Leadership and Management Principles

Hersey and colleagues identified three skills needed for leading or influencing workers. Identify three skills leaders must possess to influence people (select all that apply). a. Diagnosing b. Directing c. Adapting d. Communicating

a, c, d

The areas where leadership and management overlap are explained by which of the following statements (select all that apply)? a. Bring teams together. b. Spark innovation. c. Inspire a vision. d. Direct activities.

a, d

A situational leader can best be described by which of the following statements? a. This leader tailors his or her leadership style based on the employee, experience, and circumstances. b. This leader requires minimal participation and directing, resulting in high productivity. c. This leader is one who motivates employees to their full potential. d. This leader advances innovative changes and sustains good care delivery processes.

a.

Management is often described in three core roles. Select the statement that is true. a. Allocating resources, negotiating contracts, handling disturbances, and proposing new services are decision-making roles. b. Monitoring processes, disseminating guidelines, and motivating nurses in organizations, states, and nationally or internationally are interpersonal roles. c. Representing nurses, leading nurses, and associating information technologies are informational roles. d. Providing care, coordinating time for patients, and interacting with physicians, pharmacists, and clients are caregiving roles.

a.

Which is the statement that best defines management? a. A process of coordination and integration of resources through group activities of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling to accomplish specific institutional goals and objectives b. A process of planning and directing human effort to attain established objectives c. A process by which organizational goals are met through the use of the right resources d. A process of working with executives to allocate capital, technology, and equipment resources to accomplish organizational goals

a. The correct answer is communicating vision and strategy internally, translating vision into strategy, building effective teams, managing patient-centered customer focus, and managing conflict. While building effective teams, communication, and managing conflict are necessary skills, the steps to empowering workers are part of building teams and decision making is not unique to leadership roles. While managing conflict and sharing a vision with workers are important competencies, analyzing performance, guiding and empowering workers, and directing operations are often completed by nurses managing patient care. While focusing on the patient and customer, building effective teams, and managing conflict are skills, analyzing performance can be accomplished by many nurses as they are directing and guiding workers.

In one research-based model, which of the following behaviors were core to leadership success? a. Visioning, interactive planning, workload complexity analysis, interdisciplinary team building, work process analysis, stakeholder analysis, and trust b. Interdisciplinary team building, strategic planning, data mining, motivating workers, developing culture, and trust c. Analysis of process and outcomes, trust and honesty, performance management, continuous improvement, and communicating the vision d. Interdisciplinary team building, trust and honesty, motivating workers, performance management, analysis of processes and outcomes, stakeholder analysis, and strategic planning

a. The core behaviors critical to success are visioning, interactive planning, complexity analysis, interdisciplinary team building, work process analysis, and stakeholder analysis. Trust and honesty are behaviors expected within leaders. While interdisciplinary team building is core, the other activities (strategic planning, data mining, motivating workers, developing culture, performance management, continuous improvement, communicating the vision) were not identified in the research as critical to success.

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified five areas of management practice for leaders to attend to during turbulent times. Which of the following are included in those areas (select all that apply)? a. Maintaining and sustaining quality and safety in service delivery b. Balancing reliability and efficiency in service delivery c. Creating and sustaining a trustworthy, learning, and evidence-based organization d. Managing change through manager involvement and bi-directional communication

b, c

Five competencies were identified by nurse leaders in recent research. What are those competencies? a. Building effective teams, empowering workers, decision making, communicating, and managing conflict b. Communicating vision and strategy internally, translating vision into strategy, building effective teams, managing patient-centered customer focus, and managing conflict c. Managing conflict, analyzing performance, guiding and empowering workers, sharing a vision with workers, and directing operations d. Focusing on patient and customer, directing and guiding workers, building effective teams, managing conflict, and analyzing performance

b.

Nurse leaders must possess competency in five domains: (1) leadership, (2) communication and relationship management, (3) professionalism, (4) knowledge of the health care environment, and (5) business skills and principles. Which of the following statements best describes the domain of professionalism? a. Guiding, directing, teaching, and motivating to set and achieve goals b. An approach to an occupation that distinguishes it from being merely a job, focuses on service as the highest ideal, follows a code of ethics, and is seen as a lifetime commitment c. Coordination and integration of resources to accomplish specific goals d. Ethical fitness and moral courage form the backbone of making necessary and hard—but right and unpopular—decisions.

b.

The research of which team states that the leader needs to be flexible in behavior, able to diagnose the leadership style appropriate to the situation, and able to apply the appropriate style? a. Fiedler's contingency model b. Hersey and Blanchard's model c. Blake and Mouton's attitudinal model d. Ohio State model

b.

Effective leadership is exemplified by values, confidence in employees, and a sense of security in the face of uncertainty. This aspect of leadership is known as: a. relationship management. b. self-awareness. c. social awareness. d. self-management.

b. Self-awareness is the ability to know one's own emotional state and be aware of how mood and actions affect relationships, while having confidence in others and comfort in dealing with uncertainty. This aspect of self-awareness is crucial to effective leadership.

Great leaders possess four essential skills. Identify two statements that describe those skills (select all that apply). a. Great leaders possess popularity to establish followers to engage. b. Great leaders are visible, set examples, and share responsibility. c. Great leaders possess a sense of integrity with a distinctive and compelling vocal tone to engage others in shared meaning. d. Great leaders possess a combination of hardiness and the ability to grasp context, called "adaptive capacity."

c, d

The difference between the focus of managers and leaders is best described by which one of the following statements? a. The processes and strategies look similar and are employed for different goals. b. The manager focuses on people, and the leader focuses on systems and structure. c. The manager focuses on systems and structure, and the leader focuses on people. d. Management and leadership are not equally important processes to accomplish outcomes.

c.

Which process best describes leadership? a. Giving people the authority, responsibility, and freedom to act on their expert knowledge and skills b. Planning, organizing, coordinating, directing, and controlling resources to accomplish specific institutional goals c. Influencing behavior of either an individual or a group in an effort to achieve goals in a given situation d. Working with and through individuals and groups and other capital and technology resources to accomplish organizational goals

c.

Principles of leadership and management are best described by which of the following statements? a. Followership is a process whereby leaders participate in group decisions. b. Empowerment is the ability to lead a group successfully. c. Important skills for leading include diagnosing, adapting, and directing. d. Critical skills in leadership are interpersonal, decision making, and problem finding and solving.

d.

Nurses who challenge assumptions, consolidate a purpose, build the culture, and move a vision forward are more likely within which role? a. Nurses b. Nurse managers c. Clinical nurse leaders d. Nurse executives

d. The nurse executives are positioned to challenge assumptions, consolidate a purpose, build the culture of safety and quality, and move a vision forward. Nurses coordinate and deliver health services. Nurse managers coordinate and integrate human, fiscal, and other nursing resources to accomplish nursing practice with 24-hour accountability for client care units or areas. Clinical nurse leaders guide other nurses through process, measurement, and document changes.

Which management theory's principle is to consider the situation and all elements when making a management decision? a. Complexity theory b. Chaos theory c. Systems theory d. Contingency theory

d. The principle of contingency theory is that managers need to consider the situation and all its elements when making a decision.