LEGAL, ETHICAL & MORAL ISSUES OF HEALTH CARE
Morality
A system of conduct that is right and wrong.
Ethics
A set of principles relating to what is morally right or wrong; providing a standard of conduct or code of behavior. Ethical practices are usually the basis of most dealings between persons in a profession.
Autonomy (self-governance)
Having the freedom to make choices about issues that affect one's life.
Legal responsibilities
Actions or behaviors authorized or based on law created and enforced by the governmer to promote a sense of security for each individual.
Right to appropriate medical care and humane treatment
Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding to his state of health, without any discrimination and within the limits of the resources, manpower and competence available for health and medical care at the relevant time.
Right to be informed of his rights and obligations as a patient
Every person has the right to be informed of his rights and obligations as a patient.
Beneficence
Example after a vehicular accident the patient was rush to the emergency where senectomy was performed due to the damage from accident without the patient's consent.
Justice
Example a person is unconscious and have a tag with no transfering blood and you still transfer blood to him.
Ethics
Example pameth that set a rule for the code of ethics for medical technologies.
Autonomy
Example in Major Ethical Principles If you want your blood to be extracted or you don't, you have the right to choose it is
Justice
Fairness; to give to each one what he deserves or what is his due.
Autonomy
If patients are conscious
a. To be able to make responsible decisions through correct moral reasoning and well-grounded judgment in healthcare situations. b. To enhance competence by understanding the patient c. To face complex ethical challenges that resulted from bioscientific developments d. Basis for legislation and public policy
Importance of Bioethics/ Health ethics
Right to information
In the course of his/her treatment and hospital care, the patient or his/her legal guardian has a right to be informed of the result of the evaluation, of the nature and extent of his/her disease, any other additional or further contemplated medical treatment on
- Autonomy (self-governance) - Justice - Beneficence - Nonmaleficence
Major Ethical Principles
Beneficence
Our morals and ethics should be on this side, where we deliver good services ro our patients, when we extract them we extract them correctly.
- Right to appropriate medical care and humane treatment - Right to informed consent - Right to privacy and confidentiality - Right to information - Right to choose health care provider and facility - Right to self-determination - Right to religious belief - Right to Medical records - Right to leave - Right to refuse participation in medical research - Right to correspondence and to receive visitors - Right to express grievances - Right to be informed of his rights and obligations as a patient
Patient's Rights as declared in the Philippines Patient's Bill of Rights
Immorality or Immoral
People who can't distinguish right and wrong.
Morality
Principle doing right or wrong whether u have learned it from home, school or environments. Own principle
Ethics
Principles or rules that are external source.
Bioethics
The discipline devoted to the articulation of good decisions in the practice of heal care. (Paula, Walker & Nixon, 2010)
Right to informed consent
The patient has a right to a clear, truthful and substantial explanation, in a manner and language understandable o the patient, of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side effects, problems related to recuperation, and probability of success and reasonable risks involved:
Right to self-determination
The patient has the right to avail himself/herself of any recommended diagnostic and treatment procedures. Any person of legal age and of sound mind may make an advance written directive for physicians to administer terminal care when he/she suffers from the terminal phase of a terminal illness:
Right to correspondence and to receive visitors
The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and other persons and to receive visitors subject to reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health care institution.
Right to express grievances
The patient has the right to express complaints and grievances about the care and services received without fear of discrimination or reprisal and to know about the disposition of such complaints.
Right to leave
The patient has the right to leave the hospital or any other health care institution regardless of his physical condition:
Right to religious belief
The patient has the right to refuse medical treatment or procedures which may be contrary to his religious beliefs, subject to the limitations described in the preceding subsection:
Right to Medical records
The patient is entitled to a summary of his medical history and condition, at his expense and upon discharge of the patient, he may obtain from the health care institution a reproduction of the same record whether or not he has fully settled his financial obligation with the physician or institution concerned.
Right to choose health care provider and facility
The patient is free to choose the health care provider to serve him as well as the facility except when he is under the care of a service facility or when public health and safety so demands or when the patient expressly or impliedly waives this right.
Right to privacy and confidentiality
The privacy of the patients must be assured at all stages of his treatment. The patient has the right to be free from unwarranted public exposure, except in the following cases:
Beneficence
To do good; provide a benefit
Nonmaleficence
To do no, to prevent, or to remove or not to risk harm (physical, mental, psychological, social, financial, spiritual)
Nonmaleficence
example you're a medical doctor, your patient has a cancer and you learned you have choices of treatment for that patient
Legal responsibilities
law is given to ensure the security of the community to each individual.
Right to refuse participation in medical research
patient has the right to be advised if the health care provider plans to involve him in medical research, including but not limited to human experimentation which may be performed only with the written informed consent of the patient.
Bioethics
practice of healthcare, to discipline, articulation of good decision in the practice of healthcare.
Legal responsibilities
we follow given by the government law, legal responsibility