lecture 7: psychoanalytic

describe the Davis & Schwartz, 1987 study

-Describe good and bad childhood experiences -Repressors remembered fewer bad -*But also fewer good ones*

describe the Weinberger et al., 1979 study

-Measured participants' anxiety and defensiveness -Repressors: low (reported) anxiety; high defensiveness -Showed them unpleasant phrases

results of the Djiksterhuis et al., 2006 study:

-Those who were *distracted* chose better when choosing among *12*! -Those who were *actively thinking about it* chose better when choosing among *4*!

Repressor people: -are dispositionally ____ and _____ -they repress both ____ and ____ experiences -Dampen emotion while ____ experiences are happening

-anxious; defensive -pleasant; unpleasant -unpleasant

Assuming you're ONLY thinking about this question right now, which of the following pieces of information is currently in your *conscious* mind? A. This question B. Who you voted for in the last election C. Why you like doing adventurous things (something you've never thought about before) D. A conversation you had with a friend last night

A

Assuming people are similar to you in order to rationalize your traits or behavior -Ex: most people are selfish so it's okay that I am -Ex: no one comes to class, so it's okay that I don't

False consensus effect

Refusing to see the facts -Could involve re-interpreting the facts -Could involve accepting responsibility for success but not for failure -Could involve minimizing

denial

Assuming you're ONLY thinking about this question right now, which of the following pieces of information is currently in your *preconscious* mind? *(this question has two answers)* A. This question B. Who you voted for in the last election C. Why you like doing adventurous things (something you've never thought about before) D. A conversation you had with a friend last night

B and D

Assuming you're ONLY thinking about this question right now, which of the following pieces of information is currently in your *unconscious* mind? A. This question B. Who you voted for in the last election C. Why you like doing adventurous things (something you've never thought about before) D. A conversation you had with a friend last night

C

Ryan just finished watching a video in which the phrase "shop at Publix" was presented subliminally. How might this affect Ryan? A. It will make him want to shop at Publix B. It will make him not want to shop at Publix C. When asked to make a list of grocery stores, he will think of Publix quickly D. When asked to make a list of grocery stores, he will forget about Publix

C

According to Freud... The mind consists of what 3 parts?

Conscious, preconscious, unconscious

In 2020, you went to several big group events in spite of the pandemic. You told yourself it was okay because everyone else was doing it. Which defense mechanism were you using? A. False memory B. Displacement C. Repressed memory D. False consensus effect

D

Your beloved pet fish died when you were 5 years old. This was very difficult for you. As an adult, you no longer remember this having happened. Which of the following is this scenario illustrating? A. a false memory B. The false consensus effect D. The conscious mind D. a repressed memory

D

answer this question in regards to unconscious information is simply information that we don't think about: Why are you attracted to your boyfriend?

Given enough time, you might realize he reminds you of your dad

describe the Djiksterhuis et al., 2006 study

Have you ever needed to make an important decision and someone told you to "just sleep on it?" This study looked at that... -Choose the best of 4 cars OR choose the best of 12 -Half of participants thought about it for 4 minutes -Other half were distracted for 4 minutes

what is a false memory?

People sometimes think they've remembered something that was repressed when that thing actually never happened

potential awareness -What did you have for dinner last night? -What is your earliest memory? -How do you really feel about your boyfriend?

Preconscious

what is information that you are not thinking of currently, but you could call to your awareness though you have the potential to bring it into your conscious mind?

Preconscious

results of the Weinberger et al., 1979 study

Repressors said they weren't distressed, but physiologically showed high distress

give an example of subliminal messages

Saying phrases in a song too quickly to be registered

registering stimuli below the level of conscious awareness

Subliminal

***what is the difference between a repressed memory and a false memory?***

a repressed memory is it did happen, but I'm trying not to think about it (I don't want to remember it). A false memory is kind of the opposite. It didn't happen, but I do remember it happening.

The unconscious mind may be good at making SIMPLE OR COMPLEX decisions?

complex

current awareness -what am I going to have for dinner -it's cold in here -my partner hasn't texted me back -Freud was weird

conscious

Spreading activation causes people to have what type of memories?

constructive

remembering something inaccurately

constructive memories

Redirecting impulses onto something/someone that is "safer" -Ex: getting mad at your boss, but taking it out on your partner -Attempts to avoid recognizing your inappropriate feelings

displacement

does repression occur during unpleasant experiences or while recalling them?

during unpleasant experiences (not while recalling them)

when you displace anger, who is it directed towards?

everyone around you

repression is linked to people with : -HIGH OR LOW anxiety? -HIGH OR LOW self reported anxiety? -HIGH OR LOW defensiveness?

high; low; high

In daily reports of experiences, Repressor people reported MORE OR LESS negative emotion?

less

Concepts that are similar are stored together

networks of associations

Subliminal messages can influence our thinking... but, do they make us do things?

no (subliminal messages don't make us do things)

According to empirical research, is unconscious information repressed or not repressed?

not repressed

what is the goal of Defense Mechanisms?

reduce anxiety and maintain self-esteem

Concepts that are SIMILAR OR DIFFERENT are stored together?

similar

When recalling experiences, repressor people were MOSTLY OR SLIGHTLY different from non-repressor people

slightly

where one concept you encounter in daily life activates or spreads two related concepts in your brain. -Ex: I activated the concept "bed" in your brain, Then it spread to similar concepts - such as sleep. Those similar concepts were activated too.

spreading activation

***how is spreading activation associated with a constructive memory?***

spreading activation is the process through which our memory constructs things that may not have happened in a certain way.

Information can get into our mind without us being aware of the information

subliminal perception

In the Weinberger et al., 1979 study, why did people not remember the full unpleasant experience?

they repressed it.

Subliminal messages make us quicker to ____ about related information & more accessible to _____ awareness

think; conscious

what you can't access -why you're attracted to your partner -why you like going to big parties -why it's so hard to open up to your mom

unconscious

Y/N: can we access unconscious information?

yes

The unconscious mind may be good at making complex decisions because....

you can only hold so many pieces of information in your conscious mind at once