Leadership

Social Intelligence

"The ability to determine the requirements for leadership in a particular situation and select an appropriate response". Social perceptiveness to the group or organization • Conceptual skills / ability to detect threats & opportunities • Interpersonal skills / group level • Knowledge of the organization Behavioral flexibility for the situation • Skilled behavior to select or adopt, • Knowledge of effects and limits or each type of behavior adopted.

Beyond skills: Competencies

Emotional intelligence Social intelligence Cognitive and learning capability

5 Factor Personality model and Leadership "BIG FIVE"

Extraversion - The person is a gregarious, assertive, and sociable (as opposed to reserved, timid, and quiet). Factor most strongly associated with leadership Conscientiousness - The person is hardworking, organized, and dependable (as opposed to lazy, disorganized, and unreliable). 2nd most related factor intellect. Neuroticism & Openness (Intellect-ance) - The person is creative, curious, and cultured (rather than practical with narrow interests). Next most related • Neuroticism negatively associated to leadership Agreeableness - The person is cooperative, warm and agreeable (rather than cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic). Only weakly related to leadership. Emotional stability - The person is calm, self-confident, and cool (as opposed to insecure, anxious, and depressed).

Cognitive and Learning Capability

Flexibility to learn from experience and adapt to change. i.e, • "Learning how to learn", • Finding ways to improve, • Ability to learn and adapt,

Skills Approach

Focuses on leader. Skills are what a leader can accomplish, whereas traits are who leaders are.

Great Man Theory

Leaders are born not made. The theory contributed to the idea that leadership had something to do with inheritance and breeding. Leaders were born, and not just that but to certain societal class and to a gender. The ideas ascribed to Carlyle give rise to large body of research into leadership that exists today- Traits and personality. • What made these leaders great, whether there was anything could be learned from the personalities of these great men that could help in determining who had the elusive ability to lead and who did not

Pros and Cons of Traits Approach

Pros: Easy to understand, several decades of research, depth and width of research, tests that make people aware for selection purposes. Cons: No process/interaction, denied the leader the ability to develop themselves through experience or training, no evident link between result and efficiency. Also denied women the change to assume leadership positions, hard to teach.

Pros and Cons of skills approach

Pros: Leader-centered but at diverse levels, descriptive and prescriptive, process view as skills are to be developed in the situation, easy to teach. Cons: Claims not to be trait model, but includes individual attributes, the link to effectiveness can be discussed, weak in predictive value.

Katz Model

Suggests importance of particular leadership skills varies depending on where leader resides in management hierarchy

3 main types of skills

Technical Skills: having knowledge about and being proficient in a specific type of work or activity Conceptual Skills: the ability to do the mental work of shaping meaning of organizational policy or issues (what company stands for and where it's going) Human Skills: knowledge about and being able to work with people

Trait Theory

You are born to be a leader: taller; more intelligent...Study of the GREAT : Based on the assumptions that certain physical, social, and personal characteristics are inherent in leaders Diverse characteristics and models A large set of traits across the diverse pieces of research, but 5 major • Intelligence • Integrity • Self confidence • Determination • Sociability... OFTEN THESE TRAITS INCREASE LIKELIHOOD TO BE EFFECTIVE BUT NOT GUARANTEE EFFECTIVENESS

Signs of low EI (Emotional Intelligence)

· Finds others are to blame for most of the issues on his/her team

Signs of high EI (Emotional Intelligence)

· Handles criticism without: · Denial · Blame · Excuses

Emotional Intelligence

· Intellectual Intelligence: Ability to Learn about, Learn from and Understand · Emotional Intelligence: Ability to recognize and understand emotions in yourself and others AND your ability to use this awareness to manage your behavior and relationships.

Aspects of Emotional Intelligence

· Self Awareness is the ability to perceive your emotions at the moment and understand your tendencies across situations - it is good to understand yourself, the good and the bad- (Personal Competence) · Social Awareness is the ability to recognize others' emotions. Showing empathy enables you to have more positive relationships and minimize unproductive conflict. (Social competence-Relationship Management)

Narcissism

• Exploitativeness/Entitlement: I deserve respect, and insist you give it to me • Leadership/Authority: I love to be the center of attention • Superiority/Arrogance: I am better than others • Self-absorption/Self-Admiration: I truly am extraordinary and special

What are types of high degree EI

• Self-awareness, • Self-regulation, • Motivation, • Empathy and • Social skills,