LearningCurve 5a&b

Jett is celebrating his sixth birthday. Which life stage has he just completed?

early childhood

False-belief studies convinced developmentalists that Jean Piaget's ideas about _______ egocentrism had serious flaws.

preoperational

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects roughly _____ children in the United States.

1 in 88

Obesity becomes more difficult to change after age:

2

Early childhood spans age _____ to 5.

3

Jeanine is considered to be in the early childhood stage of development. This means she must be between age 3 and:

5

Academic learning depends upon _____.

fine motor skills

To physiologically mature, a female's frontal lobes take until she reaches:

her twenties.

In early childhood the areas of the brain that show the MOST myelination are the motor and _____ areas.

sensory

Lev Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as the:

skills that a person can learn only with assistance or through help from others, not yet independently.

The frontal lobes develop:

slowly and allow humans to consider options and inhibit their immediate responses.

Lev Vygotsky's term for what children can learn provided they are given assistance or help is:

zone of proximal development.

Pruning of the frontal lobes does not begin until a person reaches about _____ years old.

٩

Despite the fact that both rows have 6 buttons, Monroe thinks there are more buttons in the row that is spread further apart than in the row that is spaced closely together. The reason Monroe is focused on the length of the rows rather than the number of buttons is called:

centering.

The tendency for a young child to fixate on the most striking visual feature of an item or substance is called:

centering.

To physiologically mature, a male's frontal lobes take until he reaches:

his twenties.

Today, the top-ranking health disorder among U.S. children affects roughly one in nine children. It is:

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

_____ are the sound units that convey meaning in a given language; for example, in English, the c sound of cat.

Phonemes

_____ is a limited-capacity gateway system containing all the material that one can keep in awareness at a single time.

Working memory

Humans have _____ than other species

a larger cerebral cortex

When a child says "My daddy made the moon," he is showing:

artificialism

Jean Piaget believed that humans develop preoperational intelligence:

between the ages of about 2 and 6.

What are humans able to do that no other animals can do?

build on each generation's intellectual advances.

Which term involves focusing on one idea or aspect of something, to the exclusion of all others?

centering

In Piaget's theory, _____ refers to a child's knowledge that a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape or form.

conservation

The principle that the amount of a substance remains the same despite changes in its appearance is called:

conservation

Childhood obesity started to become a serious problem in the United States:

during the 1980s.

Jeremy is celebrating his third birthday. Which life stage has he just entered?

early childhood

This is not NOT a major factor that may help prevent lifelong obesity:

elementary lunch programs

What approach to treating ADHD may stimulate neurogenesis?

exercise

Theory-of-mind abilities are tested via:

false-belief tasks.

Skills that involve small body movements, such as pouring liquids and cutting food, are called:

fine motor skills.

Chelsea is 18 years old and has just acquired her driver's license. Despite her mother's warnings, she still acts impulsively when she drives. For example, she always speeds up to "beat" yellow lights, and she changes lanes without looking. Chelsea's impulsivity may be caused by the slow development of her: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

frontal lobes.

The brain region that lets humans consider options and inhibit their immediate responses is called the:

frontal lobes.

Poor nutrition in the developing world can cause all of the following EXCEPT:

genetic disorders.

At age two, a child is still quite clumsy and may fall down frequently or bump into stationary objects. This is because his or her gross motor skills are:

immature but will improve dramatically over the next few years.

In Vygotsky's theory, _____ is one way in which humans learn to regulate their behavior and master cognitive challenges, through silently repeating information.

inner speech

Pick the top-ranking global issue affecting children's physical and mental development.

lack of adequate food

Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child's belief that nothing that is done can be undone?

lack of reversibility

Compared to thin people, obese people are:

less likely to finish college.

Four-year-old Ron has good fine motor skills; this suggests that he:

may learn to write at an early age.

Ellen is 7 years old. She is in the _____ stage of life.

middle childhood

A child's first words are often "da da" or "ma ma." These sound units-although not actual words-that convey meaning are called:

phonemes.

Which term is associated with Lev Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

scaffolding

As a society, which is NOT an essential step toward combating childhood obesity?

putting overweight children on strict diets

Which environmental intervention is helpful in relieving Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms?

regular recess breaks

U.S. prejudice against obese children has _____ over the past few decades.

risen

Scaffolding involves:

tailoring one's teaching to match a student's competence level.

Which is NOT a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to research discussed in the text?

the mother's education level

The emergence of theory of mind is NOT predicted by:

the size of the amygdala.

Vygotsky called the difference between what children can do and what they can potentially do:

the zone of proximal development.

Renee Baillargeon's experiment involving two kinds of false-belief sequences showed how _______ can develop before toddlers can articulate their understanding in words.

theory of mind

Piaget _____ young children's cognitive capacities.

underestimated

the top-ranking children's health issue in the developing world is:

undernutrition

Armando is in middle childhood. That means he is between the ages of:

6 and 11.

Middle childhood refers to boys and girls ages:

6 to 11.

Why can't 1-year-old children be potty trained?

Their neurons have not myelinated, and their frontal lobes have not developed

Why can't 1-year-old children be potty trained?

Their neurons have not myelinated, and their frontal lobes have not developed.

During the _____ stage children can reason about substances and physical reality in an adult way but cannot yet think abstractly.

concrete operations

During early childhood, the neurons in the _______ are in their pruning phase. This explains why, compared to impulse control, humans rapidly develop vision and master basic physical milestones such as walking, at a relatively young age.

visual and motor cortices