LAB: Digestive System

duodenum

1

parotid gland

1

sinusoids

10

ascending colon

2

sublingual gland

2

jejunum

3

submandibular gland

3

ileum

4

transverse colon

6

descending colon

7

portal triad

7

portal vein

8

enamel

A

gallbladder

A

root

A tooth consists of two major regions, the crown and the _______

esophagus

Approximately 25 cm long, the ____________ canal conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach.

cecum

B

dentin

B

mucosa

B

rectum

B

submucosa

C

muscular externa

D

serosa

E

root

G

neck

H

crown

I

common hepatic duct

K

sigmoid colon

K

anal canal

L

liver

Located inferior to the diaphragm, the ________ is the largest gland in the body

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, LES, stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileo-cecal valve, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, anal canal, anus

Name the order of the GI tract from mouth to anus

descending

The _____________ colon traverses down the left side of the abdominal cavity and becomes the sigmoid colon.

true

True or False. Nearly all nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine.

peristalis

Wavelike contractions of the digestive tract that propel food along are called _________

absorption

________ occurs when small molecules pass through epithelial cells into the blood for distribution to the body cells

mesentery

a fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen

greater omentum

a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

gastroesophageal sphincter

a slight thickening of the smooth muscle layer at the esophagus-stomach junction that controls food passage into the stomach

bolus

a small rounded mass of a substance, especially of chewed food at the moment of swallowing

bile

alkaline fluid that aids digestion and is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; without this, little fat digestion or absorption occurs

alimentary canal

consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines

accessory digestive organs

consists of the teeth (physically break down food), salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas (secrete their products into alimentary canal)

jejunum

continuous with the duodenum, extends for 2.5 m. Most of it occupies the umbilical region of the abdominal cavity

circular folds

deep, permanent folds of the mucosa and submucosa layers that force chyme to spiral through the intestine, mixing it and slowing its progress

no, they have a cecum

do cats have an appendix?

esophagus

essentially a food passageway that conducts food to the stomach in a wavelike peristaltic motion; has no digestive or absorptive function

duodenum

extends from a pyloric sphincter, most of it lies in a retroperitoneal position

villi

fingerlike projections of the mucosa tunic that give it a velvety appearance and texture

greater omentum

hangs between stomach and transverse colon like a fatty apron

periodontal ligament

holds the tooth in the tooth socket and exerts a cushioning effect

32 (16 on top and 16 on bottom)

how many adult teeth are there?

20 (10 on top and 10 on bottom)

how many baby teeth are there?

5-6, 4

how many liver lobes does the cat have? humans?

brush border enzymes

hydrolytic enzymes bound to the microvilli of the columnar epithelial cells; enzymes produced by the pancreas and ducted into the duodenum largely via the main pancreatic duct

GI tract

includes all structures between the mouth and the anus, forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organs of digestion, namely, the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

GI system

includes all structures of the GI tract and other structures that aid in digestion such as liver and gallbladder. Pancreas. Salivary glands, lips, teeth, tongue, epiglottis, thyroid, and parathyroid

hepatic macrophages

line the sinusoids in the liver and remove debris such as bacteria from the blood as it flows past

liver

main digestive function is to produce bile

microvilli

microscopic projections of the surface plasma membrane of the columnar epithelial lining cells of the mucosa

gastric glands

part of the mucosa that secretes HCl and hydrolytic enzymes

retroperitoneal

situated or occurring behind the peritoneum

lobule

structural and functional unit of the liver that contains hepatocytes

mesocolon

supports the large intestine

mesentery

supports the small intestine

stomach

the ________ is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and is hidden by the liver and diaphragm

mucosa

the ____________ abuts the lumen of the alimentary canal and consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscular mucosae.

4

the alimentary canal wall has ____ basic layers or tunics

D

the digestive system: a) eliminates undigested food b) provides the body with nutrients c) provides the body with water d) all of the above

lesser omentum

the double layer of peritoneum that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum

mesentery

the general term that refers to the double later of the peritoneum that extends from the digestive organs to the body wall

mesocolon

the peritoneum attaching the sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

absorption

the process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis

digestion

the process of ingested food breaking down into its smaller diffusible molecules

chyme

the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

ileum

the terminal portion of the small intestine, joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valse

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

what are the 4 types of teeth?

greater and lesser omentum

what are the two mesenteries that connect to the stomach?

salivary amylase

what begins the digestion of starch?

peristalsis

what causes bowl sounds?

hepatocytes

what cells make bile?

visceral: covers organs parietal: covers the wall of the peritoneal cavity

what is the difference between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?

breaks up fat

what is the function of bile?

grind

what is the function of the back teeth?

tearing/rip

what is the function of the front teeth?

simple columnar epithelium

what tissue makes up the colon?

stratified squamous epithelium

what tissue makes up the esophagus?

simple squamous

what tissue makes up the ileum?

stratified squamous

what tissue makes up the mucosa of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx

mucous columnar cells

what tissue makes up the stomach?

alimentary canal (GI tract), accessory digestive organs

what two major groups do the digestive system divide into?

pyloric

where does the most of the digestive activity in the stomach occur?