Lecture 2: OSHA Blood Borne Pathogens Procedures & Regulations

It takes a very small amount of blood to infect, _____ contains up to ________ of infectious particles

1mm contains 100 million

Preventive measures (HBV vaccination)

1st line of defense against infection with HBV, the vaccination contains 3 shots in the upper arm over 6 months, OSHA standard provides it for free

sharp disposal containers should never be more than ______ full

3/4

% of HBV-infected individuals that develop jaundice VS. the % of infected individuals who progress to the chronic form of hepatitis. !!!

30% vs 10%

Typical incubation period (in days) in which the infected person may not exhibit any symptoms at all

45-180 days

% of HCV-infected individuals who progress to a chronic form VS infected individuals who develop active liver disease !!!

75%-85% VS 70%

approximately ____% of infected individuals will have no symptoms at all and there is no vaccine for HCV

80

Exposure control plan

A plan to protect employees from exposure using OSHA standards

Name the subset of lymphocytes that serves as the primary target of the HIV virus

CD4 helper T cells

parenteral exposure

Exposure to infectious materials that results from piercing or puncturing the skin.

which hepatic infections are blood borne pathogen

HBV (Hepatitis B) & HCV (Hepatitis C)

Name the 3 bloodborne pathogens that are most likely to be present in human body fluids and are of the greatest concern for healthcare workers

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Occupational Exposure Standard (OSHA Blood Borne Pathogen Standard)

The regulations are LAW

Preventive measures (observance of Standard Precautions)

all blood and body fluids should be treated as if they are infectious and can transmit disease, they always apply to blood, fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, mucous membranes

What body fluids are most likely to transfer HBV

blood, semen, vaginal secretions, (any fluid visibly contaminated with blood) saliva w blood, NOT sweat

how is Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) most often spread

contact with infected blood and OPIM (other infectious material)

Control methods (Engineering controls- what is)

devices that isolate the worker from the hazard of exposure

sweat can transmit _____ but not these other ones listed

ebola

Exposure control plan must include

exposure determination (list of jobs that could expose you), specifics measures to minimize your risk, procedures to follow if you are exposed.

4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

eye protection, gloves, lab coats/aprons

symptoms that the individual may exhibit following a HIV exposure

fever, headache, fatigue, silent disease, leads to AIDS

Transporting Specimens

in the approbate sealed container and then in a secondary red/biohazard bag, or facility approved tray

What does hepatitis mean

inflammation of the liver

why is HAV not considered blood borne pathogen

its main mode of transmission is through fecal-oral and ingestion of contaminated water/food

Exposure incident

occurs when blood or OPIM comes into direct contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin

Control methods (Engineering controls- what does it include)

self-sheathing needles, sharp disposal containers, disposable resuscitation bags, biological safety cabinets, hand washing facilities

3 ways in which HIV can be spread to a new host.

sexual contact, puncture with a contaminated sharp, child birth

Control methods (work practice controls)

specifics on how to perform a task and restrictions apply

Name 3 ways in which HBV can be introduced into a new host

through an opening/sore, puncture with a contaminated needle, direct contact with mucus membranes

if exposure occurs you should immediately

wash hands and that area with soapy water, contact supervisor immediately