lesson 1 unit 3 A, lesson 2, lesson 14, lesson 12, lesson 11, lesson 7 unit 3 A, lesson 8 unit 3 A
system level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into systems.
glucose
Blood sugar used by the cells in the production of energy
cytokinesis
Causes the separation of the cytoplasm
Two theories relating to the are the Theory and the organismal Theory.
Cell Organismal
False
Cell division of both plants and animals is an identical process.
carbohydrates
Cells in a person's body obtain glucose from the digestion of .
glycogen
Chain molecule made of many glucose molecules linked together
chlorophyll
Chloroplasts contain , necessary for photosynthesis by green plants.
ADP + P + ENERGY --- ATP
Click on objects to label the chemical reaction which allows the cell to store chemical energy.
ATP --- ADP + P + ENERGY
Click on objects to label the chemical reaction which occurs within the cell when it needs energy.
C 6 H 12 O 6+ O 2 --- CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY
Click on the pieces of the chemical reaction to show what occurs within the mitochondrion.
adenosine diphosphate
Converted into ATP during glucose breakdown
nucleus
DNA is located within the:
You can demonstrate the importance of water to a plant's rigidity by depriving a plant of water. The stem and leaves will wilt because the vacuoles are not filled. When you water the plant, it will become rigid once again provided it has not died from extended water loss.
Describe why plant cells are rigid:
gene
Each physical trait of an organism is produced by the instruction of a particular _____.
False
Energy is always required to force molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
A unicellular alga is specialized.
False
Current scientific methods can conclusively distinguish between all microorganisms.
False
Man is more complex but otherwise belongs to the animal kingdom.
False
Since all muscle cells are specialized, they are necessarily identical.
False
vacuole
Fluid filled sacs within the cytoplasm of a cell which are bound by a membrane. Some types contain food as it is being digested, others fill up most of the cell as in some plant cells.
the high expense
From the following list, which is a limitation to using an electron microscope?
starch glycogen
Glucose is one of the simple sugars in the long chain polymer, and animal cells store it is as .
vacuoles
Glucose is stored in within the cell.
proteins
Glucose will pass through a cell membrane with the aid of .
False
Hans and Zaccharias Janssen have made contributions to the development of microscopes through their work with mathematics.
polar
Having slightly negative and positive charged ends
bilayer
Having two layers
constant
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a internal environment by the body.
the double strand is twisted and coiled
How is all the information contained in the DNA molecule able to fit in the nucleus?
7% 12%
If you have two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, one having a 7 % concentration of salt in water and the other having a 12 % solution of salt in water, the water will flow from the side with the % solution to the side with the % salt solution.
your blood would become hypertonic the concentration of water in your blood would decrease water would flow out of your body cells
If you were stranded on the ocean in a raft, what would happen if you kept drinking ocean water?
the type and sequence of molecules along each strand
In what form is coded information found in DNA?
fermentation
Involves the production of ethyl alcohol from glucose
plastid
Tiny sacs in the cell which may contain starch
An "organism" is considered the highest level of organization of cells, yet it is also found at the lowest level of cellular organization.
True
Life cannot be completely defined by the physical sciences.
True
Some organisms consist of just one cell.
True
it contains coded information
What characteristic is completely unique about DNA?
used mathematics to improve the focus of the lens
What is one of the contributions made to the development of the microscope by Galileo?
first to document careful observations of different cell types
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Anton van Leeuwenhoek?
built microscopes capable of magnification of up to 1250 x using regular light
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Charles A. Spencer?
A functional plant or animal, existing through the cooperative organization of interrelated systems, is called a(n) _____.
organism
Any living thing with interrelated parts is considered to be a(n) .
organism
algae, frog, rabbit:
organism
body systems working together for the good of the whole:
organism
passive diffusion
oxygen, carbon dioxide
Some leukocytes absorb entire bacteria by the process of .
phagocytosis
plasma membrane
phospholipid and protein:
centrioles
play a role in the formation of the spindle during cell division
plant cell
presence of cell wall:
6CO 2 + 12H 2 O--------CHLOROPHYLL C 6 H 12 O 6+ 6O 2 + 6H 2 O
process of photosynthesis.
Golgi bodies
produce and package cell secretions
centrioles
produce r-RNA to make ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
produce the spindle fibers for cell division
nucleus
round structure within the cell
iso
same
isotonic solution
same salt concentration as inside the cell:
plasma membrane
selective membrane:
neuron
sends message from brain to move up
Which statements describe organisms referred to as "colonial"?
similar bacteria or protozoa which group together
Multicellular organisms exhibit a division of labor among cells known as .
specialization
lysosomes
store glucose as glycogen
Why do plants need cell walls?
structure and rigidity
mitochondria
supply the cell with energy (ATP)
Multiple organs which are engaged in a specific process form a(n) .
system
organs grouped to perform a common process:
system
respiratory, digestive:
system
The highest level of cellular organization requires the cooperation of multiple .
systems
The classification of some organisms is still uncertain.
taxonomic
chromosome
the double strand is twisted and coiled
differentiation
the maturation of a cell for a specific function
ribosomes
tiny structures which synthesize proteins
groups of cells performing a common function:
tissue
muscle, fat, bone:
tissue
A particular function performed by an arrangement of similar cells is characteristic of .
tissues
facilitated diffusion
transports glucose, amino acids
pinocytosis
transports proteins, nucleic acids
active transport
transports sodium, potassium
nonpolar
Not having a charge or partial charge
needs oxygen produces more ATP than glycolysis produces carbon dioxide produces water
The Krebs Cycle:
mitochondria
The Krebs cycle takes place within the :
ribosomes
The _____ are responsible for linking amino acids together.
True
The cell wall of a plant is like a laminated two layer structure.
False
The cell wall of a plant is made from phospholipids and cellulose.
amino acid
The chemical unit or building block of protein
ATP
The complete process which is needed to produce is called the Krebs cycle.
higher
The concentration of K+ within a cell is required to be than the external concentration.
lower
The concentration of Na+ within a cell is required to be than the external concentration.
cytoplasm
The living substance of a cell, excluding the nucleus.
homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal body environment
diffusion
The natural tendency of molecules to move from higher to lower concentrations is:
daughter cell
The new cells resulting from the division of the mother cell
cell wall
The outer covering found in plant cells outside of the plasma membrane. It is made of a double layer of cellulose, and serves to give strength and rigidity to the plant cell.
plasma membrane
The outer layer of a cell which acts as a gatekeeper to the cell is called the .
isotonic
The same salt concentration as inside the cell
plasma membrane
The semipermeable membrane surrounding human and animal cells that is made of phospholipids and proteins.
True
The simplest operational cell is still more complex than a computer.
nucleolus
The small, dark structures within the nucleus of a cell. They are thought to make r-RNA to construct the ribosomes.
plants
The source of stored energy in the form of food for all animals and humans ultimately comes from:
No cell is "simple."
True
when using the high power objective
When are you never supposed to use the coarse adjustment knob?
adenosine triphosphate
Which molecule has greater energy potential?
mitochondria
Which of the following organelles acts as the cell's powerplant?
CO2 diffuses passively out of the cell O2 diffuses passively and then is converted to CO2
Which statement(s) corresponds to cellular respiration?
they are nonpolar and soluble
Why do O2 and CO2 pass through the plasma membrane?
Which of the following is a system operation in amoeba?
excretion
stasis
stable
lower higher
Active transport requires energy because it moves molecules from a to a concentration against diffusion.
permeable membrane
Allows some molecules to pass through but excludes others
True
An example of homeostasis in the human body is the glucose, pH, CO2 concentration in the blood being kept constant.
endoplasmic reticulum
An interconnected series of tubes in the cytoplasm is called the _____.
Acellular organisms
An organism not divided into cells.
unicellular organism
An organism that only has one cell for its body.
semipermeable membrane
Any molecule can pass through without hindrance
vacuoles
digest foods
photosynthesis
A process in green plants which involves the use of the sun's energy
cell plate
A septum which forms to separate the two new plant cells
organelle
A small structure within the cell which serves specialized functions
muscle fiber
A very long, contracting cell which makes up the muscles of our body.
ocular lens
Which lens is closest to your eye when looking through a microscope?
endoplasmic reticulum
channels for transporting molecules within the cell
plant cell
chloroplasts and plastids:
animal cell
cleavage furrow plus centrioles in cell division:
chromosomes
contain genes with the information controlling cell
plastids
contain starch and oil or plant pigments
kidney, heart, stomach, liver:
organ
tissues arranged into units to perform a function:
organ
Golgi bodies
Involved in producing and packaging secretions
chromosome
Rod-shaped structure contains the genes
slime mold
A type of protist which has a stage in its life cycle when it is not divided into cells.
A cavity located within plant cells which store food is called the .
vacuole
magnifying glass
A "flea glass" is another name for a .
biochemical
A chemical substance coming from an organism
organ level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into organs.
tissue level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms at this level have their cells arranged into tissues.
cellular level
A degree of organism complexity. Organisms in this level are either unicellular or colonial.
organism
A functional living thing, unicellular or multicellular containing interrelated parts.
True
A gene is a subunit of information within a chromosome.
nucleic acid
A group of biochemicals including DNA and RNA
tissue
A group of cells working together to perform a particular task.
system
A group of organs working together for a common purpose.
organ
A group of tissues working together as a unit for a particular purpose in the body.
hypertonic
A higher salt concentration than inside the cell
protein
A long chain molecule made up of amino acids
hypotonic
A lower salt concentration than inside the cell
semipermeable
A membrane which limits the type of molecules which will pass through it is called .
enzyme
A molecule which serves to make reactions work
chloroplast
A packet of chlorophyll arranged in stacks within a plant cell
False
A plant cell does not have a plasma membrane like animal cells.
False
A plant cell will become soggy and limp when it is filled with water.
have different structures and different functions
A plasma membrane and a cell wall:
adenosine triphosphate
It serves as an energy source for the cell
False
It would appear logical that the first cell could have started to function from one organelle having formed by accident.
microorganisms
Living creatures which can be seen only by using a microscope are called .
enzymes
Lysosomes are able to help digest the food material in the vacuole because they contain that they spill into the vacuole.
phospholipid
Makes up the plasma membrane together with protein
r-RNA
Makes up the structure of the ribosomes
cellulose
Material which makes up the structure of the cell wall
facilitated diffusion
Of the five transport mechanisms, which one will the cell utilize if the substance being transported is insoluble?
pinocytosis phagocytosis
Of the following types of transport, which two may the cell utilize if a large molecule or organism cannot pass through the membrane?
are the highest level of cellular organization.
Organisms
colonial
Organisms that live in a group called a colony.
lysosome
Packets within the cell cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes
nucleoli
Ribosomal RNA is produced by:
False
Ribosomal RNA is produced in the cytoplasm.
cell
The basic unit of life according to the cell theory.
False
Science has shown how information can only be gathered by the known laws of physics and chemisty.
genes
Segments of DNA contained on chromosomes
the dark field microscope the phase contrast microscope the fluorescence microscope the polarizing light microscope the bright field microscope
Select the five variations of the light microscope.
chlorophyll
Serves to trap the sun's energy for photosynthesis
False
Sodium and potassium need to be pumped and not just travel by passive or facilitated diffusion because the cell is concentrating sodium and ridding itself of potassium.
mitochondria
Structure within the cell responsible for the production of energy
secretion
Substances produced by the Golgi bodies
organelles
Subunits within the cells that perform specific functions are called .
matter
That which occupies space and has mass.
organismal theory
The basic unit of life is the organism itself, which may be divided into cells for efficiency.
False
The cell mechanism of "active transport" involves the transport of insoluble chemicals across the membrane with protein acting as the carrier.
mother cell
The cell that is about to undergo binary fission
osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
pyruvic acid
The end product of glycolysis in the breakdown of glucose
the product of ATP decomposition
The energy required for the mechanism of "active transport" comes from:
intelligent design
The enormous complexity of cells supports the theory of .
spindle
The fibers which direct the even distribution of chromosomes
glycolysis
The first step in the chemical breakdown of glucose
organism level
The highest level of complexity of a living thing in which the systems work together for the good of the whole. Any living thing must be considered to have reached this level.
cell theory
The idea of Schleiden and Schwann that the basic unit of life is the cell, and that all living organisms are composed of cells.
cell cement
The intercellular material that holds plant cells together
nucleus
The internal spherical structure in a cell which serves as the central control.
250,000 times
The level of magnification that produces the best images using an electron microscope is .
specialization
The limiting of the function of a cell to a specific function.
it contains 46 chromosomes each strand contains the chromosomes from one parent
Which statements are correct concerning human DNA?
epidermis
The outer layer of cells of the stems, roots, and leaves of plants.
osmosis
The passage of water through a semipermeable membrane is called .
False
The phospholipid molecule has two ends, the nonpolar charged end and the polar uncharged end.
cleavage furrow
The pinching in of the animal cell during cell division
bilayer phospholipids proteins
The plasma membrane has a of with dispersed throughout.
inner randomly
The primary cell wall is the layer made of arranged cellulose fibers.
selectively permit or restrict substances from entering or leaving the cell
The primary function of the cell's membrane is to:
meiosis
The process involving the division of the nucleus in a reproductive cell
mitosis
The process involving the division of the nucleus of a body cell
release energy for making ATP
The purpose of the Krebs cycle is to:
low
The relative concentration of water in a hypertonic solution is:
high
The relative concentration of water in a hypotonic solution is:
equal
The relative concentration of water in an isotonic solution is:
gametes
The reproductive cells in sexual reproduction
True
The role of protein in facilitated diffusion is to move insoluble molecules across the plasma membrane; diffusion supplies the power.
life cycle
The stages of a plant or animal's life.
lactic acid
The substance produced by body cells when there is not enough oxygen
solar
The ultimate source of energy for starting the food chain is:
division of labor
The work being divided up into specialized tasks as in a cell or a society.
colonial organisms:
cellular
discovered the electron microscope
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Max Knott and Ernst Ruska?
identifying the first cell
What is the contribution made to the development of the microscope by Robert Hooke?
adds a phosphate to ADP changes ADP to ATP
What is the function of the energy released by the mitochondrion?
binocular
What kind of microscope allows you to look through two eyepieces?
the resolving power of the microscope
What limits the amount of magnification that can be produced using light?
resolving nosepiece
What part of a microscope rotates to change from the low power objective lens to the high power objective lens?
when the molecules are insoluble
When is facilitated diffusion necessary?
pyruvic acid lactic acid
When oxygen is lacking, animal cells change to .
will ions
When the required direction of transport is opposed to concentration levels, a cell expend energy to force across its membrane.
objective lens
Which lens is closest to the object that you are viewing?
cell wall
cellulose:
because the external water concentration is greater because the external salt concentration is less
Why will external fluid flow into a plant cell?
phagocytosis
a child eating a doughnut
passive diffusion
a crowded roomful of people gradually standing up, wandering around, and leaving the room
active transport
a dog being dragged into a bathtub against its will
facilitated diffusion
a dog pulled on a wagon through a spring loaded door
pinocytosis
a woman drinking tea
The plasma membrane of a human cell:
acts as a selective gatekeeper
The is an example of Organismal Theory because it is not divided into cells but has many .
algae Caulerpa nuclei
permeable membrane
allows all substances to pass through:
semipermeable membrane
allows some substances to pass through; excludes others:
Why do creation scientists believe that God created the "cell"?
because the known principles of chemistry do not support evolution because the proper organic chemicals found in cells cannot form spontaneously or remain in the presence of the earth's atmosphere because the complex organic chemicals of life can only be produced within and by the direction of a cell.
Animals and man exhibit life through the physical medium of the and central nervous system.
brain
muscle fiber
causes the actual contraction of muscles to raise leg
According to the Cell Theory, the is the basic unit of life; according to the Organismal Theory the is the basic unit.
cell organism
hypotonic solution
cell bursts:
phagocytosis
cell engulfs microorganisms in cell "eating"
pinocytosis
cell engulfs molecules in cell "drinking"
plant cell
cell plate and no centrioles in cell division:
hypertonic solution
cell shrinks:
isotonic solution
cell stays the same:
Cells of animals do not have:
cell wall
The fibrous outer covering surrounding plant cells is the:
cell wall
amoeba, paramecium, euglena:
cellular
If a particular biological amino acid, protein, or DNA could accidentally form by chance, it could wait around for millions of years (remain stable) while ALL the hundreds of other necessary cellular chemicals were also being formed by accident. because:
false biological chemicals are unstable
cell wall
gives strength to cell:
hyper
greater than, high
hypertonic solution
higher salt concentration than inside the cell:
out of
hypertonic: the cell
into
hypotonic: the cell
leukocyte
keeps the tissues involved free of disease
erythrocyte
keeps tissues involved alive, provides oxygen for energy for motion
plant cell
large hypertonic vacuole:
hypo
less than, low
According to the Bible, "" was given by God.
life
hypotonic solution
lower salt concentration than inside the cell:
active transport
molecules "pumped" in or out from low to high concentration
facilitated diffusion
molecules helped by protein, move insoluble molecules across plasma membrane
passive diffusion
molecules move in and out freely from high to low concentration
A functioning organism:
must possess interrelated systems can be unicellular can be plant or animal
animal cell
no cell wall, only plasma membrane:
animal cell
no chlorophyll or chloroplasts:
animal cell
no large vacuole, only small ones:
Two or more tissues which cooperate as a unit are considered a(n) .
organ
