Leadership-Hua

We are influenced by our bias. Please list the four biases mentioned in class.

-Implicit prejudice- refers to subconscious prejudices that affect our decisions without us being aware of them. -In-group favoritism -involves doing acts of kindness and favors for those who are like us. -Overclaiming credit- involves overrating the quality of our own work and contributions. -Conflicts of interest- adversely impact ethical judgments and bias our perceptions of situations.

Describe the A-O-R model. Using one example to illustrate the model

1. Action 2. Observation 3. Reflection

A doctor gives you three pills telling you ti take one every half hour. How many minutes you need to take all the three pills?

60

Which of the following statements about common sense is most likely true?

A challenge of leadership is to know when common sense applies and when it does not

Daniel Pink used the candle experiment to tell us something. What you learned from him?

A person is brought into a room and given a candle, a box of thumbtacks and matches and asked to attach the candle to the wall so that the wax doesn't drip on to the table. The person who can solve the candle problem is one who, rather than seeing the box as receptacle for the tacks, sees it as something that can be used in the solution. The box is tacked to the wall and the candle placed on it.

A politician's advisor explains how demographic changes in the politician's district make it important for the politician to spend more time in the district seeing constituents than she has in the past. This is an example of:

A rational persuasion

______ is an effort to attain objective by attacking or hurting others

Aggression

According to Beer's model for organizational change formula, what does C represent?

Amount of change

Which of the following is most likely an example of a non-contingent reward?

Annual salary

Which of the following would most likely result in consistently higher effort and performance?

Assigning goals that are both specific and difficult

In perception, which term refers to the process of assigning underlying causes to behaviors?

Attribution

The formula for the rational approach to change is:

C = D × M × P > R

A police officer giving a speeding ticket o a driver is most likely using?

Coercive power

Which term refers to how much a leader is friendly and supportive toward subordinates?

Consideration

Which of the following is occurring when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activity?

Consultation

Which of the following involves confronting your beliefs, inviting others to challenge you, and working on personal blind spots?

Double-loop learning

Which of the following statements about the rational and emotional aspects of leadership is most likely false?

Effective leadership involves actions based exclusively on reason and logic

Which term is most often associated with the word "management"?

Efficiency

Which of the following is a possible solution for group think?

Establishing an independent subgroup to make recommendations.

____ power is a function of the amount of knowledge one possesses relative to the rest of the members of a group.

Expert

The interactional framework for analyzing leadership includes

Followers, leaders and situations

The leadership competency of helping a group or community recognize and define its opportunity and issues in ways that result in effective action is known as:

Framing

Which generation of workers tends to be technologically savvy, independent, and skeptical of institutional and hierarchy?

Gen Xers

Please List the Three main things that Jim Rohn shared with us

If you change everything will change, if yu get better everything else will get better Let the wind blow Set a good Sale Personal Development Setting Goals How to become financially indepent

Many aspects of office arrangements can affect a leader's or follower's power. Which of the following statements is true in relation to this statement?

Individuals sitting at the ends of rectangular tables often wield more Power

Which two broad categories of leader behaviors did the situational leadership model originally identify?

Initiating structure and consideration

Which of the following reflects the degree to which people are given information about difficult reward procedures and are treated with dignity and respect?

International justice

According to Hogan and Warrenfelz, which of the following skills is the most difficult to change?

Intrapersonal

Who proposed the idea of five level leadership?

John Maxwell

What best describes the leader-follower relationship?

Leadership and followership merge and are linked concepts

Which of the following statements is true of leadership and management?

Leadership and management have both unique functions and an area of overlap.

Which of the following statements is most likely true of legitimate power?

Legitimate power depends on a person's organizational role

Which of the following is a conventional distinction that is made between managers and leaders?

Managers maintain, while leaders develop

Which of the following would LEAST likely help a subordinate o better understand their superior's world?

Meeting with the superior's boss to evaluate their interaction and relationship

The process by which an older and more experienced person helps to socialize and encourage younger organizational colleagues is called:

Mentoring

_____involves reinterpreting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose

Moral justification

"I remain calm in pressure situations." This behavioral aspect corresponds to which Big Five personality dimension?

Neuroticism

______ are the informal rules that groups adopt to regulate and regularize group members' behaviors

Norms

Which of the following statements is most likely true about affectivity?

People with a disposition for positive affectivity tend to react optimistically to changes.

Which statement about followership styles is most likely true?

Pragmatist followers tend to be mediocre performers

Which of the following is the most important situational factor associated with charismatic leadership?

Presence/absence of a crisis

A judge who gives a convicted prisoner a suspended sentence but tells him to consider the suspension a "sword hanging over your head "if he breaks the law again is using:

Pressure tactics

Which of the following best describes ethics?

Principles of right conduct

What is the main reason for people staying with organizations?

Promises of long-term employment

Which of the following most likely occurs when leaders articulate high expectations for followers?

Pygmalion effect

Which of the following would be the best way to establish and maintain good peer relationships?

Recognize common interests and goals

A leader who has developed close interpersonal relationships with followers generally uses______ power to influence them.

Referent

Which term refers to a kind of learning between the individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions?

Single-loop learning

_______ refers to anytime people increase their level of work due to the presence of others.

Social facilitation

_______ is exercised in the service of higher goals to others or organizations and often involves self-sacrifice toward those ends

Socialized power

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

Supervision

Which of the following instruments does Fiedler's contingency theory use to determine the relevant characteristic of the leader?

The Least Preferred Co-worker Scale

In terms of the path- goal theory, which of the following is considered a situational factor?

The task

Which of the following is one of the motivators describe in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

The work itself

A Manager with a ______ orientation will most likely rely on coercive methods to motivate workers such as punishment and threats

Theory X

What is the difference between transformational and transactional leadership?

Transactional leaders focuses on the role of supervision, organization, and group performance. They are concerned about the status quo and day-to-day progress toward goals. Transformational leaders work to enhance the motivation and engagement of followers by directing their behavior toward a shared vision

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that take place in stress management according to the A-B-C model

Triggering event; your thinking; feelings and behaviors

What is the fairness video about (monkeys, grapes and cucumber)? What is organizational justice? List the three dimensions of organizational justice.

Two monkeys were given "rewards" for their actions. One monkey received grapes and the other received cucumbers. The one that received cucumbers felt it was unfair and throw them back at the person feeding it to them. Organizational Justice is basically how each person is treated in an organization. Each person should be treated fairly and recieve the same options as rewards that other people get. People can feel cheated if they don't get the same chances as others -Empowerment -Motivation

What is Lewin's change model (Three-stage model)?

Unfreeze This first stage of change involves preparing the organization to accept that change is necessary Change the change stage is where people begin to resolve their uncertainty Refreeze The refreeze stage also needs to help people and the organization internalize or institutionalize the changes. This means making sure that the changes are used all the time, and that they are incorporated into everyday business

A leader who takes action to maintain ethical standards in the face of questionable moral behaviors by superiors is most likely exhibiting:

Upward Ethical Leadership

Which of the following is NOT an example of behaviors that could be considered a "10 percent stretch"?

Using a motivational practice that has been very stressful in past

All of the following are ways leaders can improve communication skills EXCEPT:

Using constructive sarcasm

An individual's tendency to exert effort toward task accomplishment depends partly on the strength of his/ her motive to achieve success. This concept is called:

achievement orientation.

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error: This is called

actor/observer difference

Describe the contingency theory

an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation.

The _____ authority system is associated with leaders thought to possess divine or superhuman qualities.

charismatic

The two dimensions of the Leadership Grid are:

concern for people and concern for production

The leadership dimensions that were identified by the Ohio State studies are:

consideration and initiating structure

The normative decision model is limited only to:

decision making.

Influence is best defined as the:

degree of actual change in a target agent's values

Follower readiness refers to a(n):

follower's ability and willingness to accomplish a particular task

Crediting your own successes to dis positional factors and others successes to factors the environment are aspects of:

fundamental attribution error

The sum of forces that attract members to a group, provide resistance to leaving it, and motivate them to be active in it is called:

group cohesion.

An authentic leader will most likely:

have a realistic self-perception

Community leaders are most likely to:

have fewer resources than most leaders

What are the steps of goal setting? Your short-term goal (1,3,5 & 10 years)

identify write down needs analysis List benefits and obstacles Create a plan of action share goals

According to Beer's model for organizational change, leaders can increase the amount of change by:

increasing the clarity of vision.

The highest levels of situational favorability most likely occur when:

leader-member relations are good, the task is structured, and position power is high.

According to the situational leadership theory, four types of leadership behavior can be identified. They include all of the following EXCEPT:

modeling

Leaders high in initiating structure are most likely to:

monitor subordinates' performance levels

The _______ component of the change model involves the change initiative becoming tangible and attributable because it consists of the development and executive of the change plan

process

The inefficiencies created by more and more people working together is called:

process losses.

When students respond positively to requests from teachers who are well-liked and respected, it can be inferred that the teachers have:

referent power

Research findings by French and Raven indicate that leaders who rely primarily on______ and power have subordinates who are more motivated and satisfied, are absent less, and perform better.

referent; expert

Molly, a member of a product development team, is most likely experiencing_______ if she wonders, "Just what am I supposed to be doing?"

role ambiguity

A situation in which one'e expectations or predictions help determine the very results predicted is referred to as:

self-fulfilling prophecy

What is Force field Analysis? Please us an example to illustrate the application of this analysis

situations are maintained by an equilibrium between forces that drive change and others that resist change, For change to happen, the driving forces must be strengthened or the resisting forces weakened.

The phenomenon of reduced effort by people when they are not individually accountable for their work is referred to as:

social loafing.

Technical competence is especially important for first-line supervisors because they:

spend a great amount of time training their followers

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate concerning listening?

the best listeners are passive listeners

What is the Lollipop ted talk about? What you learned from it?

the guy told the story of how he saves a lollipop to a girl at a college orientation and it changed her life for the better. She was going to not go to college because she thought she couldn't do it. The guy doesn't even remember doing what the girl said he did. It goes to show that we don't realize how our choices effect others. if someone positivity affects our lives, we should tell them.