Lab 8a, Axial Skeleton

atlas

C1

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes

Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7)

first set of 7 bones, forming the neck

vertebral lamina

flattened posterior portion of the vertebral arch

sacral vertebrae

5 vertebrae which are fused to form the sacrum in the pelvis

foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

tubercle of rib

A structure in the neck of the rib that articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebra's transverse process.

lacrimal fossa

Anterior and lateral depression of roof of orbit which accommodates the lacrimal gland

anterior fontanel

Anterior side of the skull Where the sagittal suture and coronal suture meet

head of rib

Articulates with the costal facet of a thoracic vertebral body.

squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

nasal bones

Bones that form the bridge of the nose.

parietal bones

Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium.

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck

jugular foramen

CN IX, X, XI, superior bulb of internal jugular, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sunuses, meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries pass through

foramen rotundum

CN V2

herniated discs

Intervertebral fibrocartilage that has lost pliability and presses on the spinal cord

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5

inferior articular facet

Name this specific part of C2.

ethmoid sinus

Nasal Sinus located between the nose and the orbits.

intervertebral foramen

Opening formed by the inferior and superior notches on the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. Allows passage of spinal nerves and vessels.

alveolar process

Portion of the maxillary bones that form the support for teeth of the maxillary arch

occipital condyles

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

clavicular notch

Site where manubrium articulates with the clavicles

thoracic vertebrae

T1-T12

Ribs

The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.

angle of mandible

The lower posterior of the ramus

supraorbital margin

The superior rim of the eye socket located on the frontal bone.

superior articular facet

What is the highlighted structure?

ala of sacrum

Wing-like masses of the sacrum

hyoid bone

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

zygomatic process

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygoma

vertebral pedicle

a stub of bone that connects the lamina to the vertebral body to form the vertebral arch

paranasal sinuses

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

optic canal

allows the optic nerve to pass to the eye

temporal process

arch of bone extending posteriorly from the zygomatic bone

transverse costal facet

articulates with tubercle of rib

occipital bone

back of head/base of skull

posterior fontanel

back soft spot on fetal skull between parietal and occipital bone

neck of rib

between head and tubercle

lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

sagittal suture

between the two parietal bones

vertebrae body

bony disk that bears the weight of the vertebra

sternum

breastbone

external occipital protuberance

bump on back of head

frontal sinus

cavity within the frontal bone

Concave curves of spine

cervical and lumbar spine

zygomatic bones

cheek bones

sacral canal

continuation of vertebral canal

Sella turcica

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

crista galli

ethmoid

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the vertebrae

frontal bone

forehead

inferior nasal conchae

form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity

palatine bones

form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

temporal bones

form the sides and base of the cranium

Transverse process of vertebra

forms joint with ribs in thoracic region, site for muscle attachment in lumbar region

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

perpendicular plate

forms superior part of nasal septum

palatine process

forms the anterior portion of the hard palate (roof) of the mouth also forms parts of the nasal cavity and eye orbits

vomer

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

foramen ovale

fossa ovalis

coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

fetal skull

has more bones than adult skull; mandible & frontal bone are unfused; skull bones are connected by fontanelles (unossified remnants of fibrous membrane b/w skull bones - 4: anterior, posterior, mastoid & sphenoid)

True ribs (1-7)

have a direct attachment to the sternum via cartilage

costal cartilage of ribs

hyaline cartilage

sacral hiatus

inferior opening of the sacral canal

coronoid process of mandible

insertion of temporalis

foramen lacerum

internal carotid artery

sphenoidal fontanelle

junction of squamous and coronal sutures

mastoid fontanelle

junction of squamous and lambdoid sutures

maxillary sinus

largest paranasl sinus; pyramidal; on cheek bone lateral to nasal bone

inferior nasal concha

located on each side of the nasal septum, attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity; increase epithelial surface area and create turbulence in the inspired air

mandible

lower jaw

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

lacrimal bones

make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye

mandibular notch

mandible

mental foramen

mandible

superior nasal concha

not a named bone, but part of the ethmoid bone. Above middle nasal concha

floating ribs (11-12)

not attached to sternum (only vertebrae)

supraorbital foramen

opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

external auditory/acoustic meatus

opening in the temporal bone extending to the inner ear

infraorbital foramen

opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region

anterior sacral foramina

openings on the anterior side of the sacrum

posterior sacral foramina

openings on the posterior side of the sacrum

carotid canal

passageway for internal carotid artery

styloid process

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Spinous process of vertebra

projects posteriorly from fused lamina

inferior costal facet

receive the head of the ribs on the inferior side; only in thoracic vertebrae

superior costal facet

receive the head of the ribs on the superior side; only in thoracic vertebrae

false ribs (8-12)

ribs that do not have a direct attachment to the sternum

angle of sternum

ridge dividing head and body of sternum

mastoid process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Axis (C2)

second cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)

second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs to form the outward curve of the spine

sphenoid sinus

sinus above and behind the nose

maxilary sinus

sinus in the maxilla

ethmoidal sinuses/ air cells

small, multiple spaces within the ethmoid bone

greater wing

sphenoid bone

lesser wing

sphenoid bone

vertebral column

spine

suprasternal (jugular) notch

superior surface of manubrium; u shaped notch

alveolar process of mandible

supports the lower teeth

body of sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

condylar process

the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull

mandibular fossa

the depression in the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible fits

median sacral crest

the fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae

body of mandible

the horizontal portion of the lower jaw

shaft of rib

the long, relatively straight component of a rib, between the neck and the angle of the rib

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

third set of 5 larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

cribriform foramina

tiny holes in the cribriform plates that allow for the passage of filaments of cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve)

maxilla

upper jaw

manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

ramus of mandible

vertical part of mandible