Lesson 1

The motherboard houses sockets for the devices that implement the core system functions of a personal computer, what are the core system functions?

compute, storage, and networking

The _________ is the part of a peripheral cable that can be inserted into a port with the same shape or form factor.

connector

Thunderbolt 3 supports up to Gbps over a short, high-quality cable (up to 0.5 m/1.6 ft.).

40

Thunderbolt version 3 changes the physical interface to use the same port, connector, and cabling as .

USB-C

What are the connectors for USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 SuperSpeed USB?

USB-C

What connector type does the USB 3.1 define?

USB-C

USB

Universal Serial Bus

The USB 2.0 HighSpeed standard specifies a data rate of _________ Mbps shared between all devices attached to the same host controller

480

What is the speed of USB 3.2 Gen 1 SuperSpeed USB?

5 Gbps

What is the maximum cable length for FullSpeed and HighSpeed?

5 meters

How many digits is a bit(b)?

1

With display ports, Bandwidth can be allocated in bonded lanes up to?

4

What is the speed of USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 SuperSpeed USB?

10 Gbps

The 7-pin data connector does not supply power. A separate -pin SATA power connector is used to connect the device to the PC's power supply.

15

HDMI versions __________ specify Premium High Speed (up to 18 Gbps) and Ultra High Speed (up to 48 Gbps) cable ratings.

2.0 and 2.1

The bitrate of each lane was originally 2.7 Gbps but is now (with version 2.0) up to how many Gbps?

20

What is the speed of USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 SuperSpeed USB?

2x10 Gbps

Although SuperSpeed-capable cables do not have an official maximum length, up to about _______ meters is recommended.

3

What is the maximum cable length for LowSpeed devices?

3 meters

Serial ATA is the most widely used interface for hard disks on desktop and laptop computers. It uses a - pin data connector with one device per port.

7

How many binary digits is a byte(B)?

8

There are three SATA standards specifying bandwidths of Gb/s, Gb/s, and Gb/s. A. 1.5, 3, 6 B. 2, 4, 8 C. 3.5, 7, 14 D. 1, 3, 6, 12

A. 1.5, 3, 6

The first commercially available SATA standard supported speeds of up to MBps. This standard was quickly augmented by SATA revision 2 ( MBps) and then SATA revision 3 ( MBps). A. 100, 250, 500 B. 150, 200, 250 C. 150, 300, 600 D. 200, 400, 800

C. 150, 300, 600

Software work by processing instructions in the ?

CPU

The motherboard's synchronizes the operation of all parts of the PC and provides the basic timing signal for the CPU.

Clock

__________ was developed by consumer electronics companies and requires a royalty to use.

HDMI

All motherboards have a variety of connector types and socket types for the system devices: select all that apply A. CPU B. Memory C. Phone charger D. Fixed disk drives E. Adapter cards.

Cpu, Memory, Fixed disk drives, Adapter cards

What three colors are used on a color monitor to produce the range of available colors? A: Red, purple, yellow B: Yellow, green, blue C: Blue, yellow, red D: Red, green, blue E: Blue, white, red

D

Clock multipliers take the timing signal produced by the generator and apply a multiplication factor to produce different timing signals for different types of .

buses

There are full-size DP++ and MiniDP/mDP

Display Ports

________was developed as a royalty-free standard by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)

DisplayPort

Motherboards have standard standoff and mounting hole patterns based on its form factor. When installing and aligning a motherboard in the case, what do you need to be careful of? (Select all that apply.) A. Thermal paste B. Electrostatic discharge C. Damaging rear components and traces D. LED headers

Electrostatic discharge Damaging rear components and traces

The frame rate in _____ is used to describe the video source.

FPS

PC cases come in many different sizes and configurations. Where do you connect the power button, reset button, and power LED to the motherboard?

Front panel header

Transfer rate: 1000x1000x1000

Gigabits (Gb/s) and gigabytes (GB/s)

Rear I/O shields for motherboards either come pre-installed, or as a separate piece that needs to be installed before you put in the motherboard. What functions does the rear I/O shield provide? (Select all that apply.) A. Ground the I/O ports to the case B. Block electromagnetic interference C. Support the motherboard in the case D. Dust barrier

Ground the I/O ports to the case Block electromagnetic interference Dust barrier

There are full-size (Type A), mini (Type C), and micro (Type D) connectors, all of which are beveled to ensure correct orientation.

HDMI

__________ supports both video and audio, plus remote control and digital content protection (HDCP).

HDMI

_______ is the refresh rate of the display device and video interface.

Hertz

__________ cable supports greater lengths and is required for v1.4 features, such as 4K and refresh rates over 60 Hz.

High Speed

What does HDMI stand for?

High-Definition Multimedia Interface

What manages the USB?

Host controller

What is used to cool the PSU?

Integral fan exhaust

Transfer rate: 1000

Kilobits (Kb/s or Kbps) and kilobytes (KB/s and KBps)

Premium flat-panel monitors are of the organic ________ type. This means that each pixel is its own light source. This allows for much better contrast and color fidelity.

LED (OLED)

Apple's iPhone and iPad mobile devices use a proprietary port and connector, and the connector is reversible.

Lightning

What does LCD stand for?

Liquid Crystal Display

Transfer rate: 1000x1000

Megabits (Mb/s) or megabytes (MB/s)

What does the system case house?

Motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), system memory modules, adapter cards, fixed disks, and power supply unit

The function of the CPU is supported by the motherboard's .

chipset

Internal storage device data cables are unpowered. While the SATA power connector is the best option for new devices, legacy components connect to the power supply unit (PSU) via a . A is usually white or clear plastic and has 4 pins.

Molex connector

What type of storage is RAM storage?

Nonpersistent

PSU

Power Supply Unit

SATA

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

What does SATA stand for?

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

________ is the standard means of connecting internal storage drives within a desktop PC.

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

HDMI cable is rated as _______.

Standard (Category 1) or High Speed (Category 2)

This compact form factor is intended to provide a single, consistent hardware interface for the standard. The connector is reversible, meaning it can be inserted either way up. The connector design is also more robust than the earlier miniB and microB types. ________ can use the same type of connector at both ends

USB-C

CPU, cache, and RAM are fast but volatile. Mass storage and removable storage devices provide but permanent data retrieval.

Slower

Motherboards are large circuit boards with components and traces on both sides. To keep motherboard components from shorting out on the case, what do you need to use?

Standoffs

__________ can be used as a display interface like DisplayPort or HDMI and as a general peripheral interface like USB.

Thunderbolt

can be used as a display interface (like DisplayPort) and as a general peripheral interface (like USB 3). The latest version uses USB-C connectors.

Thunderbolt

What is the cutout below the PSU aligned with?

The motherboard's input/output (I/O) ports

Although the _________ are most closely associated with Apple computers and mobile devices, Thunderbolt is increasingly implemented on Windows and Linux PCs too.

Thunderbolt and Lightning interfaces

What connector form factor specified in USB 2 is used for connection to the host and some types of peripheral device, the connector and port are shaped like flat rectangles, the connector should be inserted with the USB symbol facing up?

Type A

What connector form factor specified in USB 2 is used for connection to large devices such as printers, the connector and port are square, with a beveled top?

Type B

What connector form factor specified in USB 2 is an updated connector for smaller devices, such as smartphones and tablets? This connector is distinctively flatter than the older mini type of connector.

Type B micro

What is a smaller peripheral device connector.?This type of connector was seen on early digital cameras but is no longer widely used.

Type B mini

USB 3 receptacles and connectors often have a blue connector tab or housing to distinguish them.USB 3 Type A connections are physically compatible with USB 1.1 and 2.0 connections, but the _________ connections are not.

Type B/Type B Micro

What are the connectors for USB 3.2 Gen 1 SuperSpeed USB?

USB-A, USB-C, USB Micro

What are the connectors for USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 SuperSpeed USB?

USB-A, USB-C, USB Micro

Using multiple monitors with HDMI requires one _______ port for each monitor?

Video card

Interfaces that are not supported by the chipset can be installed or upgraded as an .

adapter card

Handle components by their edges or plastic parts, and ideally, use an wrist strap and other protective equipment and procedures.

anti-ESD

What do computers process?

binary data

What is processed with computer software and date?

binary ones and zeroes

At the bottom of the rear panel there are cutout slots aligned with the position of adapter card slots to allow cables to be connected to any I/O ports on the cards, what is necessary to do to prevent over heating and dust from collecting inside the PC?

cover slots with the adapter card or blanking plate

Thunderbolt ports are distinguished from MiniDP by a lightning bolt/flash icon. Version 2 of the standard supports links of up to 20 Gbps. Like DisplayPort multiple monitors can be connected to a single port by .

daisy-chaining

There is also an standard for the attachment of peripheral drives, with a 2 m (78 in.) cable. You must use an cable to connect to an external port; you cannot use an internal SATA cable.

eSATA

You need to use tools and procedures that minimize the risk of damage to the sensitive electronic components used inside the PC. Components such as the CPU, system RAM, adapter cards, and the motherboard itself are vulnerable to .

electrostatic discharge (ESD)

What doe eSATA stand for?

external serial advanced technology attachment

Iterations of USB 3.x introduced new connector form factors and upgraded transfer rates, each of which are _________, so a device can send and receive simultaneously

full-duplex

What does it mean when each device can send or receive, but not at the same time?

half-duplex

What is the external connection point for a particular type of bus interface.

hardware port

The speed at which the image is redrawn is measured in what?

hertz (Hz) or frames per second (fps)

The resolution of an image is measured in ______ .

horizontal pixels by vertical pixels

Most connectors and ports now use edge contacts and either have an asymmetric design called _______ to prevent them from being inserted the wrong way around or are reversible.

keying

Computer displays are typically of what type of display?

liquid crystal display (LCD) and thin film transistor (TFT)

To avoid display artifacts such as ghosting and tearing, the refresh rate should _______ the frame rate or be evenly divisible by it. For example, if the frame rate is 60 fps and the refresh rate is 120 Hz, the video should play smoothly.

match

Clock speeds are measured in

megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

How are external ports provided to the PC?

on the motherboard or as an expansion card

An input/output (I/O) port allows a device to be connected to the PC via a?

peripheral cable

Each host controller supports multiple _________ attached to the same bus

ports

What does the rear panel provide access to?

power supply unit (PSU) sockets

Where are the external port cutouts positioned on the PC case?

rear or front

The color coding of the wire insulation represents the DC voltage:

red (5 VDC), yellow (12 VDC), and black (ground)

What does the front panel provide access to?

removable media drives, a power on/off switch, and light- emitting diodes (LEDs) to indicate drive operation

What is one of the main advantages of DisplayPort over HDMI?

support for daisy-chaining multiple monitors to the same video source.

The CPU socket has a distinctive square shape. When the CPU has been installed, it is covered by a heat sink, and fan.

thermal paste

What does a bus allow?

transfer of data to and from devices