Learning!

________ broke the constraints of ________, which emphasized that learning was the direct consequence of conditioning to stimuli.

Latent learning: behaviorism

Reinforcement differs from punishment in that _____________.

reinforcement is any outcome that leads to an increase in a behavior and punishment is an outcome that leads to a decrease in a behavior

Sven eats popcorn every time he goes to the movies. He goes to a new theatre with no concessions and finds that his mouth is watering for popcorn the entire time. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?

watching a movie

________ occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment.

Associative learning

____________ is well known for his research on animals and pigeons. He even created an operant conditioning chamber designed to reward animals for specific behaviors.

B. F. Skinner

___________is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus

Extinction

Money is an example of which type of enforcer?

Secondary

During ________, the neutral stimulus begins to elicit the conditioned response, and eventually the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus capable of eliciting the conditioned response by itself.

acquisition

In classical conditioning, organisms learn to

associate events that repeatedly happen together.

Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.

classical conditioning : operant conditioning

If Jamal is teaching his son to say please and gives him a high-five each time he says it, then he is reinforcing his behavior on a ________ reinforcement schedule.

continuous

How could you design an experiment around the social learning theory?

determine how long it takes someone to master a complex yoga move by looking at someone else

When Rosalie falls asleep at a park next to an elementary school, the ringing bell wakes her up. She immediately jumps to her feet and starts to pack up her bag because she has been conditioned to think the ringing bell signifies the end of class and the need to go somewhere else. When Rosalie was little, before ever attending school, the sound of a bell was a

neutral stimulus

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.

occurs as a result of experience.

in _________, we reward successive approximations of a target behavior.

shaping

Jarren wants his dog to play dead when he says "bang, bang!" so he begins by giving him a treat each time that he crouches down after giving the command. Eventually he'll get him to roll over and then to lay on his back with his legs outstretched. This is an example of

shaping.