LE Biochemistry questions

How many different amino groups exist in nature? What is the name of portion of amino acid that differs from one to another

20 variable (R) group

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in all carbohydrates? 10/10 3:1 2:1 1:2 1:3

2:1

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?

2:1

what are building blocks of lipids?

3 fatty acids and glycerol

What is a macromolecule? How is it formed? (use monomer and polymer)

A macromolecule is a large polymer made up of monomers. It is made when dehydration synthesis link many smaller monomers together.

Which words best complete the lettered blanks in the two sentences below. Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too A to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into B and starches are digested into C. A- large, B- simple sugars. C- amino acids A- small, B- simple sugars, C- amino acids A- large, B-amino acids, C- simple sugars A- small B- amino acids, C- simple sugars

A- large, B-amino acids, C- simple sugars

The rate at which all organisms obtain, transform, and transport materials depends on an immediate supply of ATP and enzymes Solar energy and carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide and enzymes ATP and solar energy

ATP and enzymes

Luciferin is a molecule that, when broken down in Fireflies, produces heat and light. The rate at which luciferin is broken down is controlled by A carbohydrate A simple sugar An enzyme A complex fat

An enzyme

four elements in nucleic acids?

C, H, O, N, P

What two elements are found in every organic molecule? 10/10 Nitrogen and Carbon Carbon and Hydrogen Hydrogen and Nitrogen Hydrogen and Oxygen

Carbon and Hydrogen

Nucleic Acids are large macromolecules and two examples are: 10/10 sugar and starch enzymes and antibodies DNA and RNA fat and cholesterol

DNA and RNA

How do DNA and RNA differ?

DNA is double helix, and RNA is single stranded. DNA is only found in mitochondria, nucleus, and chloroplast, and RNA is found all over cell

3 common types of nucleic acids

DNA, RNA, ATP

Which polysaccharide forms in liver and muscle cells when animals store excess sugar? 10/10 Cellulose Starch Glycogen Glucose

Glycogen

Starch molecules after attaching to a biological catalyst turn into simple sugars. This reaction is most directly involved in the process of Reproduction Protein synthesis Replication Heterotrophic nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition

What element is found in all proteins that is lacking in carbohydrates and lipids? 10/10 Iron Nitrogen Zinc Phosphorous

Nitrogen

Which statement about organic molecules is NOT true? 10/10 Living things are made of cells which are made up of organic and inorganic molecules Organic molecules are large macromolecules which are usually made up of smaller building blocks or monomers Monomers are put together to form more complex molecules known as polymers Out of all of the macromolecules in living things, only proteins can be used by cells for its proper functioning

Out of all of the macromolecules in living things, only proteins can be used by cells for its proper functioning

Which statement concerning proteins is not correct? Proteins are long, usually folded, chains. The shape of a protein molecule determines its function Proteins can be broken down and used for energy Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars

Proteins are bonded together, resulting in simple sugars

The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the breakdown of proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by the Shapes of the molecules involved Number of molecules involved Sequence of bases present in ATP Amount of glucose present in the cell

Shapes of the molecules involved

Which would best describe the structure of DNA? 10/10 a globular molecule a straight chain molecule a spherical shaped molecule a double helix shaped molecue

a double helix shaped molecue

A phospholipid is an example of a lipid but instead of having three fatty acids it only has two because one is replaced by: 10/10 a phosphate group an iron atom a glucose molecule none of the above

a phosphate group

Which two nitrogenous bases are known as purines because they have a "double ring" structure? 10/10 adenine and cytosine adenine and uracil adenine and guanine guanine and uracil

adenine and guanine

Which statement is false about enzyme molecules? 10/10 all enzymes are made up of amino acids that fold into complex shapes all enzymes can be reused all enzymes are specific because of their unique active sites all enzymes are used for hydrolysis reactions

all enzymes are used for hydrolysis reactions

Which of the following molecules are examples of monosaccharides? 10/10 glucose and fructose fructose and galactose galactose and glucose all of the above are examples of monosaccharides

all of the above are examples of monosaccharides

What may be a function of lipid in the human body? 10/10 They are used to produce sex hormones They are used as insulation and cushioning They are used to help build cell membranes all of the above are functions of lipids in humans

all of the above are functions of lipids in humans

Which of the following is a part of a nucleotide? 10/10 a five carbon sugar a nitrogenous base a phosphate group all of the above are part of a nucleotide

all of the above are part of a nucleotide

Saturated fatty acids: 10/10 contain only carbon to carbon single bonds are unhealthy to eat in large quantities are solid at room temperature all of the above are true of saturated fatty acids

all of the above are true of saturated fatty acids

What does it mean if a lipid is saturated?

all the bonds between the carbon are single bonds and they are very unhealthy (clog arteries)

Name 2 types of secondary structure proteins may fold into

alpha helix and beta sheet

What is monomer of protein?

amino acid

The diagram below represents the synthesis of a portion of a complex molecule in an organism. building blocks ------> product Which could be used to identify the building blocks and product? Building blocks Product starch molecules glucose sugar molecules ATP amino acid molecules part of protein DNA molecules part of starch

amino acid molecules part of protein

The building blocks used to build proteins are known as 10/10 monosaccharides fatty acids nucleotides amino acids

amino acids

What are the building blocks of all enzymes? 10/10 monosaccharides amino acids nucleotides fatty acids

amino acids

What is the building block of all protein molecules? 10/10 nucleotides mononsaccharides fatty acids amino acids

amino acids

Which two organic molecules contain carboxyl groups? 10/10 amino acids and fatty acids amino acids and monosaccharides fatty acids and monosaccharides monosaccharides and glycerol

amino acids and fatty acids

Which contains correct information concerning synthesis? building blocks substance synthesized using the Building Blocks glucose molecules DNA simple sugars protein amino acids enzyme molecular bases starch

amino acids enzyme

Which two parts of an amino acid react to form a peptide bond?

amino and carboxyl group

When an enzyme temporarily bonds to its substrate what is this relationship called? 10/10 an enzyme-substrate complex an enzymatic hydrolysis an enzymatic synthesis none of the above are correct

an enzyme-substrate complex

Two foods that are known to be excellent sources of protein for a healthy human diet are: 10/10 beans and chicken cereal and vegetables bread and pasta fish and butter

beans and chicken

Why are enzymes known as catalysts? 10/10 because they are made of amino acids because they speed up chemical reactions because they are specific because they are reusable

because they speed up chemical reactions

Which describes the function of RNA? 10/10 it is used to build ribosomes it is used to help with protein synthesis both of the above are correct about RNA none of the above are correct about RNA

both of the above are correct about RNA

A saturated fatty acid differs from an unsaturated fatty acid by the fact that unsaturated fatty acids are: 10/10 healthier bent molecules due to the presence of a Carbon to Carbon double bond both of the above are true about unsaturated fatty acids none of the above

both of the above are true about unsaturated fatty acids

three functions of proteins in living cells

building and repairing muscle tissue used as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions (catalysts) they can also be used as hemoglobin or antibodies

Which substance is an organic compound? carbohydrates carbon dioxide ozone water

carbohydrates

Two functional groups of amino acids

carboxyl group and amino group

major polysaccharide that plants have in cell wall? how does it help?

cellulose, Cellulose makes the cell wall strong and gives it support

Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because the two proteins are composed of chains folded the same way and the same sequence of simple sugars chains folded the same way and the same sequence of amino acids chains folded differently and a different sequence of simple sugars chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids

chains folded differently and a different sequence of amino acids

Three food sources of lipids are: 10/10 fried foods, fruits and vegetables cheese, avocado, and nuts bread, pasta, and rice cereal, fruit, and fat-free milk

cheese, avocado, and nuts

What part of a molecule provides energy for life processes? carbon atoms oxygen atoms chemical bonds inorganic nitrogen

chemical bonds

Examples of proteins include all of the following except for: 10/10 enzymes antibodies cholesterol hemoglobin

cholesterol

Many biological catalysts, hormones, and receptor molecules are similar in that, in order to function properly, they must interact with each other at a high pH interact with molecules that can alter their specific bonding patterns contain amino acid chains that fold into a specific shape contain identical DNA base sequences

contain amino acid chains that fold into a specific shape

Fatty acids are connected to glycerol during the process of 10/10 hydrolysis protein synthesisi dehydration synthesis hydrogenation

dehydration synthesis

Which sugar is found in DNA? 10/10 ribose deoxyribose glucose sucrose

deoxyribose

three common categories of lipids

fats, oils, waxes

When lactase is added to lactose, what are the products of this hydrolytic reaction? 10/10 two glucose molecules glucose and galactose glucose and fructose two amino acids

glucose and galactose

Three examples of monosaccharides?

glucose, galactose, fructose

One of the largest proteins found in the human body is known as: 10/10 enzymes hemoglobin alanine phospholipid

hemoglobin

Which two proteins in nature fold up in the 4th level of protein folding?

hemoglobin and chlorophyll

Where is DNA found in the cell? 10/10 in chloroplasts only in mitochondria and chloroplasts in mitochondria, chloroplasts and in the nucleus of the cell in ribosomes and in the nucleus only

in mitochondria, chloroplasts and in the nucleus of the cell

The shape of a protein is most directly determined by the amount of energy available for synthesis of the protein kind and sequence of amino acids in the protein type and number of DNA molecules in a cell mistakes made when the DNA is copied

kind and sequence of amino acids in the protein

The ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen is much________ in lipids compared to Carbohydrates 10/10 smaller larger faster slower

larger

Which enzyme would be used to catalyze the hydrolysis of a lipid? 10/10 lipase maltase nuclease protease

lipase

at room temperature unsaturated fat is? saturated fat is?

liquid, solid

One major difference between the energy that carbohydrates provides us compared to lipids is that in lipids the energy is considered to be: 10/10 quick energy long term energy unavailable energy readily available energy

long term energy

three functions of lipids in all living things

long term energy, insultation, cushioning for organs

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base? 10/10 madanine adenine guanine cytosine

madanine

The enzyme which would catalyze the hydrolysis of maltose would be named: 10/10 lipase sucrase maltase nuclease

maltase

What disaccharide forms when glucose joins with another glucose? 10/10 sucrose maltose lactose galactose

maltose

When amlylase is added to starch what would be the products of this reaction? many monosaccharides many amino acids three fatty acids and glycerol many nucleotides

many monosaccharides

Building blocks that are used to build large macromolecules are known as: 10/10 polymers monomers acids salts

monomers

Disaccharides, or double sugars, form when two of these molecules combine: 10/10 water molecules oxygen molecules monosaccharides amino acids

monosaccharides

The building blocks of all carbohydrates are: 10/10 monosaccharides lipids amino acids fatty acids

monosaccharides

The monomers used to build a polymer known as starch, a type of carbohydrate, are 10/10 amino acids lipids monosaccharides nucleotides

monosaccharides

One example of a tissue found in the human body and other animals that is high in structural proteins is: 10/10 fat skin muscle blood

muscle

two palces where glycogen are stored?

muscle, liver

What macromolecule contains the instructions for linking of a cells amino acids together in the correct order?

nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)

monomer found in nucleic acid

nucleotide

What is the building block of all nucleic acids? 10/10 amino acids nucleotides monosaccharides fatty acids

nucleotides

The bond that forms when two monosaccharides combine is called a: 10/10 peptide bond ionic bridge hydrogen bond oxygen bridge

oxygen bridge

When protein molecules form by dehydration synthesis, what is the name of the special bond that is created to link the amino acids together? 10/10 oxygen bridge peptide bond hydrogen bond carbon bond

peptide bond

parts of nucleotide

phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

What is the one element that all Nucleic Acids have that is not found in all Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins? 10/10 carbon hydrogen oxygen phosphorous

phosphorous

When many amino acids link together to form a polymer what is this molecule called? 10/10 polysaccharide polypeptide nucleic acid lipid

polypeptide

4 ways protein may be organized

primary structre (order of amino acids) secondary structure (begins to fold) (alpha helix or beta sheet) terciary stucture (continues to fold into globular shape) Quaternary structure (two or more proteins joined together in large globular shape)

The specific order of amino acids found in a polypeptide (protein) chain is known as the: 10/10 primary structure of a protein secondary structure of a protein tertiary structure of a protein quaternary structure of a protein

primary structure of a protein

Three days after an organism eats some meat, many of the organic molecules originally contained in the meat would be found in newly formed molecules of glucose protein starch oxygen

protein

The diagram represents a process that occurs in organisms A --> broken down to --> B Which indicates what A and B could represent A B starch proteins protein amino acids protein simple sugars starch amino acids

protein amino acids

Two examples of polymers are: 10/10 protein and carbohydrates protein and salt salt and water water and lipid

protein and carbohydrates

What is the major function of carbohydrates?

quick energy

Part of a starch molecule attaches to something labeled Z. Water is added and the starch molecule is turned into X and Y Substances x and Y are examples of which kind of molecule? simple sugar amino acid fat hormone

simple sugar

Part of a starch molecule attachs to something labeled Z. Water is added and the starch molecule is turned into X and Y Substances x and Y are examples of which kind of molecule? simple sugar amino acid fat hormone

simple sugar

Most of the starch stored in the cells of a potato is composed of molecules that originally entered these cells as enzymes simple sugars amino acids minerals

simple sugars

Stages of digestion of starch starch enters something (probably enzyme), starch broken into 2 products The products would most likely contain simple sugars fats amino acids minerals

simple sugars

Nutrients proteins carbohydrates digestive end product substance A substance B In an autotrophic organism, substance B functions as a source of energy hormone vitamin biotic resource

source of energy

Which of the following molecules is an example of a polysaccharide? 10/10 starch glucose maltose lactose

starch

In what form do plants store excess carbohydrates? animals?

starch, glycogen

The molecule that an enzyme temporarily bonds with in an enzymatic reaction is known as a: 10/10 substitute superlative substrate supernatant

substrate

Which of the following molecules are considered to be organic molecules? 10/10 water carbon dioxide sugar sodium chloride

sugar

Nutrients proteins carbohydrates digestive end product substance A substance B In heterotrophic organism, substance A could be used directly for photosynthesis synthesis of enzymes a building block of starch a genetic code

synthesis of enzymes

Enzymes are specific because they have this unique area on their surface: 10/10 the active site the substrate the hydrolytic area the synthesis area

the active site

What does it mean if a lipid is unsaturated?

there is at least 1 double bond between carbon that makes it bend, healtheir than saturated

Which statement concerning simple sugars and amino acids is correct? They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis they are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules they are both building blocks of starch they are both stored as fat molecules in the liver

they are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules

How many oxygen bridges form during dehydration synthesis of a lipid? 10/10 three two one none

three

Lipids are huge macromolecules made from the following building blocks: 10/10 three fatty acids and glucose two fatty acids and starch three fatty acids and glycerol two fatty acids and glycerol

three fatty acids and glycerol

The monomers that make up a lipid are: 10/10 glycerol and two fatty acids glycerol and one fatty acid three fatty acids and one glycerol three fatty acids and two glycerol

three fatty acids and one glycerol

How many monosaccharides are needed to make a disaccharide? 10/10 only one two three more than three

two

the function of most proteins depends primarily on the type and order of amino acids environment of the organism availability of starch molecules nutritional habits of the organism

type and order of amino acids

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA? 10/10 thymine adenine uracil cytosine

uracil

Which of the following inorganic molecules is known to be the most abundant inorganic molecule in living things? 10/10 water salt carbon dioxide oxygen

water

Which substance is an inorganic molecule? starch water DNA fat

water

The reason it is called "dehydration synthesis" when two monomers join to form a larger more complex molecule is because during this process: 10/10 glucose forms energy is used water is released as a waste water is added

water is released as a waste