LearningCurve 3

Two eggs have been fertilized by two sperm at roughly the same time. _____ twins will result

Dizygotic

There are billions of _____ in the human brain that process information, resulting in cognitive processes and behaviors.

Neurons

_____ syndrome refers to a phenomenon in which patients with amputations continue to experience sensations where the missing body part would be

Phantom limb

The _____ is the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a neuron's membrane.

Resting potential

What did Roger Sperry observe in split-brain patients?

The surgery did not seem to affect their everyday behavior.

Heritability refers to

a measure of variability of traits that is accounted for by genetics.

Malfunction of the _____ often leads to movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

basal ganglia

_____ cells have a single axon and a single dendrite.

bipolar

The central nervous system is composed of the

brain and spinal cord

If the neurotransmitter dopamine is released into the synapse, and the receiving dendrites have dopamine and serotonin receptors, the dopamine:

can bind only to the dopamine receptors.

The first stage of communication between neurons consists of a(n) _____ signal down the axon, and the second stage consists of a(n) _____ signal across the synapse.

electrical; chemical

Which animal group has the MOST defined and complex forebrain?

humans

temporal lobe

is responsible for hearing and language.

frontal lobe

is specialized for movement, planning, memory, and judgment.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) works by

measuring the rate and direction of diffusion or movement of water molecules along white matter pathways so that information about the direction in which water molecules diffuse can be used to determine where a white matter pathway goes.

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine is involved in:

mood and arousal.

Amber steps on a piece of glass. Her sensory neurons allow her to feel the pain from the cut, while her _____ allow her to lift her leg so that the foot can move off the glass.

motor neurons

____ refers to the ability of the cortex to adapt to change.

plasticity

Which technique exposes people to radioactive materials?

positron emission tomography (PET)

parietal lobe

processes information about touch

In one study, stimulation of the _____ in sleeping cats caused them to awaken immediately

reticular formation

Which components make up the major parts of the peripheral nervous system

the autonomic and somatic nervous systems

A person could survive with only the hindbrain and the midbrain because these portions of the brain are involved in:

vital functions and orientation.