Lesson 11: The Onset of the Cold War
Identify George F. Kennan, analyze the reasoning behind the containment policy, and show how the United States implemented this policy in postwar Europe.
Career diplomat that worked in embassies in Europe Argued to place new policy to prevent Soviet Union to lead more invasion towards Europe and place a conference to prevent to make it worse U.S throws out Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine: Support free people who are resisting subjugation by outside pressure Marshall Plan: 16 billion dollar financial aid to rebuild Europe and prevent countries to lead to communism NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, combination of U.S and other countries to fight communism
Analyze the American reaction to the Chinese civil war.
Chiang-Kai-Shek (dictator) v.s Mao Zendong were dominant leaders in China that could not agree U.S wanted them to bond, but not effective, Communism took over China Republicans upset that China was lost for a trading partner/ great market Truman Doctrine does not apply as China is under communism
Identify candidates, issues, and outcome of the 1948 election.
Citizens believed that Truman would not be reelected from the lack of success of reforms McCarthyism also damaged his approval Candidates Democrat: Harry Truman Republican: Thomas Dewey Dixiecrat: Strom Thurmond Progressive: Henry Wallace
Discuss the strained relationship between the US and the USSR during WW II.
Domestic recognition of USSR 1934 Extended the lend-lease policy to USSR Stalin urged a 2nd front in Europe in WWII and did not happen until almost a the end of war Soviets grew suspicious grew and accused of Western allies of stalling
Analyze the role of Senator Joseph McCarthy in the second Red Scare and examine his effect on the country.
Governor seen as leader of communist witch hunts, had created a list of people that supported the Soviets, but list was constantly changing. Accused military generals to contributions towards communism. Hearings brought down his downfall of trust President Eisenhower thought o him a as bully Failed to uncover a single of treason but was later found out that 300 spies were working for the U.S government
Explain America's role in the Korean War and describe the changing U.S. military objectives.
N. Korean communist leader Kim Il Sung (soviets) vs. S. Korea (Nationalists) and leader Syngman Rhee (U.S) N Korea attacks South Korea U.S General MacArthur led U.N police action Liberate S. Korea and attempt the same for the north China comes into war when the U.S get close to the Chinese border MacArthur wanted to nuke and Truman said no Truman settles for the stalemate at the 49 parallel
Examine the rise of the second Red Scare after World War II.
Setbacks in foreign policy fueled fear for communism within the country and became a paranoid obsession House un-american activities committee held hearings One of the hearing s was with Whittaker Chambers accused Alger Hiss of Espionage and scared that there were spies within the government. Sentenced for 5 yrs in jail and lied about meeting Chambers In Loyalty Review Board investigations checked for backgrounds and pressured people to do loyalty oaths ex: teachers Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for giving atomic secrets to Russia
Summarize the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1917-1941.
Tension since the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 Presumption the coexistence was impossible Soviets opposed pillars of American Society Christianity Capitalism Democracy Fear of worldwide communism revolution
Evaluate Truman's efforts to implement his Fair Deal.
Truman tried to revive and expand the new deal Reforms for education, healthcare, and civil rights Major reforms failed in Congress but passed minimum wage increase and the expansion for social security
Short Answer: Rosenberg Case
Who: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg What: Executed for giving nuclear secrets to the soviets When: 1953 Where: U.S Why: Accused of treason
Short Answer: Berlin blockade
Who: Russia v.s U.S What: Russia surrounded Berlin in occupied Germany and cut off access for the allies who brought by planes to feed the city, did not escalated and ended fairly quickly When: 1948 Where:Berlin Why:Russia felt that the U.S had declared war
Short Answer: National Security Act
Who: The U.S government What: Congress passed the National Security Act, which involved the reorganization of the federal government and created new agencies Added the deportment of defense and unifies united forces CIA coordinates intelligence gathering from Russia, agencies spying on the enemy When: 1947 Where: U.S Why: Response to the cold war and escalating arms race
Short Answer: the "loss of China"
Who: Truman What: Pushed for the China leaders to get along. Nothing was solved. Zedong took over power and tuned China to communism. Blamed for nor help China to fight communism and lost for the country to have a great market to have a trading power When: 1949 Where: China Why: Truman did not take part to help China because it was inconvenient to fight a war overseas
Short Answer: Truman Doctrine
Who: Truman What: Passed doctrine to indirectly state that the the U.S will help other countries that are threatened by communism, got rid of the Monroe Doctrine When: 1947 Where: U.S and other free countries around the world Why: Wanted to prevent communism from spreading
Short Answer: NATO
Who: U.S, Eastern Europe, and Canada What: created a military alliance When: 1949 Where: International Why: to unite against communism
