Leadership development midterm
Which of the following is not one of the classifications for a definition of leadership?
An artistic process
Which scholar(s) created the leadership grid?
Blake and Mouton
Select the work experiences that contribute to leaders' knowledge and skills
Challenging assignments, hands-on experience, mentoring
Which of these is not a competency
Cognitive ability
You have recently been made a department head of the new regional office. In getting to know your departmental staff, you have noticed that one of your inexperienced employees is not following through on assigned tasks. She is enthused about her new job and wants to get ahead in the organization. Which alternative represents the most effective leadership style for this situation?
Define the steps necessary to complete the assigned task and monitor her performance frequently (s1)
An individual perceived by other group members as influential can only be an assigned leader, not an emergent one.
False
Motivation and personality fall within the competencies component of Mumford's skills model.
False
Which of the following attributes begins to decline in later adulthood?
General cognitive ability
A low LPC leader would perform best in which of the following situations?
Good leader-member relations, high structure, strong power
Bill is in charge of hiring a new manager for the first shift on the production line. According to Katz' model, Bill should be looking for a person with which of the following types of skills?
Human and technical skills
Which of the following is not a subordinate benefit of high LMX?
Increased relational communication
In the skills model, crystallized knowledge refers to which of the following?
Intellectual ability acquired over time
Select all of the traits that are associated with effective leadership
Intelligence, sociability, self-confidence
Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: Researchers agree that leadership
Is influenced by the situation
Select all the disadvantages of LMX theory
It discriminates against some subordinates, it runs counter to the human value of fairness
Select all of the options that correctly describe the trait approach.
It emphasized leader personality
Select all of the options which represent strength of the trait approach
It is intuitively appealing, a century of research backs it up, it emphasized the leader in the leadership process
Jim is a manager of a Wendy's. He is very concerned with efficiency and with making employees happy. Which of the following is true of Jim?
Jim is a high-high style leader
Select all the options that path-goal theory suggest
Leaders should help subordinates around their difficulties by removing obstacles. Task and subordinate characteristics affect leadership effectiveness. Subordinates with an external locus of control should be directed.
Select all options that accurately describe what directive leadership does
Provides performance standards
Select the behavior that social intelligence includes
Self-monitoring, appropriate public behavior
Select all of the traits associated with charismatic leadership
Self-monitoring, impression management
Select all of the options that correctly describe trait research
Shows that successful leaders tend to have certain identified traits
What can an organization use contingency theory to do
Suggest changes to make in a lower-level position for a good manager-worker fit, tell whether a leader will work well in a new situation
Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: Defining leadership as a process means that
The leader affects and is affected by followers - it is transactional event
Jim is a district manager of Wendy's West Michigan. When he hires people, the most important thing he looks for is whether people are good problem solvers. Which approach or model is Jim using?
The mumford skills model
Select the correct characteristics of the mature partnership phase
Transformational relationships, mutual trust, respect, reciprocity
Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are
affective and cognitive
Which of the following are examples of positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader emergence?
being informed, initiating new ideas
Select all options that accurately complete this sentence: The need for directive leadership increases when employees
believe that outside circumstances control their lives
Using contingency theory, in a highly structured task
both high and low lpc leaders could perform effectively
Leaders' use of physical force to get their way is which kind of power?
coercive
From what style does path-goal theory suggest that leaders should respond to dogmatic and authoritarian followers?
directive style
Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: According to Fiedler, if a leader's style does not match a situation, the leader can
engage in situational engineering
Which of the following refers to the power Bill Gates had when he and Paul Allen started the Microsoft company?
expert
"She is a natural leader" is a phrase commonly expressed by people who take a process perspective toward leadership.
false
A major strength of the trait approach is that it is quite useful for training.
false
A problem with LMX theory is that it appears to be unrelated to positive organizational outcomes
false
According to Blake and Mouton, the "authority-compliance manager" is highly concerned with people and has little concern for results
false
According to Burns, followers should remember that their leaders are above them and act accordingly
false
According to path-goal theory, achievement-oriented leadership is most effective in settings where followers are required to perform unambiguous tasks.
false
According to path-goal theory, when jobs are very complex, supportive leadership should be provided.
false
According to the Leadership Grid, opportunistic leaders rely primarily on the 5, 5 style of leadership
false
Assisting group members in building cohesiveness is primarily a task behavior
false
Contingency theory suggests that a leader's style is far more important than the leadership context.
false
Crystallized cognitive ability refers to one's innate intellectual ability or intelligence
false
D4 subordinates are not certain that they can do the job by themselves
false
Fiedler contends that it makes sense to try to train leaders to adapt their leadership styles
false
From the framework of contingency theory, cleaning the milkshake machine at McDonald's is not a good example of a structured task.
false
High LPCs are more motivated by task
false
In LMX, it is usually the leader who makes an offer to the subordinate for improved career-oriented exchanges.
false
In SLII, delegating is ineffective with subordinates who are very competent and committed.
false
In SLII, style 2 is low directive and low support
false
In his early studies, Stogdill found that leaders in one situation would almost always be leaders in another situation
false
In the Leadership Grid, the 9, 9 type of leader prefers the middle ground, soft-pedals disagreement, and swallows convictions in the interest of progress
false
In the situational approach, leadership style defines directive behaviors as those that help group members in goal achievement via two-way communication.
false
In the situational approach, leadership style refers to motivational principles
false
In-group relationships are based on the formal employment contract (defined roles).
false
Katz states that human skills are most important for middle and top managment levels
false
Kotter argues that managerial and leadership functions are really quite similar.
false
Leadership research suggests conclusively that it is best for leaders to be high-task and high-relationship in all situations
false
Low LPCs have a primary need to relate to people and a secondary need to get the job done.
false
Men and women are perceived as equally capable leaders in mixed-sex groups
false
One of the strengths of the situational approach is its clear conceptualization of subordinates' developmental levels.
false
One problem with contingency theory is the lack of research to support it
false
Path-goal leadership is an approach to leadership for which many management-training programs have been developed.
false
Path-goal theory is a lot like coaching and giving guidance.
false
Path-goal theory predicts that subordinates who have a strong need for affiliation prefer directive leadership.
false
Personality and other personal characteristics are unrelated to the process of how in-groups are formed
false
Social judgment is an individual attribute in the skills model
false
Studies have shown that high LMX has a direct impact on employee creativity.
false
Subordinates in the out-group receive more information and concern from their leaders than do in-group members.
false
Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up the managerial hierarchy
false
The "great person" approach stresses that leaders' traits are learned.
false
The Big Five & Leadership meta-analysis found that the factor most strongly associated with leadership was conscientiousness.
false
The acronym VDL stands for Variation Dependent Leadership
false
The problem with the LMX approach is that it gives little attention to the importance of communication in leadership.
false
The process definition of leadership states that certain individuals have inborn qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders
false
The research on leadership generally has found it to be a relatively simple process
false
The situational approach requires leaders to demonstrate a strong degree of control.
false
The skills approach is not descriptive
false
The style approach is not heuristic
false
The trait approach determine the most important traits in a highly objective way
false
Whereas the skills approach emphasizes the personality characteristics of the leader, the trait approach emphasizes the behavior of the leader.
false
Select all the options that best describe path-goal approach, expectancy theory suggest? (select all that apply)
followers are motivated if they think completing a given task will result in a valuable payoff
Select all of the individuals attributes
general cognitive ability, personality, motivation.
Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: According to the trait approach, leaders should have
have integrity, have determination
Select the options that correctly complete this sentence: According to early LMX theory:
in-group members are chosen on the basis of compatibility with the leaders, out-group members may not want to be in-group members, the out-group has less influence with the leader than does the in-group
In the skills model, which of these is a general cognitive ability?
information processing
power that an elected official has is
legitimate
Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggested that
no consistent set of traits differentiated leaders from non-leaders
During the acquaintance phase of leadership making, subordinates tend to focus on...
on both their own and the group's interests
Sara is criticized for shifting her management style too much and is known as a leader who watches out for herself. She is a/an
opportunistic leader
From which style does path-goal theory suggests that leaders should respond to autonomous group members with unstructured tasks?
participative style
According to Blake and Mouton, which leadership style includes rewards and approval for people in return for their loyalty and obedience?
paternalism/maternalism
Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: The trait approach to leadership is appealing because
people have a need to see their leaders as gifted people, it has been in existence for over 100 years
The primary functions of management are
planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling
Select all options that best characterize contingency theory
predictive
Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: It is accurate to say that SLII is primarily
prescriptive
Leaders' power to provide pay raises and promotions is
reward
During the stranger phase of leadership making, how is it most accurate to describe roles? (Select all that apply.)
scripted
which of the following presents a competency-based approach to leadership?
skill approach
Select all of the items that measure performance outcome
standard external criteria
You are the leader of a small jazz band, comprised of four of your peers who have never been in a jazz group before. As the leader of the band, you have been very straightforward about how the band will function. You have clearly described each of the members' roles, and they are starting to catch on to how the group works. What style do you exhibit next?
style 2
You are leader of a group project for a class. The other group members seem insecure about whether they can complete the project, but it is apparent that they are competent enough to do a good job. In prior meetings, you have been coaching them on the project. Based on SLII, which leadership style should you exhibit at the next meeting?
style 3
You are president of a large corporation. At a typical monthly meeting, each of your vice presidents gives standard area reports. In the past, these reports have been good, and the VPs seem satisfied about their work. Based on SLII, which leadership style should you exhibit at the next meeting?
style 4
Larry dislikes giving instructions to employees. He is uncomfortable with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
task behavior
Select the types of skills that are most important for leaders operating at lower levels of management
technical and human
Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: The individual attributes factor in the skills model suggests
that traits are important to leadership, that the skills model is not just a competency-based model
Select all the options that correctly complete this sentence: Using contingency theory, in a highly unstructured task,
there would usually be several ways to do something, rules would be unclear.
Select all of the options that correctly complete this sentence: Emotional intelligence includes our ability to perceive and
to use emotions to facilitate thinking, to reason/understand emotions, to manage emotions with one's self, to express emotions (all of them).
Mary has managed the mailroom for two years. Management views Mary as a person with special leadership talents, such as intelligence, sociability, and determination. Management is using which of the following approaches?
trait approach
A boss, by definition, usually has position power over subordinates
true
A disadvantage of path-goal theory is that its approach could foster subordinate dependency.
true
A factor common to the leadership classification systems is the view of leadership as a process of influence.
true
According to Situational Leadership, D3 subordinates may be highly skilled but also lack commitment.
true
According to contingency theory, no leader can be expected to perform well in every situation
true
Based on results from later studies, Stogdill argued that personality and situational factors were both determinants of leadership.
true
Career experience is a strong influence on a leader's competencies
true
Contingency theory is a leader-match theory
true
During the first phase of leadership making, the interactions within the leader-subordinate dyad are generally low quality.
true
During the partner phase of leadership, the leader and the subordinate have reciprocal influence on each other.
true
Environmental influences are factors in a situation that lie outside the leader's competencies, characteristics, and experiences.
true
Human skills are important at all levels of management
true
In LMX theory, leadership making suggests that leaders help everyone to be in the in group.
true
In LMX theory, the dyadic relationship is the focal point of the leadership process.
true
In SLII, style 3 is high supportive and low directive
true
In application, the trait approach can help individuals pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses.
true
In the Leadership Grid, a person who uses but does not integrate the 1, 9 and 9, 1 styles of leadership could be called a "benevolent dictator."
true
In work settings where the formal authority system is weak, leadership becomes a tool that helps subordinates by making the rules and work requirements clear
true
LMX can be criticized for failing to fully explain the way high-quality, leader-member exchanges are created.
true
LMX challenged the assumption that leaders treated followers in a collective way, as a group, using an average leadership style
true
Later studies of LMX showed that high-quality relationships between leaders and subordinates produce less employee turnover.
true
Leaders who use coercion are generally more interested in their own goals than those of subordinates.
true
Leadership occurs in both large and small groups
true
Mumford's research studied military personnel rather than business and organizational leaders
true
Over 60 different leadership classification systems have been developed.
true
Participative leadership is effective with subordinates who have a strong need to control (internal locus of control).
true
Path-goal leadership is not a trait approach that locks leaders into only one kind of leadership.
true
Path-goal theory is based on motivation principles drawn from Expectancy Theory.
true
People with low scores on the LPC work better in categories 1 and 2 than 4 and 5.
true
SLII is used by many corporations to train leaders
true
Situational leadership requires the clear recognition of subordinate needs
true
Some studies have suggested that masculinity is a leadership trait
true
The "great person" approach focuses on important political leaders.
true
The SLII model emphasized flexibility in leadership style
true
The situational approach contends that leadership involves both directive and supportive behaviors.
true
The skills approach is relatively new and has not been widely used in training and development.
true
The skills approach provides a structure consistent with leadership education programs
true
The skills approach suggests that many individuals have the potential for leadership.
true
The style approach has been validated by a wide range of studies
true
The style approach has failed to identify a universally effective leadership style
true
The style approach suggests that leadership cannot be explained by any list of personality traits.
true
The trait approach emphasizes that leadership resides within the individual.
true
The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits
true
The trait approach focuses primarily on the leader, not on the followers or the situation.
true
The trait approach has a century of research to back it up
true
The validity and lack of correlation with other leadership measures of Fiedler's LPC Measure has been criticized.
true
Select all the options that represent main components in path-goal theory
work setting, leader style, subordinate characteristics
