Leadership F
A client who is postoperative has a hemoglobin of 8.0 g/dL. The nurse delegates the administration of a unit of packed red blood cells for this client to a nurse floating from a psychiatric unit. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate for the nurse to take at this time?
Decline to hang the blood - This is appropriate because the nurse should perform only tasks that she has been oriented to perform and that she has current information on, regarding policy and procedure. It is unlikely that a float nurse from a psychiatric unit would be familiar with current policy regarding blood administration, and this nurse may have limited experience with this procedure. Therefore, the practical nurse should respectfully decline to hang the blood.
A nurse is planning care for a group of clients. Which of the following assignments is most appropriate for the nurse to plan?
Delegating the administration of an intermittent tube feeding to the licensed practical nurse (LPN) - This is the most appropriate assignment for the nurse to plan. Administering a tube feeding is within the scope of practice for an LPN.
A nurse manager has displayed such behaviors as establishing staff nurse committees to address unit issues, instituting an open door policy for talking about concerns, and supporting the professional development of all staff. The nurse should understand that these behaviors reflect a management style that is
Democratic - These behaviors reflect a manager who values the professional status and input to staff members. This does not mean that all decisions are made by committee because there are situations that will be identified as being within the nurse manager's domain for decision making
A unit manager is preparing to present a staff development session regarding brain death. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the presentation regarding the criteria for determination of death for purposes of organ donation?
"Death involves the complete and irreversible cessation of all function of the entire brain, including the brain stem." - The Uniform Determination of Death Act defines death as the irreversible cessation of heart or respiratory function or the irreversible cessation of all function of the entire brain, including the brain stem.
A nurse from a hospital's float pool has been assigned to the nursing unit to cover a staff absence. The float nurse reports to the charge nurse and says "I have never worked in this unit before." The appropriate response by the charge nurse is
"I will assign you to work with a registered nurse on the unit who is experienced and will act as a resource for you." - Providing the float nurse with a co-assigned resource person is the appropriate response to this situation. The stem of the question indicates that the float nurse is part of a float pool, not just an RN floating from another unit. Therefore, it is likely that this nurse will be assigned to this unit in the future, and it is appropriate to facilitate the float nurse's orientation to the unit by providing a preceptor.
A client with a history of severe multiple sclerosis (MS) has filled out a living will and has asked the nurse to witness it. Which of the following would be an appropriate response by the nurse?
"I would be glad to witness your signature on the living will." A nurse is permitted to witness a client's signature on a living will. The form usually requires two signatures, so the nurse must know the regulations of the state in which she practices Other - Having a medical professional as a witness is not requirement
A 13-year-old female client tells the charge nurse in the pediatric unit that she does not want a male nurse assigned to care for her. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"I'll change the assignment so a female nurse is caring for you today." - The client has the right to participate in decisions regarding her care. It is not unusual for an adolescent client to be uncomfortable being cared for by a nurse of the opposite sex. Whenever it is feasible, a request such as this should be respected and honored.
A client is being transferred to the surgical suite for a procedure when the client suddenly exclaims, "I've changed my mind. I don't want to go through with this!" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
"Let me call your surgeon while you tell me about your concerns." - This is an appropriate response because the client has the right to refuse treatment. Speaking with the nurse and the provider about concerns or questions may allay anxieties and allow the client to continue with the procedure. Consent may be withdrawn after it's given and clients have the right to change their minds. It is the nurse's responsibility to notify the surgeon if the client verbalizes a desire to stop or delay a medical procedure or treatment.
A visitor asks the nurse about the client in the next room who has metastatic cancer and cries out frequently. The visitor says "That person must have a terrible disease. What is the matter?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
"That client is quite uncomfortable. Does the crying out bother you?" - This option states the obvious and focuses on the visitor's feelings rather than on confidential information concerning the uncomfortable person. TEST-TAKING STRATEGY: Remember, in communication questions, the nurse should always address the client's (in this case the client is the visitor) feelings first.
A nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized and asks to review his medical record. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
"You may view your chart under the guidance of the health team member designated by hospital policy." - Every client has the right to review personal medical records; however, clients usually do not have the medical knowledge necessary to understand and interpret everything in their charts. Consequently, it is best for clients to review their charts with the health team member designated by hospital policy.
After a disaster plan is put into effect, a nurse in a pediatric unit is asked to prepare a list of clients who can be discharged to home due to a local incident involving many child victims. Which of the following clients should the nurse place on the potential discharge list?
- A preschooler who has asthma and has scattered wheezes with PRN use of abuterol - A school age child who has a femur fraction in an external fixation device and whose pain is controlled with PRN oral codeine - A developmentally delayed adolescent client who has osteomyelitis, has a PICC line, and needs 6 more weeks of antibiotics A preschooler who has asthma and has scattered wheezes that resolve with PRN use of albuterol (Proventil) is correct. The nurse should place clients who can be both quickly and safely discharged on the potential discharge list. Children who have asthma are most often managed at home once the acute phase of illness has resolved. Because this client's manifestations are responsive to the prescribed medication, this child should do well at home with appropriate discharge teaching and if follow-up care is planned. A school-age child who has a femur fracture in an external fixation device and whose pain is controlled with PRN oral codeine is correct. The nurse should place clients who can be both quickly and safely discharged on the potential discharge list. External fixation devices are worn for weeks to months: they are most often managed at home once the device is placed and the client has learned how to care for the immobilized limb. This client's pain is responsive to oral codeine. Prior to discharge, the client may need instructions on ambulation and weight-bearing, as prescribed. A developmentally delayed adolescent client who has osteomyelitis, has a PICC line, and needs 6 more weeks of antibiotics is correct. The nurse should place clients who can be both quickly and safely discharged on the potential discharge list. Long-term antibiotic therapy is typically completed in the home following PICC line placement. A visiting nurse can assist this client in home care management. The client's developmental delay has no bearing on whether the client is safe to discharge. An infant who has non-organic failure to thrive, has gained weight since hospitalization, and may be discharged to foster care is incorrect. The nurse should place clients who can be both quickly and safely discharged on the potential discharge list. This client's discharge plan is not certain. Note that the option states that the client may be discharged to foster care. This is not the type of situation that is typically considered quick to handle in an imminent disaster situation; therefore, this client that is not considered safe to discharge. A toddler who has a ventricular septal defect, bronchiolitis, and is on 28% oxygen by Oxy-Hood is incorrect. The nurse should place clients who can be both quickly and safely discharged on the potential discharge list. This client who has a chronic health problem (a congenital heart defect) is now experiencing an acute illness (severe lower respiratory illness). The client's increased care needs may potentially cause more complex problems. This client is not considered safe to discharge. An adolescent client who is one day postoperative following scoliosis repair and is on a PCA pump is incorrect. The nurse should place clients who can be both quickly and safely discharged on the potential discharge list. Clients are typically hospitalized for 4 to 6 days following scoliosis (curvature of the spine) repair (spinal fusion). This client is still on a PCA pump for pain control and is only 1 day postoperative. Most commonly, spinal fusion clients must be fit for a brace and taught how to apply it prior to discharge: the brace must be worn at all times when out of bed for several weeks or months. This client is not considered safe to discharge.
A nurse is planning care for several clients. Which of the following clients should be assigned to a nurse case manager.
A client who has a neurological deficits following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - This client should be retained under the care of the case manager. A client who had a CVA will likely require long-term treatment. A client who has ongoing needs for care or rehabilitation should receive care that is directed by a case manager due to the complexity and cost of the client's needs.
A nurse is caring for several clients. Which of the following situations reflects an appropriate suspensions of client rights?
A confused client who is recovering from a head injury and abdominal trauma has her hands placed in mitts to prevent her from disrupting her abdominal wound. - Although restraints should not be applied unnecessarily, this client is at risk of causing herself injury by disrupting her abdominal wound. As she is confused and unable to cooperate with her treatment plan, the nurse must act to keep the client safe from self-harm. Mitts are less restrictive than applying wrist or posey restraints; therefore, mitts are appropriate in this situation.
A nurse finds a client standing next to the bed with the side rails in the up position. The client's IV is pulled out and he is confused, does not have an identification bracelet on, and states, "I cannot remember my name." Which of the following actions should the nurse take first after assisting the client back to bed?
Assess the client for injury. - The stem states that the client got out of a bed that had the side rails up. This is an unsafe situation, and the client may have fallen. Such a fall may result in life-threatening injuries. The nurse must assess the client to ensure that he has not sustained any injuries. TEST-TAKING STRATEGY: Whenever a priority setting question has four options that appear right (i.e., it contains assessments, interventions, and evaluations), the nursing process will often help to find the correct answer. Assessment always comes first, followed by analysis, planning, intervention, and finally evaluation.
A nurse on a busy medical-surgical unit has several tasks that must be completed to get a preoperative client ready for the surgical suite. The nurse is supervising a licensed practical nurse (LPN) and an assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following tasks should the nurse delegate to the AP?
Assist with placing the client onto the stretcher for transport to the surgical suite. - Assisting with getting the client onto the stretcher for transport to the surgical suite is a skill that is congruent with the level of training for the AP.
A nurse in a mental health clinic is interviewing a client who has a history of substance abuse. The client reports an experience from a previous voluntary hospitalization. The client says "I'll admit that I was rather anxious and hostile, but they wanted to give me a medication that I knew would make me feel groggy. The nurse said that if I didn't take it they would give me a shot, and sure enough, when I refused the orderlies held me down so the nurse could give me an injection. At that point, I demanded to sign out, and they refused to let me go. The next morning, they made me attend a group therapy session where they introduced me to the group as a substance abuser, even though I asked the admitting nurse not to tell anyone. I will never enter a psychiatric ward again." Which of the client's reports constitutes assault?
Being threatened with the injectable medication - This is a justifiable objection to treatment provided during a previous hospitalization. Threatening to medicate a client against his wishes is assault. The tort of assault occurs when a person puts another in fear of nonconsensual contact.
A nurse working in a busy postsurgical unit is assigned to admit a new client. Although the nurse has been instructed in the use of a new bedside computer charting system, the nurse has never completed a computerized admission independently. None of the other nurses are available to help the nurse at this time. Which of the following actions is appropriate for the nurse to take?
Complete the head to toe assessment while taking notes on paper, and orient the client to the new environment - According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a client's physiological and safety needs come first. A newly admitted client needs to be assessed and oriented to the environment immediately upon arrival to the nursing unit. Without baseline data and a head-to-toe assessment, the nurse has no foundation for determining changes in the client's status. The inability to enter the data on the computer does not relieve the nurse of the responsibility to gather it as soon as the client arrives. The nurse can take notes on paper and enter the data when someone is available to assist with the computerized process. The nurse is also responsible for client comfort and safety; therefore, orienting the client to the room, the call bell system, and the environment is a priority before the nurse leaves the client's room.
A representative from a medical insurance company calls the hospital for information regarding a client who sustained a head injury. The representative tells the client's nurse that the results of the client's latest computerized axial tomography scan (CAT scan) are needed before determining whether the client is eligible for rehabilitation coverage. The results of the scan are available on the computer system, which is accessible by the nurse, but a release of information form cannot be found in the client's chart. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse at this time?
Decline to give the results of the CAT scan to the representative. - Without a release of information form, the nurse cannot discuss the results of any test with anyone other than the client, the client's health care proxy, or an individual or family member for whom permission has been granted.
A nurse suspects that a co-worker is coming to work under the influence of alcohol. Which of the following behaviors in the workplace should the nurse recognize are consistent with substance abuse? (Select all that apply.)
Extended lunch periods and breaks is correct. - Extended lunch periods and breaks may indicate that the individual is ingesting alcohol in a remote location. Calling in sick frequently on Mondays or Fridays is correct. Calling in sick frequently on - Mondays or Fridays may indicate that the individual is binge drinking on weekends and too ill to come to work. Frustration with work assignments is incorrect. - Frustration with work assignments is a common workplace behavior and does not indicate substance abuse. Decrease in concern regarding personal appearance and grooming is correct. - Decrease in concern regarding personal appearance and grooming is a sign of substance abuse secondary to a lack of time and interest in physical appearance. Excessive use of cologne or mouthwash is correct. - Excessive use of cologne or mouthwash is a sign of substance abuse caused by the individual attempting to cover up the smell of alcohol.
A nurse manager has received a mandate that the team nursing approach be implemented on his unit, with licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and assistive personnel (AP) hired on as additional staff. Which of the following actions by the nurse manager should help to facilitate acceptance of this change on the unit?
Introduce the mandate and facilitate development of a taskforce to plan for implementation. - This is an appropriate approach because involving the staff in changes that will affect them will give them a feeling of control over their practice and enhance buy-in.
A nurse is designated as the new nurse manager on a busy oncology unit. Behaviors displayed by the nurse manager include keeping her office door closed when she is in the office, not offering to help resolve daily staffing issues, and not scheduling any staff meetings. Which of the following types of leadership behavior is the nurse manager displaying?
Laissez-faire - This nurse manager is a laissez-faire leader. A laissez-faire leader provides little support or guidance. The leader's activity is minimal and provides for a very ineffective group. No members will assume responsibility for the activities of the group
A nurse enters a client's room and discovers that a small fire has started. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Move the client out of the room - The client in the room with the fire is at highest risk for injury. The smoke from a fire can deprive a client of adequate oxygenation, and the fire poses a direct threat to the safety of this client. Using the RACE (Remove, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish) acronym, moving this client to safety should be the nurse's first action.
A client is returning home from a nursing care facility following rehabilitation for a cerebrovascular accident. The client now walks with a walker. The home care nurse rearranges the furniture, removes throw rugs, and arranges for grab bars to be installed in the bathroom. These actions reflect the nurse's attention to which of the following ethical principles?
Nonmaleficence - Nonmaleficence is the requirement to do no harm and to protect clients from harm if they cannot protect themselves. The actions taken in this situation are important for the prevention of injuries due to falling.
A nurse is involved in continuous quality improvement monitoring and is asked to identify key quality indicators for a surgical unit. Which of the following sources of data is significant for the nurse to include in the plan as a key indicator?
Nosocomial infection rate - Key indicators are selected based on their relevance to providing quality care in a particular setting. Nosocomial infection rate is one of these factors in a surgical unit. Data on key indicators are monitored on an ongoing basis. This process facilitates early identification of any pattern that might indicate a need for further investigation.
Immediately following the morning report, a nurse delegates several tasks to the assistive personnel (AP) on the team. Which of the following tasks should the nurse direct the AP to perform first?
Obtain the morning blood glucose fingersticks. - Obtaining the morning fingersticks is the most important task listed. Clients who require insulin must have this measurement performed and have their insulin administered prior to eating breakfast.
A nurse makes several observations during the course of care on a unit. Which of the following observations should the nurse recognize exemplifies the ethical concept of paternalism?
Paternalism is a type of relationship between clients and health care providers in which the health care providers believe they know what is best for the clients. In this example, the nurse practitioner withholds information so as not to cause the client distress. This practitioner is making the decision for the client and denying the client his right to be informed.
An older adult client is going to be discharged to a long term care facility. Which of the following nursing actions is most effective for promoting continuity of care?
Providing a written summary of the client's nursing plan of care to the long term care facility - A written summary of the client's nursing plan of care is the best way of conveying the client's nursing care needs to the nurses who will be working with the client in the long-term care facility.
A client presents to a neighborhood health clinic frequently with reports of depression. The client, who is involved in an emotionally abusive marriage, feels trapped and does not know where to get help. Which of the following is the best nursing action?
Refer the client to a local organization that assists people who are in unhealthy relationships. - Battered spouse groups have specially training individuals and support networks for assisting people who are involved in abusive relationships. This is the best nursing action
While caring for a client, a nurse notices that the client's call light cord is frayed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Replace the call light and send the frayed one to the repair department. - A frayed cord is an electrical hazard. Removal of a frayed cord is the only way to protect the client from potential electrical burns. The client must be given a replacement call light for safety reasons. There should be one or two replacement call lights on the nursing unit for use in this type of situation.
A client's spouse wishes to be present when the client's organs are harvested in the surgical suite. The nurse believes this may be an ethical issue for which he does not have the answer. Which of the following is the first action that the nurse should take?
Review institutional policy to determine if this practice is allowed. - Ethical decision making is used when there are no clear right and wrong answers. The presence of an institutional policy regarding the situation may resolve the nurse's question for this situation.
A nurse is admitting a client who has a medical diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Which of the following tasks is appropriate for the nurse to delegate to an assistive personnel (AP)?
Showing the client how to use the nurse call light - Showing the client how to use the nurse call light is within the AP's scope of practice, and it is part of ensuring client safety.
On a very busy day, a nurse observes an office nurse taking a new client's health history while in the waiting room. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Speak to the nurse immediately in private - The office nurse is violating client confidentiality and federal HIPAA regulations. Personal health information, which is confidential, could be overhead by others in the waiting room. The nurse must immediately stop this behavior to protect the confidentiality of the client.
A nurse sees a confused client who is on bed rest attempting to crawl over the side rails. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote client safety?
Stay with the client and notify the supervising nurse. - This client is at risk for falling. Staying with the client protects him from harm. The supervising nurse can then notify the provider and discuss care options for this client.
When checking the IV line of a client who is receiving a medication that is a known vesicant, the nurse notes that the IV is puffy and has no blood return. Determining that the IV has infiltrated, the nurse discontinues the infusion, removes the IV catheter, and contacts the provider. After treating the infiltrate as ordered, the nurse completes a variance report detailing the incident. Which of the following actions should the nurse take regarding the variance report?
Submit the variance report per institutional guidelines - Variance reports (also called incident reports in some institutions) are confidential documents used by the institution to improve client care. They should never be copied, placed in, or referred to in a client's chart. Filing a variance report does not substitute for documenting the assessment of the client's infiltration in the client's chart and subsequent nursing actions of discontinuing the IV catheter and notifying the provider. Once completed, the variance form should be submitted according to the institution's guidelines, most commonly to the nurse's most immediate, available nurse administrator (or nursing supervisor).
A charge nurse is providing orientation to a new staff nurse regarding the management of a team consisting of a licensed practical nurse (LPN) and an assistive personnel (AP). Which of the following instructions by the charge nurse regarding care of a group of clients may result in unsafe practice?
The accountability for a task is assumed by the person to whom it is delegated. - This is an incorrect instruction given by the nurse manager that may result in unsafe practice. While responsibility for a task can be delegated, accountability for any delegated task remains with the nurse who delegated the task. TEST-TAKING STRATEGY: This question has a false-response stem; the question is asking for an instruction that may result in an unsafe practice.
A nurse who is precepting a newly licensed nurse is explaining the nurse's role in obtaining client consent for a diagnostic or surgical procedure. Which of the following information is appropriate for the nurse to include in the explanation?
The person who will perform the procedure is responsible for obtaining informed consent - The person performing the procedure is legally responsible for obtaining informed consent. Informed consent includes telling the client about the risks of the procedure, alternative treatments available, and possible outcomes if the procedure is not carried out. This is generally a provider, but a nurse in an advanced practice role would also be responsible if performing the procedure.
A newly licensed nurse is preparing to perform a procedure that she has not performed before on a client. What resource is appropriate for the nurse to consult?
The policy and procedure manual for the unit - Although the other sources listed may be able to offer pointers and suggestions, the newly licensed nurse cannot be certain that the other sources will describe the procedure in accordance with hospital policy. The only resource that will provide this information is the policy and procedure manual.
Within the last 6 weeks, a full-time nurse has been absent from work six times, and various reasons have been cited. Since this is the first instance of a potential problem with the employee, the nurse manager decides to take a nonpunitively to the absenteeism. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse manager?
Verbally remind the employee about the agency employment standards - Verbal admonishment is the first step in the disciplinary process for this type of infraction. The employee may not know or remember the existing standard, and a verbal reminder may be all that is needed to change the behavior.
A nurse is on a team that consists of a licensed practical nurse (LPN) and an assistive personnel (AP). The team is caring for an infant who requires application of several topical preparations. The application of which of the following prescriptions can be delegated to the AP?
Zinc Oxide (Desitin) applied to rash in perianal region with each diaper change - Zinc Oxide is a protective moisture barrier that does not contain any active medications and is applied to skin. It is within the scope of practice for an AP to apply moisture barriers to the skin as part of hygiene care.
A nurse is planning to perform a negotiation to manage a conflict. The nurse recognizes the ultimate goal of the negotiation process is to
create a solution in which all parties are satisfied - The goal of negotiation is to create a win-win situation in which all parties are satisfied with the results.
A client who has undergone a coronary arterial bypass graft procedure has been assigned a case manager. When the case manager introduces herself, she should describe her role to the client as a nurse who will be
facilitating the use of cost effective care measures and ensuring a timely discharge - A case manager is usually assigned to a client early in that client's hospitalization. The goal of the case manager is to minimize costs and maximize outcomes in a time frame consistent with reimbursement guidelines. Facilitating the use of cost effective care measures during hospitalization and ensuring a timely discharge are consistent with the goals of the case manager.
A nurse has noticed that one of the providers makes suggestive comments. Because these comments make the nurse uncomfortable, the nurse's first action should be to
inform the provider that these comments create an uncomfortable environment and request that they be stopped - According to the American Nurses Association, confrontation is the first action that should be taken in a situation involving sexual harassment.
A nurse is asked to act as a preceptor to a newly licensed nurse. In agreeing to this role, the nurse realizes that the newly licensed nurse will learn best if the preceptor
is co-assigned with the newly licensed nurse and acts as a role model in completing their assignment - Using this strategy, the newly licensed nurse is an active learner who shares fully in the assignment, and learns not only tasks, but other important skills such as delegation, organization, prioritization, and critical thinking. Observing the nurse actualize the role of a professional nurse will also help the newly licensed nurse become socialized into the new role.
A nurse is preparing to introduce the concept of critical pathways to hospital administrators in an effort to enhance the quality of client care. Which of the following statements should the nurse use to describe the purpose of a critical pathway? "A critical pathway is a
multidisciplinary tool that guides client care and bases outcomes on an externally imposed time line." - A critical pathway outlines the actions that all members of the health care team must complete in a timely manner to achieve desired client outcomes and an appropriate length of stay.
A nurse involved in a continuous quality improvement program on a unit is reviewing charting information for the time of first postoperative ambulation of clients who had abdominal surgery. The nurse should know that this data collection represents a quality indicator that addresses
process - Process indicators measure nursing actions that are used to facilitate expected and desired outcomes in clients. Early ambulation is essential for the prevention of postoperative complications.
A teacher brings a child to the school nurse's office because the teacher has noticed multiple bruises on the child's trunk and extremities in the last few days. The child reports falling out of a tree. The nurse's assessment findings show patterns of bruising that would not typically be sustained during a fall from a tree. The nurse should recognize that his legal responsibility is to
report the findings to local police and social service agencies - All health care providers are mandatory reporters of child abuse. The nurse's primary concern is for the safety of the child. Procedures for reporting will differ in various locations, but procedures most typically involve notification of police and social services personnel who will then investigate the situation.
A nurse administrator's leadership and management skills are highly regarded by the staff. One reason the nurse administrator is so highly regarded is the because of his actualization of the concept of justice, which he enforces by
scheduling staff so that each person works two holidays a year. - Justice refers to treating everyone fairly. By scheduling each person to work two holidays per year, the nurse administrator is requiring staff members to work their fair share of holidays.
A nurse observes a coworker performing a procedure improperly. Although no harm is done to the client, the nurse is concerned about the coworker's knowledge regarding the proper way to perform the procedure. The initial action the nurse should take is to
speak with the coworker privately - The nurse must first fully assess the situation by discussing the observation with the coworker. There may have been a reason for the way the coworker performed the procedure, or the coworker may simply need further information, which the nurse can teach. After assessing the situation, the nurse will better know which course of action to take.
A nurse is a member of a hospital-wide committee that has developed new documentation forms to meet the Joint Commission's standards for health care institutions. The nurse should understand that the greatest barrier to successful implementation of these new forms involves
staff resistance to learning new charting forms and standards - Resistance to change is a frequently encountered problem when introducing new policies or procedures. Subsequently, staff resistance will be the greatest barrier to successful implementation of the new forms. Planning for change is an important part of this committee's work and involvement of nurses who will be impacted by the change is a strategy that can enhance acceptance of the change.
Some nurses working on a telemetry unit have identified the need for updating the cardiac monitoring system so that arrhythmia detection in clients can be increased. The nurse manager should realize this type of expenditure for equipment
will need to be addressed in the capital budget plan for the unit - The capital budget plans for the expenditure of moneys for equipment and major purchases that have a long life of use.