lecture 10 test bank
In the United States, it is estimated that 15% of the population are vegetarians. a. True b. False
false
Only people who follow a macrobiotic diet exclude all animal products from their diets. a. True b. False
false
The assembly of amino acids into proteins is directed by RNA. a. True b. False
false
There is one set of dietary recommendations that is appropriate for all vegetarian dietary patterns. a. True b. False
false
To obtain maximum muscle strength, one should take amino acid supplements daily. a. True b. False
false
We need a fresh supply of nonessential amino acids daily. a. True b. False
false
A lacto-vegetarian will eat _____. a. yogurt b. trout c. turkey d. eggs e. lamb
a
DHA and EPA are found primarily in _____. a. poultry b. fish and seafood c. milk d. fruit e. red meat
b
How many common amino acids form proteins? a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40 e. 50
b
The RDA for iron for women aged 19 to 30 years is _____ milligrams. a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25 e. 30
b
Current research has found that a macrobiotic diet can lead to a long life. a. True b. False
false
DHA and EPA are found primarily in plant foods. a. True b. False
false
Essential amino acid or protein supplements by themselves can increase muscle size and strength. a. True b. False
false
Essential amino acids consumed in foods are stored for a long period of time. a. True b. False
false
Every protein in the body is composed of the same combination of amino acids. a. True b. False
false
A part of the world's population that does not have the luxury of choosing an assortment of food subsists on vegetarian diets because _____. a. meat and other animal products are scarce or too expensive b. of a desire to preserve the environment c. of a desire to gain weight d. of political reasons e. of a desire to lower the risk of developing a particular condition
a
Diets that provide too little protein are mostly likely deficient in _____. a. vitamin B12 b. vitamin D c. calcium d. sodium e. potassium
a
EPA can be obtained, to some extent, from sources of _____. a. DHA b. vitamin D c. calcium d. phytochemicals e. fiber
a
If any of the essential amino acids are missing from the diet, proteins _____. a. are needed in larger amounts than nonessential amino acids b. will be formed using a nonessential amino acid c. will be formed using glucose in place of the missing essential amino acid d. will be formed using fatty acids in place of the missing essential amino acid e. will be formed using cholesterol in place of the missing essential amino acid
a
Nearly half of the protein found in the human body is _____. a. found in muscle b. present in the skin c. present in the blood d. present in enzymes e. in organs such as the heart
a
Which food has the highest protein content (percentage of total calories)? a. tuna (3 oz) b. cottage cheese (1⁄2 cup) c. skim milk (1 cup) d. tofu (1⁄2 cup) e. leg of lamb (3 oz)
a
Which vitamin is naturally found only in animal products? a. B12 b. E c. K d. A e. C
a
Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth, pregnancy, _____, and recovery from illness or injury. a. fasting b. breastfeeding c. undernutrition d. burns
b
Protein contains _____ calories per gram. a. two b. four c. five d. seven e. nine
b
The RDA for adults for calcium is _____ mg. a. 800 b. 1,000 c. 1,200 d. 1,400 e. 1,600
b
nonessential amino acids
amino acids that can be readily be produced by humans from components of the diet
essential amino acids
amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans
A vegan will eat _____. a. chicken b. almonds c. cheese d. trout e. ice cream
b
The primary structure of proteins is _____. a. a branched arrangement of linked amino acids b. a linear arrangement of linked amino acids c. folded chains of amino acids d. a three-dimensional structure e. multiple, linked chains of amino acids
b
We need a fresh supply of essential amino acids _____. a. at every meal b. daily c. at least every other day d. weekly e. monthly
b
Which amino acid is essential? a. asparagine b. tryptophan c. glycine d. glutamine e. proline
b
Which nutrient is most likely to be lacking in the diets of vegetarians? a. vitamin C b. calcium c. vitamin K d. potassium e. sodium
b
Which protein source has the highest iron content? a. hamburger b. pork chop c. tuna d. shrimp e. baked chicken
b
Which source of protein is considered an incomplete protein? a. cheese b. pinto beans c. skim milk d. eggs e. fish
b
Which type of diet excludes all animal products? a. lacto-ovo vegetarian b. vegan c. pesco-vegetarian d. semi-vegetarian e. lacto-vegetarian
b
high intake of protein increases _____ need. a. glucose b. water c. fat d. iron e. calcium
b
High-protein diets are often accompanied by high _____ intake. a. carbohydrate b. added sugar c. fat d. fiber e. alcohol
c
People who are vegetarians tend to avoid _____. a. physical activity b. social interactions c. tobacco d. sugar e. cooked food
c
The National Academy of Sciences has concluded that the risk of the development of weak bones, kidney stones, cancer, heart disease, and obesity does not appear to be increased among individuals consuming _____% of total calories from protein. a. 5-15 b. 10-20 c. 10-35 d. 20-40 e. 30-45
c
The process of protein turnover utilizes roughly _____ ounces of protein each day. a. three b. six c. nine d. twelve e. fifteen
c
There are _____ essential amino acids. a. 2 b. 5 c. 9 d. 11 e. 20
c
Which combination of foods provide a complete protein? a. rice and raisins b. tofu and green peas c. rice and dried beans d. bread and butter e. peanut butter and an apple
c
Which food is a source of complete protein? a. oatmeal b. carrots c. salmon d. hummus e. brown rice
c
Dietary guidelines for vegetarians generally recommend _____ servings of grains. a. 1-2 b. 2-4 c. 4-5 d. 4 or more e. 6 or more
e
A semi-vegetarian will generally exclude _____. a. milk b. eggs c. fish d. beef e. plant foods
d
Consumption of 45% of total calories from protein is related to the development of symptoms such as _____. a. heartburn b. constipation c. vomiting d. nausea e. increased muscle mass
d
Dietary guidelines for vegetarians generally recommend _____ servings of legumes and nuts. a. 1-2 b. 2-3 c. 3-4 d. 5 or more e. 7 or more
d
Diets of non-vegetarians are most likely to be lacking in _____. . a. vitamin C b. vitamin E c. folic acid d. fiber e. niacin
d
Essential amino acids _____. a. are needed in larger amounts than nonessential amino acids b. are only found in fortified breakfast cereals c. are more important than the nonessential amino acids d. must be obtained from the diet e. are also referred to as "dispensable amino acids"
d
Hemoglobin is an example of a _____ type of protein structure. a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. quinary
d
High-protein diets are often accompanied by low _____ intakes. a. carbohydrate b. added sugar c. fat d. fiber e. alcohol
d
Inadequate protein intake is related to _____ in children. a. impulsiveness b. slower reaction times c. hyperactivity d. decreased growth e. violent behavior
d
Meat and dairy analogs may be high in _____. a. sodium only b. calories only c. cholesterol only d. sodium and calories e. calories and cholesterol
d
Some vegetarians may exclude all foods from animal sources including _____. a. legumes b. soy milk c. syrup d. honey e. agave nectar
d
Tests have shown _____ to be complete protein sources for children and adults. a. refried beans b. hummus c. black-eyed peas d. soy proteins e. corn
d
The RDA for adults for vitamin D is _____ mcg. a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9 e. 11
d
The RDA for protein is _____ grams for adult women and _____ grams for adult men. a. 25; 35 b. 32; 42 c. 41; 49 d. 46; 56 e. 50; 62
d
The tertiary structure of proteins is _____. a. a branched arrangement of linked amino acids b. a linear arrangement of linked amino acids c. folded chains of amino acids d. a three-dimensional structure e. multiple, linked chains of amino acids
d
What is a good source of DHA for vegetarians? a. sunlight b. tomato sauce c. coconut oil d. algae supplements e. olive oil
d
What is a good source of vitamin D for vegetarians? a. green leaf lettuce b. kale c. bananas d. sunlight e. algae supplements
d
A person following a vegetarian diet should _____. a. take a protein supplement b. take a vitamin D supplement c. take an EPA supplement d. take a fiber supplement e. assess his or her diet before deciding to take a supplement
e
Proteins _____. a. are only found in animal products b. cushion vital organs c. are critical for nerve function d. function as an insulator to preserve body heat e. are a major component of hormones
e
Robert is an older adult who wants to increase his strength and has recently started a resistance training program. To maximize gains, Robert should consume _____ grams of high-quality protein shortly after his workout. a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 30 e. 40
e
The USDA's current food guide recommends that vegetables, fruits, and grains should make up about ______ of a plate of food. a. one-eighth b. one-fourth c. one-half d. two-thirds e. three-fourths
e
The body needs a sufficient supply of each essential amino acid if it is to build and replace protein substances such as _____. a. red blood cells b. triglycerides c. enzymes d. red blood cells and triglycerides e. red blood cells and enzymes
e
What is a benefit of vegetarian-style healthy dietary patterns? a. macrobiotic diets can cure cancer b. greater inner peace c. the raw food diet can treat irritable bowel syndrome d. reduced risk of type 1 diabetes e. reduced risk of obesity
e
Which food has the lowest protein content (percentage of total calories)? a. tuna (3 oz) b. cottage cheese (1⁄2 cup) c. skim milk (1 cup) d. tofu (1⁄2 cup) e. leg of lamb (3 oz)
e
Which food is a good source of vitamin B12 for vegetarians? a. kale b. turnip greens c. tofu d. collard greens e. cereal
e
Which protein source is considered a complete source of protein for adults but may not meet the essential amino acid requirements for young infants? a. oatmeal b. whole wheat bread c. lima beans d. peanut butter e. soybeans
e
Which source of protein is considered a complete protein? a. corn b. rice c. lima beans d. peanuts e. milk
e
A lacto-vegetarian only consumes fruits and vegetables. a. True b. False
false
A nutrient most likely to be lacking in vegetarian diets is fiber. a. True b. False
false
A person following a fruitarian diet can sustain good health for an extended period of time. a. True b. False
false
Amino acid supplements are harmless no matter how much is taken. a. True b. False
false
Compared to a Western-style dietary pattern, vegetarianism is associated with improved blood lipid levels and lower blood pressure but not a reduced risk of heart disease. a. True b. False
false
Complete proteins contain all eleven nonessential amino acids. a. True b. False
false
Consumption of 45% of total calories from protein is considered safe for athletes. a. True b. False
false
DNA
genetic material contained in cells that directs the production of proteins in the body
incomplete proteins
proteins that are deficient in one or more essential amino acids
complete proteins
proteins that contain all of the essential amino acids in amounts needed to support growth and tissue maintenance
hormone
substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another
Careful examination of nutrition information labels on meat and dairy analog products is important for individuals who are sensitive to MSG. a. True b. False
true
Corn and lima beans together provide a complete protein. a. True b. False
true
Dietary patterns consisting only of plant foods can provide an adequate amount of complete proteins. a. True b. False
true
Diets consisting of primarily of raw foods have come in and out of fashion for hundreds of years. a. True b. False
true
Dried beans and grains are good sources of protein. a. True b. False
true
Even lean meats provide a considerable proportion of their total calories as fat. a. True b. False
true
For a number of vegetarian regimes, the spiritual or emotional importance assigned to certain foods supersedes consideration of their contribution to an adequate diet. a. True b. False
true
In general, vegetarians tend to be health conscious. a. True b. False
true
Macrobiotic diets strongly favor organic and locally produced foods over other foods. a. True b. False
true
Meat and dairy analogs may contain egg whites or whey. a. True b. False
true
Milk is a complete protein. a. True b. False
true
Protein does not have a storage form in the body. a. True b. False
true
Protein serves as an energy source. a. True b. False
true
Red blood cells are made primarily from protein. a. True b. False
true
Religious beliefs or cultural values may be a reason people adopt vegetarian diets. a. True b. False
true
The FDA has approved the addition of vitamin D to soy-based foods. a. True b. False
true
The more restrictive the vegetarian dietary pattern, the more likely it is that intake of certain nutrients recommended. will be lower than a. True b. False
true
Vegetarian-style healthy dietary patterns are similar in many ways to the DASH and Mediterranean dietary patterns. a.true b.false
true
Vegetarianism is becoming more mainstream in economically developed countries around the world. a. True b. False
true
Vegetarians can meet their needs for calcium by consuming fortified foods. a. True b. False
true
Worldwide hundreds of millions of people follow a vegetarian diet. a. True b. False
true
