Leadership Ch.1

Extent to which followers are engaged in work

-Active followers; self-starters who take initiative for themselves -passive followers; may even dodge responsibility and need constant supervision

Followers described in terms of two broad dimensions

-independent, critical thinking; think for themselves, offer constructive advice or even creative solutions -dependent, uncritical thinking need to be told what to do

Leadership

A complex phenomenon involving the leader, followers, and the situation. "the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals"

Academic tradition (of leadership literature)

Articles that use data and statistical techniques to make inferences about effective leadership. -Research based. -Written more for leadership researchers than practitioners.

Troubadour tradition (of leadership literature)

Books and articles often consisting of nothing more than the opinions or score-settling reminiscences of former leaders. -Difficult to separate fact from fiction.

Heroic view

DISCREDITED Leadership is a general personal trait expressed independently of the situation in which the leadership is manifested.

Interactional framework

Depicts leadership as a function of three elements; the leader, the followers, and the situation. Also says, a particular leadership scenario can be examined using each level of analysis separately. -Leadership is the result of a complex set of interactions among the leader, the followers, and the situation.

Interactive Leadership

Enhancing others' self-worth and believing that the best performance results when people are excited about their work and feel good about themselves.

Followership

Leadership is a social influence process shared among all members of a group, Leadership is not restricted to the influence exerted by someone in a particular position or role; followers are part of the leadership process too.

Managers vs. Leaders

M administer; L innovate M maintain; L develop M control; L inspire M have short-term view; L long-term M ask how and when; L ask what and why M imitate; L originate M accept status quo; L challenge it

Followers

Norms, Values, cohesiveness, etc.

Leader

Personality, position, expertise, etc.

Situation

Task, stress, environment, etc.

Important aspects of a leader

Temperament (calm or prone to emotional outbursts) How he/she achieved leader status (more loyalty when elected or emerge by consensus from ranks of followers) Experience or history in particular organization Extent to which followers participated in leaders selection What kind of support a leader has from his own boss (reluctancy/likeliness of taking complaints to higher levels)

In-group

The subordinates who share a high degree of mutual influence and attraction with the leader. -Can be distinguished by their high degree of loyalty, commitment, and trust felt toward the leader. Others belong to the out-group.

Interactions

We can understand the process even better if we also examine the interactions among the three elements represented by the overlapping areas in the figure.

Being able to ____ may be the greatest single contribution a formal course in leadership can give you.

analyze your experiences from multiple perspectives

Situation in leadership

can refer to anything from the specific task a group is engaged in to broad situational contexts. Complex.

Leaders are thought to do the right things, whereas managers are thought to...

do things right.

Management suggests words like...

efficiency, planning, paperwork, procedures, regulations, control, and consistency.

Glass cliff

female candidates for an executive position are more likely to be hired than equally qualified male candidates when an organizations performance is declining. May reflect greater willingness to put women in precarious positions or increased willingness to take some chances when nothing else is working.

Important aspects of followers

followers' expectations, personality traits, maturity levels, levels of confidence, and motivation affect the leadership process

Leadership suggests words like...

risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change, and vision.