Learning curve 3

During which of Jean Piaget's stages of sensorimotor development does adaptation FIRST occur?

2

Sarah weighed 7 pounds at birth and now weighs 28 pounds.

2 years old.

Tom is a 1-year-old boy who weighed 8 pounds at birth. He is now likely to weigh about _____ pounds

24

A game in which a father hides his face and then reveals it while saying "peek-a-boo" is fun for an 8-month-old because of the child's emerging sense of:

object permanence

As of 1980, which disease has been wholly eliminated through immunization, with vaccination no longer being needed?

smallpox

According to Noam Chomsky, languages across the world share a fundamental pattern, or _____ grammar. This structure helps children acquire language quickly.

universal

Which choice BEST expresses the prevalence of co-sleeping in the United States and Canada?

10-15

Baby Olivia is 2 months old and sleeps 20 hours per day. About _____ in 20 infants sleep more than 19 hours each day.

1

Which statement is TRUE about language development?

All babies go through the same sequence of language development, although timing may differ.

Which statement is CORRECT concerning potential national differences in the amount of time that 2-year-olds sleep?

There are sizeable national differences in the amount of time that 2-year-olds sleep. For example, toddlers in New Zealand sleep 2 hours more per day than do toddlers in Japan.

Each of the following infants sees someone else pick up a toy flute and blow on it. Who will be the MOST likely to try to blow on the flute if given the toy the next day?

Trey, a 15-month-old boy

Tristan's 17-month-old daughter has an extensive vocabulary and can create both two- and three-word combinations. B. F. Skinner would say that:

Tristan repeated words and reinforced her daughter's attempts at language.

What occurs in the brain during the pruning process?

Unused neurons and misconnected dendrites shrink and die.

Research has demonstrated that infants as young as three months can remember after two weeks if provided with:

a reminder session.

Linda and Gary, having returned home with their week-old child after a difficult birth, feel that they cannot separate from their baby at night. Consequently, they allow the baby to share their bed. This practice is called:

bed sharing

Professor Sanchez believes that children acquire language through reinforcement from adults, especially their parents. He believes that child-directed speech is a type of reinforcement. Professor Sanchez is advocating the _____ theory of language development.

behaviorist

Some of the latest walkers in the world are in:

china

Hair cells in Ira's basilar membrane detect a series of high-pitched tones. Ira recognizes the ring tone assigned to calls from his mother. Ira remembers he had neglected to call his mother the night before as he had promised. When Ira remembers the promise, he is demonstrating:

cognition

_____ differences in communication appear to influence the ratio of nouns to verbs and adjectives used by new talkers.

cultural

During a cookout, 3-year-old Jamie asked her mom for a cookie before dinner. Her mother told her that she had to wait until after dinner. Jamie immediately threw a tantrum and was given a cookie to silence her. One-year-old Nadia was watching this event. The next day when, despite never having thrown a tantrum before, Nadia threw a tantrum when her mother tried to get her to finish her dinner. Jean Piaget would refer to this behavior as _____.

deferred imitation.

Small body movements, especially of the hands and feet, are referred to as _____ motor skills.

fine

Elise is 5 days old. She will MOST likely prefer hearing:

her mother's language over an unknown language.

Meena cannot be vaccinated because of her allergies, but she is protected to some degree from catching childhood diseases because of _____ immunity, which means that at least 90 percent of people in her local community have been immunized.

herd

Mike and Cynthia are bankers, and both earn a great deal of money. They are determined not to deny their children anything that money can buy. Consequently, they have bought their children a multitude of spinning, buzzing, multitextured, and multicolored toys. Mike and Cynthia are convinced that their children will grow up to be geniuses. The text suggests that such toys:

may be a waste of time and money since infants can be overstimulated by them.

Improvements to public health are the primary reason childhood _____ has declined over the past several decades.

mortality

The text suggests that immunization rate is _____ correlated with infant mortality rate.

negatively

Interpretation is to _____ as detection is to _____.

perception, sensation

Emma baby-proofed all the lower cabinets in her kitchen when her son began to crawl. She knew his recognition, or _____, of stimuli was more advanced than his _____, or the ability to think about them.

perception; cognition

Fanny's photoreceptors detect light and dark stimuli. Cortical processing then allows her to recognize the words in her psychology textbook. As she reads, Fanny relates the information to her own experiences. Fanny's recognition of the words illustrates _____. When she relates the information to her experiences, Fanny is demonstrating _____.

perception; cognition

Emily is looking forward to the prom and is helping plan the dance. She has set a limit on how much she can spend on a dress. These actions are a sign that her _____ cortex has matured.

prefrontal

Dead-heading a flower refers to the elimination of a dead bloom to make way for new growth. This is similar to the process in the brain called ____, when unused neurons and misconnected dendrites die to enable new brain activity.

pruning

Which term is used to describe the process in which unused neurons die?

pruning

Tamika and Tyree are trying to decide whether they should let the infant they are expecting in two months sleep in their bed. All of the following are possible benefits of bed-sharing EXCEPT:

reduced chances of sudden infant death.

Four-year-old Mosola, who lives in western Africa, is short for his age. He often has only one bowl of yams a day to eat. He could be suffering from the condition called:

stunting

Babies probably like listening to lullabies because:

the words often rhyme and are repeated.