is used by adolescents to express affection.

Identify a true statement about antisocial and criminal behaviors by adolescents. a. Many juvenile delinquency cases may be disposed of informally, as by referral to a mental health agency. b. About eight in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 21. c. About seven in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 18. d. Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery.

a. Many juvenile delinquency cases may be disposed of informally, as by referral to a mental health agency.

Which of the following best exemplifies a homosexual orientation? a. Mia, a young female who is in an intimate relationship with a girl b. Alan, a young male who has sexual relationships with both males and females c. Pablo, a boy who feels that he should have been a girl d. Alicia, a girl who is in love with a married man

a. Mia, a young female who is in an intimate relationship with a girl

Which of the following statements is true of parental and peer influence during adolescence? a. Parents and peers seem to exert influence on different domains. b. Parental influence is lesser on girls than on boys. c. Peer influence decreases drastically, whereas parent influence increases during adolescence. d. Parents and peers are usually competing influences.

a. Parents and peers seem to exert influence on different domains

Which of the following statements is true of sexual behavior? a. Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical masculine or feminine mating patterns. b. Genetic factors are unlikely to determine the sexual orientation of individuals. c. Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain begin at the same time. d. Individuals are genetically predisposed to have a homosexual orientation.

a. Sex hormones predispose lower animals to stereotypical masculine or feminine mating patterns.

Which of the following statements is true of the development of sexual identity? a. Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at different times. b. Individuals are genetically predisposed to have a bisexual orientation. c. Adolescents are unlikely to be aware of their sexual orientation. d. Sexual orientation of individuals is unlikely to be determined before their birth.

a. Sexual differentiation of sex organs and brain occur at different times.

Which of the following is characteristic of adolescents in the stage of identity diffusion? a. They tend to be alienated and rebellious. b. They tend to exhibit suicidal tendencies. c. The have established personal goals. d. They set high standards for themselves.

a. They tend to be alienated and rebellious.

. In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the moratorium status is associated with: a. active exploration of alternatives. b. submission to imposed duties. c. commitment to identified priorities. d. conformation to standards set by peers.

a. active exploration of alternatives.

Status offenses are defined as: a. activities that are considered illegal only when performed by minors. b. white-collar crimes that occur within government organizations. c. crimes that occur within law enforcement agencies. d. nonviolent crimes such as property crimes.

a. activities that are considered illegal only when performed by minors.

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, _________ is a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs. ​ a. commitment b. diffusion c. foreclosure d. exploration

a. commitment

In Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, the primary task for adolescents is to develop: a. ego identity. b. ego differentiation. c. ego transcendence. d. ego integrity.

a. ego identity.

Teenagers who _____ are less likely to initiate sexual activity at an early age. a. have close relationships with their parents b. face trouble communicating with their parents c. have sexually active peers d. experience precocious puberty and have older friends

a. have close relationships with their parents

In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the stage of identity achievement is characterized by individuals who: a. have high self-esteem and self-acceptance. b. have made unsuitable career commitments without exploring any alternatives. c. have no firm commitments. d. are rebellious.

a. have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.

Ethan likes to sing and play the guitar and wants to pursue a career in country music. However, his parents advise him to take up a traditional career option. Finally, after considering other career options, he decides to pursue his passion. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Ethan is most likely in the _____ stage. a. identity achievement b. moratorium c. identity diffusion d. foreclosure

a. identity achievement

Rob is a teenager who often skips school to go to the movies. He has no interest in studies and gets angry when his parents try to speak to him about his attitude. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Rob is most likely in the _____ stage. a. identity diffusion b. foreclosure c. identity achievement d. moratorium

a. identity diffusion

Tamara is about to graduate from high school. She is confused about options for college. She enjoys studying both languages and life sciences. She has taken an appointment with the high school career counselor to explore her options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Tamara is most likely in the _____ stage. a. moratorium b. foreclosure c. identity achievement d. identity diffusion

a. moratorium

. Erik Erikson used the term _________ to refer to the aspect of psychological development that involves experimentation with different roles, values, beliefs, and relationships. ​ a. psychological moratorium b. psychological transcendence c. role diffusion d. identity achievement

a. psychological moratorium

Ego identity is best described as a(n): a. sense of what one stands for. b. identity of self that is adopted from one's parents. c. inflated sense of one's abilities. d. distorted perception of one's worth.

a. sense of what one stands for.

Peers exhibit higher influence on adolescents than parents in matters pertaining to _____. a. speech patterns b. educational goals c. moral values d. religious beliefs

a. speech patterns

According to Ritch Savin-Williams, _____. a. the development of sexual orientation in gay males and lesbians involves several steps b. human beings are genetically predisposed to have a homosexual orientation c. human beings are genetically predisposed to have a bisexual orientation d. gay males and lesbians feel more comfortable in disclosing their sexual orientations to their parents than to their friends

a. the development of sexual orientation in gay males and lesbians involves several steps

Identify a true statement about adolescents. a. Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood. b. During adolescence, individuals may develop a less idealized view of their parents. c. Unlike conflicts with mothers, conflicts with fathers are unlikely to affect adolescents. d. Adolescents who feel close to their parents are likely to have low self-esteem.

b. During adolescence, individuals may develop a less idealized view of their parents.

. Identify an example of a status offense. a. Gloria, a teenager attempting to kill her friend b. Gina, a primary school student running away from home c. Teddy, a 30-year-old, exhibiting sexually promiscuous behavior d. Alex, a 20-year-old often being fined for breaking traffic rules

b. Gina, a primary school student running away from home

Which of the following statements is true of masturbation? a. It causes a decline in one's sex drive if practiced frequently. b. It is a sexual outlet that does not require a partner. c. It is widely practiced by women and not men. d. It is an indication of a homosexual orientation.

b. It is a sexual outlet that does not require a partner.

Which of the following statements is true of sexual self-stimulation? a. It causes a decline in one's sex drive if practiced frequently. b. It is the most common sexual outlet in adolescence. c. It is widely practiced by women and not men. d. It is an indication of a bisexual orientation.

b. It is the most common sexual outlet in adolescence.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents? a. During adolescence, parents are viewed as providing more support than same-gender friends. b. Most adolescents feel that they are close to and get along with their parents. c. Adolescents respond best to the authoritarian style of parenting. d. Adolescents tend to develop an idealized view of their parents.

b. Most adolescents feel that they are close to and get along with their parents.

Identify a true statement about adolescents' relationship with their parents. a. As adolescents grow older, parents are more likely to use punishment. b. There is little evidence of a generation gap between parents and adolescents. c. As adolescents grow older, parents are less likely to relax controls. d. Adolescents spend more time with their parents than they did in childhood.

b. There is little evidence of a generation gap between parents and adolescents.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent girls? a. They are less likely than boys to expect loyalty and companionship from their friends. b. They are more likely than boys to have a smaller, exclusive network of friends. c. They are less likely than boys to disclose personal or intimate details to friends. d. They are more likely than boys to engage in organized group activities.

b. They are more likely than boys to have a smaller, exclusive network of friends

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense? a. Amanda, a teenager, attempts to commit suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills. b. Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy. c. Ted, a young adult, is sexually intimate with his friend Bob. d. Alex, a 20-year-old, is often fined for over speeding.

b. Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy.

Which of the following is an example of a status offense? a. Marital rape b. Underage drinking c. Robbery d. Kidnapping

b. Underage drinking

During _____, adolescents undergo an identity crisis in which they examine their values and make decisions about their life roles. a. the stage of identity diffusion b. a psychological moratorium c. the stage of foreclosure d. ego transcendence

b. a psychological moratorium

Conflicts between adolescents and parents typically center on issues such as: a. political views. b. curfews. c. economic status. d. health problems.

b. curfews.

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, _________ involves active questioning and searching among alternatives to establish goals, values, or beliefs. ​ a. identity achievement b. exploration c. foreclosure d. identity diffusion

b. exploration

. In the _____ status, individuals make commitments without considering alternatives. a. moratorium b. foreclosure c. identity achievement d. identity diffusion

b. foreclosure

. Leo is a 14-year-old boy whose father is an ardent sports fan and wants Leo to become a sportsman. Leo is influenced by his father's opinion and decides to train and become a professional basketball player without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Leo's decision illustrates the _____. a. moratorium b. foreclosure c. identity diffusion d. identity achievement

b. foreclosure

Adolescents from authoritative homes tend to _________ . ​ a. have low self-reliance b. have better mental health c. be rebellious d. be introverts

b. have better mental health

The stage in which an adolescent embarks on an ethnic identity search is similar to Marcia's _________ . ​ a. identity diffusion b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. identity achievement

b. moratorium

For offenses such as _____, adolescents are likely to be accused of being involved in illegal matters, while adults are unlikely to be held guilty. a. marital rape b. sexual promiscuity c. robbery d. kidnapping

b. sexual promiscuity

. Which of the following statements best describes a clique? a. A large group of people who are identified by the activities of the group b. A group of people belonging to the same age group who are involved in illegal activities c. A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests d. A group of people who temporarily come together for a specific purpose, the completion of which ends their interaction

c. A small group of individuals who hang around together and share common interests

. Identify a true statement about adolescent suicides in the United States. a. About seven in ten adolescents have attempted suicide at least once. b. Since 1960, the suicide rate has decreased for young people aged 15 to 24. c. About one to two U.S. adolescents in 10,000 commit suicide each year. d. Suicide is the leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States.

c. About one to two U.S. adolescents in 10,000 commit suicide each year.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent suicide? a. About seven in ten adolescents have attempted suicide at least once. b. Adolescents who are highly achieving and rigid perfectionists never have suicidal tendencies. c. Adolescent suicide attempts are more common after stressful life events. d. Suicidal tendencies decrease from the age of 11 to 21.

c. Adolescent suicide attempts are more common after stressful life events.

In the context of the development of identity in humans, which of the following is an assumption made by Erik Erikson? a. Erik Erikson assumed that women were more likely than men to reject the minority culture for the dominant culture. b. Erik Erikson assumed that a woman's relationships with her peers did not play a role in her identity development. c. Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters. d. Erik Erikson assumed that men, unlike women, were less concerned with ideological matters during adolescence.

c. Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters.

Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem? a. High self-esteem is a characteristic of individuals who are depressed or suicidal. b. Individuals who feel close to their parents tend to have low self-esteem and self-reliance. c. Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13. d. Individuals in the stage of identity diffusion are likely to have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.

c. Self-esteem tends to decline after middle childhood and improves after the age of 12 or 13.

. In comparison with adolescents who do not communicate well with their parents, those who do: a. are more likely to have adjustment issues. b. are less likely to be self-reliant or independent. c. are more likely to use birth control. d. are more likely to have low self-esteem.

c. are more likely to use birth control

. Amelia's teachers are of the opinion that she can become a successful lawyer and encourage her to achieve that goal. Inspired by their encouragement, she plans to study business law in college. However, she takes this decision without considering other career options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, this scenario exemplifies the stage of: a. moratorium. b. identity diffusion. c. foreclosure. d. identity achievement.

c. foreclosure.

. Ryan is a young man who he has had multiple intimate relationships with other men over the years. At present, he is in a stable relationship with Jerry and wants to marry him. In this scenario, Ryan has a _____ orientation. a. bisexual b. heterosexual c. homosexual d. transgender

c. homosexual

Alexis has always been keen on photography from a young age. As her parents and grandparents are doctors, they expect her to choose medicine as her career. However, she declares that she wants to be a travel photographer after considering the other career options available to her. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Alexis is most likely in the _____ stage. a. moratorium b. foreclosure c. identity achievement d. identity diffusion

c. identity achievement

Unlike childhood peer groups, adolescent peer groups: a. disregard the importance of shared activities. b. are less likely to be influenced by a similarity in attitudes. c. may include more members of the opposite gender. d. are controlled by parents.

c. may include more members of the opposite gender.

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, active exploration of potential career options without actively committing to one of them is associated with _________ . ​ a. identity diffusion b. foreclosure c. moratorium d. role diffusion

c. moratorium

In comparison to adolescent girls, adolescent boys are: a. more likely to share personal feelings with friends. b. less likely to interact with those of similar status. c. more likely to engage in organized group activities. d. less likely to have large friendship networks.

c. more likely to engage in organized group activities.

In the context of parenting styles, which of the following statements is true? a. Adolescents from authoritative homes have low self-esteem. b. Adolescents whose parents use the authoritarian parenting style are the most competent. c. Adolescents whose parents use the permissive parenting style are the most competent. d. Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior.

d. Adolescents from authoritative homes show the most competent behavior.

. Who among the following individuals is most likely straight? a. Elijah, a man in his thirties who has been dating Sam, a young man, for two years b. Arnold, a young man who enjoys sexual intimacy with both men and women c. Edward, a man who is sexually attracted to his older male colleague Jose d. Chloe, a woman in her twenties who is sexually attracted only to younger men

d. Chloe, a woman in her twenties who is sexually attracted only to younger men

Which of the following statements is true of criminal behaviors by adolescents? a. Running away from home is a serious act of juvenile delinquency and not a status offense. b. Robbery is categorized as a status offense by the laws governing juvenile delinquency. c. Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery. d. Criminal behaviors show a dramatic increase in many societies during adolescence and then taper off during adulthood.

d. Criminal behaviors show a dramatic increase in many societies during adolescence and then taper off during adulthood.

. Which of the following statements is true of dating in adolescence? a. Members of adolescent peer groups belong to one particular gender which reduces instances of dating. b. Dating restricts adolescents from having fun. c. Romantic relationships do not begin until late adolescence. d. Dating prepares adolescents for adult courtship.

d. Dating prepares adolescents for adult courtship.

In the context of adolescent suicide, which of the following statements is true? a. Genetic factors have no influence on suicidal tendencies. b. Women are more likely than men to complete a suicide. c. Highly achieving teenagers are unlikely to consider suicide. d. Drug abuse is a warning sign of suicidal tendencies.

d. Drug abuse is a warning sign of suicidal tendencies.

. Identify a true statement about juvenile delinquency. a. Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior. b. Robbery is an example of a status offense. c. Crimes committed by adolescents from minority groups are considered status offenses. d. Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as running away.

d. Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as running away.

Which of the following statements is true of juvenile delinquency? a. Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery. b. Similar patterns of delinquency are observed among teenagers belonging to different ethnic groups. c. Crimes committed by adolescents from a stable economic background are considered status offenses. d. Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy.

d. Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as truancy.

Who among the following is most likely a bisexual? a. Matt, a man who is not sexually aroused by women but fantasizes about being sexually intimate with his male colleague, John b. Dave, a commitment-phobic young man who has been sexually intimate with several women in his life c. Jacob, a man who is confused about his sexual identity and feels that he might be a woman trapped in a man's body d. James, a young man who is sexually intimate with his girlfriend Elaine as well as with his neighbor Mark, an older male

d. James, a young man who is sexually intimate with his girlfriend Elaine as well as with his neighbor Mark, an older male

Who among the following individuals is most likely a bisexual? a. Monika, a woman who is not sexually aroused by men but fantasizes about being sexually intimate with her friend Jenna b. Hannah, a young woman who has enjoyed sexual intimacy with several men in her life and is about to marry one of them c. Kelly, a girl who is confused about her sexual identity and feels that she might be a man trapped in a woman's body d. Lillian, a young woman who is sexually intimate with her boyfriend Justin as well as with her colleague Judy, an older female

d. Lillian, a young woman who is sexually intimate with her boyfriend Justin as well as with her colleague Judy, an older female

Which of the following individuals has a homosexual orientation? a. Laura, a girl who has never been out on a date with the boy she likes b. Alex, a boy who likes girls but is scared to ask one out c. Barbara, a young female who has sexual relationships with both males and females d. Michael, a young male who has been dating another male for three years

d. Michael, a young male who has been dating another male for three years

Who among the following is most likely straight? a. Perry, a woman in her forties who has been dating Sarah, a young woman, for two years b. Helen, a young woman who enjoys sexual intimacy with both men and women c. Kate, a woman who is sexually attracted to her female colleague Veronica d. Ricky, a man in his fifties who is sexually attracted only to young women

d. Ricky, a man in his fifties who is sexually attracted only to young women

In the context of sexual orientation, a lesbian: a. desires sexual intimacy with men. b. is sexually attracted to both men and women. c. feels like a male trapped in a female body. d. desires sexual intimacy with women.

d. desires sexual intimacy with women.

. Jonah is a 15-year-old boy. His parents believe that Jonah has all the qualities required to become a scientist and encourage him to plan his future accordingly. Influenced by his parents' encouragement, Jonah decides to take up research in the field of science. He selects his career solely on the basis of his parents' views. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Jonah's decision illustrates the _____. a. identity achievement b. moratorium c. identity diffusion d. foreclosure

d. foreclosure

Nikita is a 15-year-old girl. Her performance at school is poor, and she has no hobbies or interests. She has no goals for her future and is content to spend her life one day at a time. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Nikita is most likely in the _____ stage. a. moratorium b. identity achievement c. foreclosure d. identity diffusion

d. identity diffusion

Antonio is a studious high school student. He is taking into account his parents' and teachers' opinions when deciding which college he should choose. Antonio is also speaking to a career counselor to weigh his options. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Antonio is most likely in the _____ stage. a. identity diffusion b. foreclosure c. identity achievement d. moratorium

d. moratorium

. In comparison to friendships of childhood, friendships in adolescence are: a. unlikely to illustrate gender differences. b. less likely to stress the importance of acceptance. c. unlikely to be influenced by age. d. more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure.

d. more likely to stress the importance of intimate self-disclosure.

Unlike boys, adolescent girls are less likely to stress the importance of _________ while making friends. ​ a. loyalty b. self-disclosure c. companionship d. status

d. status