Leadership Ch 7-17

In order to best ensure client safety, which of the following questions should a staff nurse ask first when determining whether to accept a client assignment that is made when several staff members have reported off sick? A. "Do I have the experience and knowledge to care for these patients?" B. "Is this a staffing crisis or a result of typical staffing patterns?" C. "Can I expect to be mandated to stay an additional shift?" D. "How long will it be before I get additional help?"

"Do I have the experience and knowledge to care for these patients?" Although all these questions can help the staff nurse think critically about accepting the assignment, initially the important question is whether the nurse possesses the experience, skills, and knowledge necessary to safely provide appropriate care for the clients she is asked to care for.

Which of the following is the best example of a situation where a nurse could demonstrate workforce advocacy? A. A client wishes to become an organ donor in spite of family opposition. B. A client feels pressured by a health care provider into agreeing to a specific medical procedure. C. A nurse volunteers time to participate in a fund raiser to provide toys for a hospital's pediatric unit. D. Staff on a particular unit feel that the nurse manager is showing favoritism when granting vacation time.

A client feels pressured by a health care provider into agreeing to a specific medical procedure. Nurses' strong concern and commitment to patient care and their role as patient advocates often place them in direct conflict with those who have more control, such as physicians and health care administrators. How a nurse reacts to such conflicts within the workplace and continues to advocate to improve patient care is a necessary focus for the profession—a focus called workforce advocacy. Volunteering time to provide funds for toys shows an interest in the client's welfare but is not as strongly related to client care. Advocacy for a client wishing to become an organ donor is an example of patient advocacy. The issue of fair management in this situation does not involve client care.

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates a nurse engaging in value clarification? A. A client is reassured by the nurse who states, "I will stay with you as long as you want." Incorrect B. A novice nurse regularly asks a veteran nurse, "What would you do if you were in my place?" C. A nurse reflects on the question, "What would be important to me if I was told my cancer was terminal?" D. When a client asks for advice, the nurse responds, "What can I do to help you make this decision?"

A nurse reflects on the question, "What would be important to me if I was told my cancer was terminal?" The process of values clarification attempts to examine the values one holds and how each of those values functions as part of a whole. Nurses must acknowledge their own values by considering how they would act in a particular situation. Reassuring the client is a means of providing emotional support. Asking the advice of a more experienced nurse is an example of role modeling. Asking clients what they need to achieve their goals is a way to encourage autonomy and independence.

What statement most effectively defines what a budget is? A. Amount spent on items that have value to the working of an organization in the delivery of care and services B. A plan for the distribution of the organization's resources and a control for making sure that results support that plan C. A 12-month period used for calculating an annual report to explain expenses and project needs regarding the delivery of services D. A document that typically includes direct payment for hours worked, benefits received, and taxes paid by employees.

A plan for the distribution of the organization's resources and a control for making sure that results support that plan A financial plan for the allocation of the organization's resources and a control for ensuring that results comply with the plan is referred to as a budget.Capital expenditures are the amount spent on items that will have long-term (greater than 1 year) value to an organization. A fiscal year is a 12-month period used for calculating annual (yearly) financial reports. A salaries, wages, and benefits (SWB) document describes payment for hours worked, benefits received, and taxes paid by employees.

Which activity demonstrates the organizational Chaos Theory? A. Preparing the yearly unit budget B. Planning for unexpected staffing shortages C. Preparing a rubric to guide staff performance reviews D. Setting unit goals related to quality control of client care

Planning for unexpected staffing shortages The Chaos Theory suggests that a degree of order can be attained by viewing complicated behaviors and unpredictable situations as predictable by planning for them. The other options are not considered unpredictable.

Which skill is most important for a nurse to possess when attempting to exercise or earn informal power within an organization? A. Ability to persuade others B. Expert level nursing knowledge C. Understanding of management goals D. Willingness to compromise with everyone on the team

Ability to persuade others Informal leadership is exercised by the person who has no official or appointed authority to act, but is able to persuade and influence others. The informal leader may have considerable power in the work group and can influence the group's attitude and significantly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of workflow, goal setting, and problem solving. The other options represent skills that either relate to actual nursing care (expert nursing knowledge and cooperation) or management (goals).

Which nursing action best complies with the expectations for nursing care defined by the "never events" identified by the 2012 Rules of Participation for Hospitals? A. Requiring all unlicensed nursing personal to attend shift reports B. Providing care when convenient for the client whenever possible C. Attending an in-service on evidence-based practice on urinary catheter care D. Reporting suspected elder abuse to the nursing manager immediately

Attending an in-service on evidence-based practice on urinary catheter care Nurses are required to develop greater expertise in the provision of evidence-based patient care, case management, and discharge planning in order to avoid "never events." Although the other options are appropriate nursing actions, they are not related to "never events"; hospital-acquired conditions are considered reasonably preventable.

Which nursing intervention has the greatest impact on health care cost for an elderly client diagnosed with end-stage renal failure and diabetes mellitus? A. Discharge planning that focuses on early signs of relapses in chronic conditions B. Requesting a social service consult to assess the client's financial status C. Ensuring that the client has sufficient in-home care D. Advocating for the client's right to request do not resuscitate status

Discharge planning that focuses on early signs of relapses in chronic conditions As discharge advocates, nurses can ensure appropriate discharge instructions and proper follow-up—especially for patients with one or more chronic conditions—to reduce costly readmissions to the hospital and significantly reduce costs. The other options are directed towards quality of life.

Which scenario demonstrates the preconventional level of moral development? A. Driving within the speed limit in order to avoid getting a speeding ticket B. Opening the door for an elderly woman to show her respect C. Anonymously providing money to a homeless shelter D. Cleaning up the kitchen to make your mother happy

Driving within the speed limit in order to avoid getting a speeding ticket Moral decisions made at this level (preconventional) are simply a response to some threat of punishment. Acting out of respect or a desire to please demonstrates the conventional level, where behavior is less self-centered. Anonymously doing good is an example of the postconventional level, where motives are beyond issues of authority or reverence.

Acceptance of others regardless of their cultural background is referred to as: A. respect. B. tolerance. C. stereotyping. D. enculturation.

tolerance Tolerance reflects an attitude that accepts differences. Respect is a demonstration of the inherent worth of the individual, regardless of differences. Stereotyping involves assigning certain beliefs and behaviors to an entire group without considering individual differences. Enculturation is the adaptation to another culture's rituals, values, and beliefs

According to the definition, which word best describes leadership? A. Allocate B. Influence C. Evaluate D. Control

Influence Leadership is the ability to guide or influence others. The other words are more applicable to the supervision of resources.

A nurse manager will likely have which of the following types of power? A. Referent B. Informal C. Legitimate D. Connection

Legitimate Legitimate power is based on an official position in the organization. Through legitimate power, the manager has the right to influence staff members, and staff members have an obligation to accept that influence. Although a manager may have the other types of power, they are not a result of the management position alone.

Based on current trends, which nursing care environment has the greatest employment potential for new nurses? A. Long-term care facilities B. Hospital emergency departments C. Pre- and postsurgical departments D. Primary health care provider practices

Long-term care facilities Employment will not grow at the same rate in every setting—hospital employment will grow more slowly because many procedures and care are shifting to outpatient and home health settings, more sophisticated procedures can safely be done outside the hospital, and home health and long-term care facilities will see employment growth due to the aging population. The other options are more traditional environments and so are not as likely to show increased employment growth.

Which hospital-wide policy would best address the nurse's negative view of job satisfaction? A. Making it possible to earn additional personal leave time based on their absentee records B. Providing a dedicated parking area close to the hospital for nursing staff C. Instituting biannual staff recognition days that include a free meal in the cafeteria D. Providing security backup when there is a perceived sense of workplace violence

Making it possible to earn additional personal leave time based on their absentee records RNs are generally satisfied with their jobs when hospital administrators emphasize quality of patient care; recognize the importance of their personal and family lives; and provide nurses with satisfying salary and benefits, high job security, and positive relationships with other nurses and with management. The other policies may appeal to groups of nurses, but they are not directed towards any of the major job satisfaction indicators.

When an unemployed, blind adult requires medical treatment but cannot afford the services, the nurse suggests that the client is possibly eligible for: A. Medicare. B. Medicaid. C. private insurance. D. point of service (POS) insurance.

Medicaid. Medicaid is a federally funded insurance plan for low-income persons who are aged, blind, disabled, or for certain families with dependent children. Medicare is a federal health insurance plan for Americans 65 years of age and older. POS and other private pay insurances require the insured individual contribute to the payment of the services.

A never event has a negative impact on the cost of health care because: A. Insurance companies are reluctant to reimburse hospitals for such care B. Medicare will no longer pay for client care that result from such events C. The cost of such care significantly increases the cost to the client's copay D. They are directly related to the client's noncompliance with prescribed care

Medicare will no longer pay for client care that result from such events As advocates for patient safety, nurses can have a significant effect on the hospital's bottom line by preventing hospital-acquired conditions such as injuries from falls and hospital-acquired infections. Hospitals are no longer paid by Medicare for the cost of treating specified medical errors, commonly referred to as never events, which are largely preventable and have serious consequences for patients.

Which of the following activities engaged in by a nurse manager would be expected to have the greatest impact on patient care? A. Role modeling effective communication between all levels of staff B. Conducting a survey to identify factors affecting staff job satisfaction C. Providing all nursing staff with opportunities to influence unit policies D. Providing all staff members with written copies of organizational policies

Role modeling effective communication between all levels of staff Positive role modeling is an effective tool the nurse can use to create a positive team spirit and promote high-quality patient care. Positive role modeling simply means that the nurse performs the job in such a way that he or she demonstrates ideal performance as a professional nurse; others hopefully will follow the example. The other options are more related to the working climate and control of staff performance.

Normally, by what developmental milestone is a person expected to have learned there are consequences for making bad decisions? A. Toddler B. School age C. Middle teens D. Late teens

School age By the time children reach school age, they have learned that behavior has consequences and that good behavior is associated with rewards and bad behavior with punishment. Through their experiences and social interactions with people outside their home or immediate surroundings, school-age children begin to make choices about how they will act based on an understanding of good and bad. A toddler begins to model ethical behaviors but does not have the ability to comprehend those behaviors. It is problematic psychologically if an individual has not learned or is incapable of learning right from wrong by one's middle to late teens.

Which agency should be contacted during the preparedness phase to help provide guidance in putting into place a plan to ensure all involved agencies work flawlessly during a disaster? A. Disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) B. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Incorrect C. The National Incident Management System (NIMS) D. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

The National Incident Management System (NIMS) NIMS provides a systematic proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, as well as nongovernmental organizations and the private sector, to work seamlessly during disaster situations. The CDC host a Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) that has large quantities of medicine and medical supplies to protect the American public if there is a public health emergency severe enough to cause local supplies to be depleted. DMATs are regionally organized teams consisting of physicians, nurses, and other health care providers that can be sent into areas outside their own regions to assist in providing care for ill or injured victims at the location of a disaster or emergency. FEMA coordinates federal support in the case of disasters.

Which cost would be considered an indirect cost to the delivery of maternity care at an acute care hospital? A. The cost of maintaining a security system to protect against abductions B. The cost of antibiotics given to newborns on the unit C. The cost of nursing salaries to ensure adequate staffing D. The cost of replacement linens

The cost of maintaining a security system to protect against abductions Costs that are incurred as a result of the organization's operating expenses but are not directly related to providing the unit-of-service (such as the cost of security systems) are referred to as indirect costs. Direct costs such as medications, supplies, and salaries vary with changes in client census and can be traced directly to the production of the unit-of-service.

Which of the following situations fails to meet the criteria for establishing nursing negligence or malpractice? A. A nurse comes to work under the influence of alcohol. B. The nurse leaves a client's bed in the raised position, resulting in a fall. C. The nurse fails repeatedly to document a client's response to pain medication. D. A nurse assigns first-time ambulation of a postop client to an aide and the client falls.

The nurse fails repeatedly to document a client's response to pain medication. The criteria require that the nurse-client contract be broken such as the alcohol scenario or preventable injury to the client as a result of the failure to follow good nursing practice. While failing to document is not acceptable practice, it would not be considered either malpractice or negligence unless the omission resulted in patient injury.

Supported by current research, which client is the best candidate to experience the benefits of acupuncture? A. The middle-aged adult client experiencing acute depression B. The elderly client demonstrating early signs of dementia C. The teenager who is diagnosed with Crohn disease D. The young adult client who is addicted to nicotine

The young adult client who is addicted to nicotine Pain relief is the most common reason people seek acupuncture treatment, and research supports its effectiveness for this problem. The use of acupuncture for dental pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting also has been supported by research. There is some evidence that acupuncture can be of help for nicotine withdrawal, asthma, stroke rehabilitation, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Which statement about racially or ethnically diverse populations is true? A. They are generally ill prepared to accept American values and beliefs. B. Language is a barrier that usually takes generations to overcome. C. They are often members of the lower socioeconomic class. D. Education is seldom a priority for these immigrants.

They are often members of the lower socioeconomic class Most families with racially or ethnically diverse backgrounds have a lower socioeconomic status than that of the population at large. There is no consistent evidence that these populations are generally unable to assume the American way of life. Although language can be a barrier, there is no evidence that this population is incapable of overcoming this obstacle in a reasonable amount of time, especially when given support to do so. Education of the youth is often a priority for this population.

Which nursing action is seen during the relief response phase of a disaster? A. Helping to identify public buildings that can serve as medical treatment centers B. Triaging patients brought to emergency treatment locations C. Assessing the community's potential for disaster D. Identifying possible storage facilities for needed resources

Triaging patients brought to emergency treatment locations The relief response phase requires the interaction of emergency responders to be able to triage and provide assistance to the victims and stabilize the scene. The preparedness phase would require the other options.

Which question should the nurse manager ask when setting budget assumptions as a part of developing the yearly budget? A. What are the stated goals for the operational units to be included in the budget? B. How will the budget best support the achievement of the organization's goals? C. What salary range should be considered in order to attract high-quality nurses? D. What are the projected revenue predictions for this budget period?

What salary range should be considered in order to attract high-quality nurses? Budget assumptions address issues that affect the future performance of the organization and address questions such as what salary ranges are necessary to attract high-quality nurses in a certain area. Goals, whether institutional or for the operational unit, would be part of the review of the organizational strategic plan. Projected revenues are considered after setting budget assumptions.

In what situation may a nurse deliver care that is not considered at the level of required standard of care? A. When directly ordered to do so by a physician B. When the nursing area is considered understaffed C. When the situation is determined to be an emergency D. When the client refuses care that would meet the standard of care.

When the situation is determined to be an emergency Nursing care rendered in a life-threatening emergency may breach the standard of care required under ordinary circumstances. The nurse may not knowingly provide substandard care even when ordered to do so by medical staff. Understaffing is not an acceptable reason for substandard care nor is a client's refusal to consent.

An example of a member of a marginalized population would include: A. a homeless lesbian. B. a diabetic Hispanic. C. a schizophrenic Native American. D. a blind African American.

a homeless lesbian Marginalized individuals are those who live on the periphery of society often because they are stigmatized by society. Such populations would include the homeless and homosexuals. Although Hispanics, Native Americans, and Africna Americans are considered minorities by the federal government, they are not by their ethnicity considered marginalized

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) projects that within the next 10 years: A. Medicare will be unable to provide care for America's elderly citizens. B. adequate health care will be cost prohibitive for most Americans. C. all Americans will have health care insurance available to them. D. the need for health care reform will no longer exist.

all Americans will have health care insurance available to them. On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In its broadest view, the PPACA is the plan for a comprehensive national health insurance program to provide funding for U.S. citizens and legal residents to secure health insurance beyond the current programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. The other statements are not addressed by the PPACA.

A nurse preserves a client's right to autonomy by: A. answering a client's questions about his prognosis truthfully. B. answering a client's questions so he can make an informed decision. C. providing medication to a trauma victim in a timely, appropriate manner. D. providing pain medication only after a needed surgical consent has been obtained.

answering a client's questions so he can make an informed decision. Autonomy is the preservation of a person's right to make his or her own decisions such as in the case of informed consent. Veracity is truthfulness even when the truth may cause the patient emotional pain. Beneficence is demonstrated in doing good, such as when providing pain relief. Nonmaleficence is often ethically challenging, as in the case of withholding pain medication until a necessary consent is obtained.

Legally, nurses who perform charge nurse duties in a hospital that is unionized are considered: A. as management and not protected by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). B. on a case-by-case basis regarding the protection they receive from the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). C. as ineligible for membership if employed on units that engage in direct patient care. D. as fulfilling long-established nursing roles and so are protected by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

as fulfilling long-established nursing roles and so are protected by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). In 1997 the court ruled that RNs who performed charge nurse duties were not management and therefore were eligible for collective bargaining protection. The other options are not true.

The initial nursing action to effectively and properly incorporate complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into the nursing care of clients is to: A. assess the client for belief in and use of CAM practices and products. B. plan for the use of appropriate CAM practices and products in the client's plan of care. C. educate clients to the possible side effects of any CAM products they are currently using. D. discuss the use of any CAM product the client is using with their primary health care provider.

assess the client for belief in and use of CAM practices and products. Nurses need to integrate CAM into their nursing practice. This begins during the assessment process by exploring clients' use of CAM practices and products. The nursing process begins with assessment and then progresses through planning, implementation, and evaluation. Consultation with the primary health provider cannot occur until the assessment is done and the necessary information regarding the current use of CAM therapies and products has been identified.

An important change that point-of-care technology has required of nurses regarding their clinical care of patients is: A. knowing where to access necessary information. B. becoming proficient users of the electronic tools available to them. C. relying less on technology and more on memorization of client data. D. being skills proficient while allowing technology to provide the knowledge.

becoming proficient users of the electronic tools available to them. Nursing today requires understanding and skill related to the variety of technological resources available to the nurse. Point-of-care technology is an essential component of nursing practice as it moves from practice that relies on memory to one that emphasizes continuous use of resources as they are needed. This means that nurses must transform from being technical experts to knowledge workers and rely on the ever-increasing and reliable computer memory versus the overburdened and fallible human memory.

When the administration and nursing staff are unable to agree upon how to manage a specific patient care problem, the compromise may be arrived at by a process called: A. collective bargaining. B. binding arbitration. C. sympathy striking. D. secret balloting.

binding arbitration. Arbitration is the method used for formal talks between management and labor with the purpose of arriving at a compromise. Binding arbitration means that all parties must obey the arbitrator's recommendations. Collective bargaining requires the formation of a union to represent the workers in acquiring a share of power over decision making. Sympathy striking occurs when one union stops working to show support for another union. Secret balloting is used to provide anonymity during the voting process.

When a client reports regularly drinking green tea, the nurse primarily focuses on: A. the possibility that the client is attempting to manage short-term memory loss. B. instructing the client to drink the green tea in combination with food. C. educating the client that such herbs should not be taken long term. D. assessing the client for possible allergies to ragweed.

educating the client that such herbs should not be taken long term. There have been some case reports of liver problems and although these cases are very rare and the evidence is not definitive, experts suggest that concentrated green tea extracts be taken with food and that people should discontinue use and consult a heath care practitioner if they have a liver disorder or develop symptoms of liver trouble. Echinacea should be used only on a short-term basis and can trigger reactions in those who have an allergy to plants in the daisy family (such as ragweed). Although there is no current research to support it, ginkgo biloba is believed by some to have properties that increase brain circulation and so improve cognitive performance such as memory.

Prior to 1974, a significant number of nurses were ineligible to form a union because they were: A. female. B. licensed professionals. C. considered service providers. D. employed by not-for-profit hospitals.

employed by not-for-profit hospitals. Prior to 1974 federal legislation, employees of non-profit companies like many hospitals were not protected under the National Labor Relations Board (NLRA) and therefore were not legally protected nor allowed to form unions. The other options were not factors in that situation.

The public's right to expect to receive treatment that meets the standards of nursing care is protected by: A. state law. B. federal law. C. reporting law. D. common law.

federal law Federal laws have a major effect on nursing practice, mandating a minimal standard of care in all health care settings that receive federal funds. Nursing practice is governed by state laws that delineate the conduct of licensed nurses and define behaviors of all health care professionals in promoting public health and welfare. Some states have enacted statutes that mandate nurses to report unsafe, illegal, or unethical practices of nursing colleagues or physicians. Common law is created through cases heard and decided in federal and state appellate courts. Throughout the years, judge-made law regarding nursing practice has accumulated in the form of written opinions.

A client who insists on leaving the hospital against medical advice (AMA) after being properly advised signs the necessary form. In order to avoid legal consequences regarding the client's decision, the nurse should: A. objectively document all the details of the situation thoroughly but concisely in the client's medical record. B. notify the nursing supervisor of the client's decision and that all reasonable efforts were made to dissuade the client from leaving. C. have a member of the security staff escort the client off the facility's property and into their private vehicle or public transportation D. with the client's permission notify a contact person that the client is leaving the hospital against medical advice.

objectively document all the details of the situation thoroughly but concisely in the client's medical record. Almost all health care facilities have an AMA form that patients are asked to sign when they decide to refuse or discontinue ordered therapy or intend to leave the facility. The value of the document in countering a claim of negligence should the patient or family later sue will depend in great part on the quality of the nurse's charting. Although the other options may be correct procedures, they are not directed towards protecting the nurse legally.

The pivotal factor that makes an event a disaster is that it: A. occurs in highly populated areas. B. overwhelms the local resources. C. is a result of natural forces. D. is caused by human error or neglect.

overwhelms the local resources A disaster condition is defined as a significant natural disaster or man-made event that overwhelms the affected state and necessitates both federal public health and medical care assistance. Neither the location nor cause is a factor in determining an event as a disaster.

In general the primary factor in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the individual's: A. access to health care services and products. B. reduction in the cost of health care. C. personal beliefs and values regarding health care. D. resistance to the practices of Western health care.

personal beliefs and values regarding health care CAM practices and products are consistent with the values, beliefs, and philosophic orientations toward health held by many people. Although the other options may be factors affecting health care choices, they are less relevant to attitudes about CAM practices than are the individual's values and beliefs.

To best ensure effective use of point-of-care advance technologies in the future: A. the cost of health care technologies must be within the reach of all health care delivery facilities. B. potential clients must be well educated concerning the use and reliability of health care technologies. C. additional monies must be dedicated to research and development of such health care-related tools. D. health promotion and illness prevention programs must embrace technology in order to reach more clients.

potential clients must be well educated concerning the use and reliability of health care technologies. Although some clients trust technology, others do not and may be reluctant to accept care that is driven by technology. Their fears and concerns must be addressed in order for new, more advanced technologies to be accepted and utilized to their fullest. The other options, while true, do not have as great an impact as client acceptance on the use of future technologies.

A personal decision to withhold information is considered the right to: A. privacy B. security. C. confidentiality. D. informed consent.

privacy Privacy refers to the right of an individual to keep information about himself or herself from being disclosed to anyone else. Confidentiality refers to the act of limiting disclosure of private matters. Informed consent is the right to have all pertinent information before making a decision. Security refers to the means to control access and protect information from accidental or intentional disclosure to unauthorized persons and from alteration, destruction, or loss.

In order to preserve the health care of its citizens, some states: A. completely ban nurses from forming unions. B. prohibit hospital-based unions to legally strike. C. allow hospital to employ nonunion nurses during a strike. D. require hospitals to terminate care delivery during union strikes.

prohibit hospital-based unions to legally strike. In some states, collective bargaining contracts may contain "no strike" clauses prohibiting the collective bargaining unit from having the power to strike. Binding arbitration is usually implemented to settle disputes. The right to form a union is ensured by federal law. Terminating care delivery and utilization of nonunion staff is seldom considered but would be a decision arrived at by hospital administrators.

When hospitals receive payment for services based on the pay-for-performance model, the nurses' role is to: A. provide client care that helps ensure positive health outcomes. B. minimize the amount of time clients spend in the hospital. C. maximize the positive effect of rehabilitative services. D. act as the client's advocate.

provide client care that helps ensure positive health outcomes. Nurses are at the center of helping hospitals and other health care organizations successfully manage these new payment mechanisms (pay-for-performance and newer events) by ensuring that health outcomes are achieved and errors are prevented. Although the remaining options are all appropriate nursing actions, they are not related to pay-for-performance reimbursement.

The purpose of the required 10 notice of a nursing union's intent to strike is to: A. assure hospital administration of the seriousness of the nurses' concerns. B. be in accordance with the laws governing union strikes. C. provide time for hospitals to plan for effective patient care. D. arrange for nonunion nursing staff to fill the strikers' care-giving roles.

provide time for hospitals to plan for effective patient care. Nursing is a trusted profession. In order to safeguard nursing's image and allow for hospitals to react effectively in safeguarding patient care, a 10-day notice of intent to strike is required. The other options are not the focus of this 10-day notice.

A nursing school best demonstrates an understanding of strategies that support recruitment of minority nursing students when it: A. arranges for campus housing for all minority students. B. offers a number of scholarships reserved for minority students. C. offers remediation to those for whom English is a second language. D. provides same-culture mentors from among faculty and student populations.

provides same-culture mentors from among faculty and student populations. Strategies such as mentoring by a same-culture professional are effective in recruiting and retaining minorities in nursing because this provides both role models and culturally sensitive support. Although the other options may provide support, they do not have the impact provided by same-culture mentoring.

An example of nursing's influence on outcome management through consumer empowerment would include: A. encouraging an elderly client to get both flu and pneumonia shots. B. witnessing the signing of an organ donation form by an elderly, terminally ill client. C. ambulating a postsurgical client in order to minimize the risk of developing pneumonia. D. providing a postsurgical client with education regarding the early signs of incisional infection.

providing a postsurgical client with education regarding the early signs of incisional infection. Educating the client regarding possible complications and so making early identification of such problems possible will positively affect care outcomes and help manage health care costs for this client. Although the other options are appropriate nursing interventions, they are not directed towards consumer empowerment.

Cultural humility is achieved through: A. embracing the cultures of others. B. regular self-evaluation of biases. C. tolerance of the cultural diverse. D. caring for the culturally diverse.

regular self-evaluation of biases. We can all aspire to achieve cultural humility, which incorporates a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique. The other options will have little impact without effective self-evaluation.

The most effective way to assess the accuracy of information obtained from the Internet is to: A. rely on just a few sites that you are familiar with and well known. B. concentrate on .org and .com sites when searching for objective information. C. research several different sources while comparing the information for similarities. D. check that the website is frequently updated and the information is less than 5 years old.

research several different sources while comparing the information for similarities. Determine whether the information is accurate by looking for documentation and referencing. Compare information on the website with information from other sources. Review links that go from the website to other Internet resources. Ensure that the links are going to high-quality resources. Currency is better ensured on websites that are frequently updated with information that is less than 5 years old. It is restrictive to rely on only a few familiar sites, especially if they are related to commercial (.com) organizations.

In the clinical setting an example of the meaningful use of electronic health records that has greatest impact on the delivery of care would include the nurse: A. reviewing physical therapy notes before attending a patient's interprofessional care team meeting. B. logging off the computer when called to help another nurse with a patient's wound change. C. stressing the importance of not sharing login passwords with new staff members. D. explaining to a client's family that all client information is kept confidential.

reviewing physical therapy notes before attending a patient's interprofessional care team meeting. Improved care coordination is one of the five priorities established as meaningful use standards. Sharing information between interprofessional health care team members would demonstrate that priority. The other options focus on confidentiality, which, while important, is not restricted for the clinical setting.

A nurse demonstrates client-centered altruism when: A. reporting a nurse who has reported to work impaired by alcohol or drugs. B. making sure the client receives all medications on time and as prescribed. C. advocating for a client whose mental illness causes him to be a target of bullies. D. spending time each evening with a client who has expressed feelings of sadness and loneliness.

spending time each evening with a client who has expressed feelings of sadness and loneliness. Altruism is showing true concern for the welfare of another: giving a lonely client individualized, personal attention demonstrates altruism. Reporting an impaired nurse and advocating for a client are examples of social justice. Providing appropriate nursing care is a nursing responsibility.

The principles commonly held by advocates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) do not include the belief that: A. the body has the capability to repair itself. B. harmony in mind, body, and spirit is required for health. C. a person has an obligation and right to manage his or her own healing. D. standard protocols are the basis for most CAM health and healing practices.

standard protocols are the basis for most CAM health and healing practices. Practitioners of healing therapies explore the underlying cause of a problem and customize approaches accordingly. It is rare in CAM to find a standing protocol that treats everyone with similar conditions alike. The other options are statements that represent common principles (beliefs) held by practitioners of CAM therapies.

Starting in the 1960s, the rapid introduction of technically advanced health care diagnostics and treatment procedures contributed negatively to: A. the speed with which health care services could be delivered. B. the public's view of health care delivery systems. C. the research into new health care technologies. D. the cost of health care services.

the cost of health care services. The negative result of such innovations was overuse of health services and rapid cost inflation for health care services.

In cases of natural disasters, nurses need to be prepared to handle clinical situations that result from: A. the lack of electrical power. B. inadequate care provided by first responders. C. poor cooperation between care delivery systems. D. the severity of the injuries sustained by the clients

the lack of electrical power. In the case of natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, and blizzards, staff needs to be prepared to cope with power outages and damage to the institution. The other options are not clinical and are rarely seen when preparations are well planned.

In the case of a terrorist attack that employs an explosive agent, medical personnel including first responders must be prepared to manage numerous victims with: A. acute poisoning. B. thermal burns. C. shrapnel injuries. D. contamination risks.

thermal burns. Explosive agents are capable of producing high degrees of temperature resulting in damaging thermal burns. Chemical and biological agents often require decontamination because of the risk of contamination of others. Radioactive agents can result in acute poisoning while nuclear explosions have a high risk of shrapnel injuries.

In order to best address workplace satisfaction among its nursing staff, a hospital's administration provides: A. a yearly salary raise. B. tuition reimbursement. C. additional vacation time. D. an extra 15-minute break per shift.

tuition reimbursement. Areas that have been identified as affecting nursing satisfaction include: 1) opportunities to influence decisions about workplace organization; 2) recognition of accomplishments and work well done; 3) opportunities for professional development and advancement; and 4) opportunities to influence decisions about patient care. Tuition reimbursement would meet the interest in professional development of many nurses. Although the other options are considered favorable gestures, they do not address the identified factors.