Legumes

what is the brown outer layer of a peanut and what provides food for the embyro

seed coat. two halves of the nut provide food

what are pulses

seeds of mature(dry) legumes

What is the major legume of Asia

soybean. poor man's meat because extremely high in protein. naturally harvested as a dry fruit. used for milk, vitamin, oil, sauces etc. many dif colored seed coats

what was brought form africa by slaves

okra and black eyed peas

where are chickpeas native?

western asia dn eastern mediterranean

5 Major differences btw corn and teosinthe

1. Non-shattering 2. Softening of hard glume covering 3.restoration of fertility to the pedicelate spikelet int he cupule 4.shortening of the lateral branches, dominance of one ear per lateral branch 5. two ranked to many ranked cupules

why are legumes so important as food plants

Annuals- can harvest every year Dry fruits- can be harvested and stored High in protein- grains have little or no protein. With a partner, they can fix nitrogen. Nutritionally complement grains because they are so high in protein.

mimosoid legume

Desert habitats, used for wood and perfume. acacia subfamily

3 modern changes toc orn

1. increased dominance of major culm 2. hybridization (initially btw dent and flint varieties) 3. development of sweet varieties

scientific name for soybean

Glycine max

What are the 4 major legumes of Eurasia (Near/Mid East)?

Lentils, peas, chickpeas, broad beans

LIma beans

Lima beans are native to the New World and may have been domesticated in both Mexico and Peru South America.- named after Lima

3 major legumes of the new world?

Lima beans, most other beans you can think of (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peanuts

How to make soy milk

Milk made by grinding soybeans, putting it in warm water which dissolves out the carbs, at fats, magnesium salts (precipitates proteins). If you make hot cocoa in milk, the skin forms sheets

symbiotic relationship btw bacterium and humans explanation

Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most limiting in the soil. They are washed away by runoff water . Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere. Simbioitc relationship with nitrogen fixing bacterium. Plants will grow better with n2 given by humans b/c there is no cost. The plant doesn't have to provide food for the bacteria. Bacteria invades the roots and makes round nodules.

Scientific name for peas?

Pisum sativum. mendels famous species

common beans

The primary bean domesticated in the New World. Variety of uses. bulgaris means common. Black, green, pinto, pea, kidney, red, navy are all the same species of common bean. same bean, different coats. often eaten dry. recently eaten in immature form

Nodules?

They grow into the roots themselves with infection threads that take food from the plants. The n2 is made into ammonium which is broken down to nitrites and nitrates for the plants. Plants have excess to nitrogen that enriches the soil when the plant has taken what it needed.

parkinsonia flower

caesalpinioid legume. not a natural group. wetter tropics. woods and perfumes.

what are the 4 sacred plants of NA Indians

common beans, tobacco, corn, squash

major legume of Africa

cow pea/black eyed pea

what is different and similar about the major legumes

diff floral structures same kind of fruits

phaseolus flower

faboid legume. pea flowers with same bean pod fruit. important crop.

how to make soy sauce

ferment soy beans. Dry soy beans and mix them with wheat. Inoculated with a fungus and allowed to ferment. Salt is added and then it is aged. 3 days. 1. mix w HCl 2. hydrolyze with aa's 3. cool to end hydrolysis 4. neutralize w/ NaCo3 5. press and mix w/ active carbon 6. filter 7. blend w corn syrup 8. refine and bottle

fruits of legumes

grow in pods. come from a superior ovary. opens on both sides. legumes are paired with grains

HIghest and lowest legumes in protein

highest- soybeans, broad beans, peanuts lowest-tamarind (doesnt belong int he pea group), carob

what animals depend on legumes

humans, horses and cows. (they like grass and alfalfa, which is apparently a legume too)

what is edmame

immature soybeans. Whole thing is edible but most ppl don't like the fuzzy outside. Soybeans have compounds that don't smell very good.

where is food stored in beans

in the cotyledons. there is no endosperm by the time the seeds are mature

define lens culinaris (lentils)

lens- shape of eye lens. culinaris- used for cooking. lentils grow well in arid areas

broad beans (nativity, structure, where they are popular, illness

native to Meditarranean. long pods w/ thick pericarp. large flat seeds. thick seed coat. popular in canada. associated with favism (degration of red blood cells)

Peanuts (nativity, food storage, where does the fruit produce)

native to SA. half of the seed are tiny leaves that store food for growing plant. fruit produces underneath the soil surface. have NO2 nodules ont he true roots.